The Virgin Islands |
of the United States
THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
OF THE UNITED STATES
COCOANUT PALMS, ST. THOMAS
f
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
WASHINGTON, D. C. -----
-
APRIL, 1932
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2013
http://archive.org/details/virginislandsofuunit
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
RAY LYMAN WILBUR, Secretary
GENERAL INFORMATION
REGARDING
THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
OF THE UNITED STATES
APRIL, 193:
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON
: 1932
For sale by the superintendent of documents, Washington, D. C.
CONTENTS
Page
Chapter I
.—A General Description of the Islands
1
Geographical Location
1
Physical Characteristics
3
Climate
6
Population
6
Education
7
Labor
7
Religion
8
Chapter
1 1
.—Government of the Virgin Islands
8
General Description
8
Political Status of Inhabitants
9
The Law
9
Taxation
10
Dhapter III.—Banking and Financial Condition
10
Chapter IV.—Agriculture, Summary
10
Chapter V.—Economic Conditions
13
General
13
St. Thomas
13
St. John
16
St. Croix
16
Chapter VI.—Living Conditions and Accommodations
19
Chapter VII.—Recreation
20
Sports and Amusements
20
Transportation
21
APPENDIXES
V. Temperature and Rainfall
22
3.
Rainfall (St. Thomas)
22
1
Rainfall
(St. Croix)
22
0. Sugar Production and Exportation Statistics
23
5.
Birth Rate and Death Rate
23
?. Censuses of Virgin Islands
24
j. Bay Rum Statistics
24
1.
Cattle Exports
25
'.. Acreage
( St. Croix)
25
\. Sugar Exports
25
I Types of Fish
26
L
Mortality Statistics
27
VI. School Attendance
27
Q Department of Education
27
). Bunker Coal and Fuel Oil Imports
28
3
.
Ships Paying Pilotage
( St. Thomas)
28
^.
Arrivals of Ocean-going Ships
28
}. Trade with United States
29
5. Imports and Exports
29
T. Money Orders Issued and Paid
J.
Savings Deposits
7.
Depositors' Balances (St. Croix)
iV.
Virgin Islands Official Directory
31
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THE VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER
I
A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLANDS
Geographical location.—In 1917 the group of islands called the Virgin Islands
)f the United States were acquired from Denmark for $25,000,000.
With but
bwo short interruptions when taken for a total of nine years by England, Den-
nark had held this group of islands for nearly three centuries.
They lie 40 miles
3ast
of Porto
Rico and
1,400
miles southeast
of New
York, and
consist
of
ibout 50 islands and cays.
Only half a dozen of these islands are inhabited
ind only three have any size or importance.
They are St. Thomas, St. John,
ind St. Croix (Santa Cruz).
St. John lies only a few miles east of St. Thomas,
vhile St. Croix lies 40 miles to the south.
The Atlantic washes the northern
shores of St. Thomas and
St. John, while the Caribbean laves their southern
reaches and surrounds St. Croix.
The total area of these three islands
is less
;han 140 square miles, and St. Croix has nearly two-thirds of that.
The seat of
government and
the center
of commercial
activity
is
at
St.
Thomas, whose
larbor
is one of the finest in the Caribbean.
From that day
in 1493 when Columbus discovered the Virgin
Islands, and
heir
fierce Carib Indian inhabitants, on
his second voyage to America, they
lave always been in the center of the western world's life.
The trail he blazed
>ecame the Atlantic highway.
Early voyagers found
here the
nearest New
^Vorld haven as they set out westward upon new discoveries.
Here privateers
md buccaneers found hidden harbors of refuge from which they scouted for the
lea-born wealth of the Spanish main.
Various nationals began settlements in
he early seventeenth century and
set up
rivalries that resulted
in
constant
varfare until the islands came under the rule of Denmark in 1671.
For several
senturies the rise and fall of the various nations that successively wrested parts
>f the New World from each other kept the magnificent harbor of St. Thomas
ull of activity and the towns of Charlotte Amalie
(later renamed St. Thomas),
I!hristiansted, and Frederiksted,
full of intrigue and colorful
life that has
left
ts permanent marks to charm the visitor to-day.
When wars grew less frequent and the commerce of rapid colonization replaced
hem, the harbor of St. Thomas became a port of great importance.
Located
it the crossroads of the seas,
it became the point of transshipment for merchan-
lise brought
there
for redistribution; and the heavy
walled warehouses that
o-day extend back to its main street three or four hundred feet from the water
ront bear mute testimony
to that golden age before
scientific advancements
md industrial developments began to
steal away the commercial glory which
he opening of a New World temporarily lent it.
These islands were once the wholesale center of the American slave industry,
^hristiansted and Frederiksted on
St.
Croix were the American counterparts
)f similar fortresses set up by Denmark in her African slaves' lands; and here
he slaves were brought in shiploads to the market which supplied the islands
o the west and the cotton and tobacco fields of the United States.
Meanwhile
hey cultivated these islands from sea to mountain top.
Their own savagery
1
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
and the cruelty with which they were treated resulted in several bloody insui
rections and the slaughter
of many
whites.
Some
of the
slave markets
sti
stand in the cities, while in the country one sees the ruins of marvelous "grea
houses," surrounded by the old slave quarters.
The islands' three
cities remain truly ancient.
Time has to
all appearance
generously stayed
its hand beyond adding a colorful antiquity to
their
build
Blackbeard's Castle, St. Thomas
ings.
Their few paved
streets and
their movie houses afford only enough
of
modern contrast to frame and emphasize the ancient.
While these and electric
lights,
up-to-date
sanitation,
hospitalization, and
education
have,
of
course,
added their necessary benefits, they have not spoiled the picture.
What changes
have come have not destroyed the old architecture or the old feeling.
It would
be hard to tell whether the building you see is 20 years old or 200, save on close
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
6
examination.
There is hardly a store window to be found in the islands.
High
arched doorways lead through thick walls into the buildings that crowd each
other and front close upon the narrow walks and narrow streets.
Merchandise
in wide variety is displayed after its own fashion and needs usually to be hunted
out; but the hunting will lead to interesting discoveries, one of which will be
the comparatively low prices due to the fact that the Virgin Islands are prac-
tically a "free port."
As in a previous age, donkeys with loaded panniers jog
or plod down the streets; and erect, dark-skinned Amazons deftly balance on
their heads their baskets or trays of fruits or their cans of water.
Bluebeard s Castle, St. Thomas
NATURAL RESOURCES
Physical
characteristics.—Like their British and French sister Virgins to the
east and south, the Virgin Islands of the United States are of ancient volcanic
origin, with mountain ridges 1,000 to 1,500 feet high, running their lengths east
to west.
On
St. Thomas and
St. John these mountains slope sharply to the
sea on all sides and leave only small pockets of cultivatable land in the ravines
between
projecting
spurs.
On
St.
Croix, however,
the land
slopes gradually
south for 5 miles to the Caribbean and makes possible the agriculture which has
supported that island with varying success for the centuries of its history.
While traces of many minerals have been found on these islands, there are
none known to exist in paying quantities, despite the glowing reports of early
voyagers
to
the West
Indies.
Those
reports
of fabulous wealth have never
found
the
slightest
substantiation,
though
repeated
expeditions
have made
diligent search and legend
still persists.
Scientific expeditions have, however,
under the inspiration of Carib inscriptions found in various places, successfully
undertaken archaeological research.
On all three islands have been found the
104167°—32
2
4
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
evidence
of a crude civilization that long antedated the discovery of America.
Si one
implements,
earthen
pottery, and
interesting
carvings have been
disj
o,n ered and may now be found in various museums in the United States.
Local
amateur
archaeologists have, from time
to
time, made
interesting
collections,
and the known middens still give up intriguing fragments to those who care to
do a
Little digging.
No doubt important finds yet await the serious searcher.
STEPS TO FRENCHMEN'S HILL, ST. THOMAS
It has been generally supposed that the Virgin Islands were once covered with
mahogany and other valuable cabinet woods and that dense forests
of these
trees were cut off in the early days and then again later to make place for cane
when slave labor cultivated even the steep hillsides.
The Bureau of Forestry,
however,
considers
this extremely
doubtful, and does not
believe
that
these
cabinet woods are indigenous to these
islands.
They do grow well there, but
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE YIRGIN ISLANDS
6
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
the specimens scattered sparsely throughout the islands or standing in clumps
about old ruins and along the sides of many roads, are believed to have been
imported.
Little natural young growth of these trees is to be found, but thou-
sands are now being set out, and seem to do well.
Most of St. Thomas and St
John and much of
St.
Croix
is thickly covered with many
different types
oi
trees, but these are not of accepted commercial value, nor of size or charactei
to be considered forests.
Where the land is not cleared for cultivation or grazing
these scattered trees are interspersed with dense growths of underbrush and vines
11 Kit
rapidly reclaim any land that
is left uncared for for even a year or two
Many of these trees afford food in the form of wild fruits, such as the mango,
the soursop, etc.; but most of them are valuable only as wood for the burning
of charcoal—the universal fuel of the Virgin Islands.
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
Climate.—The
climate
of
the
Virgin
Islands
is
semitropical, and
records
support the oft-repeated claim that they are one of the healthiest spots in the
world.
Tropical diseases are practically unknown and the quarantine station
has not had a single occupant for years.
Although there is much tropical insect
life and the bed net
is universally used, sanitation plus the tropical sun make
flies and mosquitoes less bothersome than in the Middle Atlantic States.
The
temperature ranges from 69 degrees to 91 degrees with a difference of about 10
degrees between winter and summer averages.
While midday
is usually very
warm and business
is largely suspended from
12 to
2, there
is generally a fine
sea breeze blowing from the east, which tempers the tropical sun and keeps down
the humidity.
The rainfall
(usually
in the form of showers)
varies somewhat
from month to month, but there is no dry season and no wet season such as many
places know, though the averages show about 45 per cent of the rain falling in
the last four months of the year.
Over a period of 10 years the average annual
rainfall on
St. Thomas has been about 45 inches, and on
St. Croix about 40
inches—not quite enough for really secure agriculture,
because
of the porous
soil and high evaporation.
There are no permanent streams of any size on the
islands.
An increasing number of shallow wells provide water for cattle and
occasionally for garden produce, but
it
is usually too brackish for human
use.
All water for domestic purposes (except flushing, for which the towns have salt
water systems)
is caught on the roofs or on the
city's mountainside concrete
catchments; but all cisterns must be kept screened, and for added security must
contain the tiny "mosquito fish."
To the surprise of all visitors, the drinking
water
is excellent, and health records attest its purity.
The hurricanes which occasionally visit the West Indies correspond very closely
to the Kansas cyclone in origin, action, severity, localization, and infrequency;
but very seldom are there any lives lost.
Warnings are given hours (or even days)
ahead of their coming, affording ample time to seek safety within the thick-walled,
heavily barred buildings.
These hurricanes need deter no one from coming here
to visit or to live.
Many years usually intervene between destructive visitations,
The hurricane season is officially from July 25 to October 25.
INHABITANTS
Population.—The population of the
Virgin
Islands has declined from 33,000
to 22,000 since 1900, largely through emigration to New York.
Of these, about
2,000 are white, 3,000 are of mixed blood, and the remainder are negro descendants
of the Africans brought to this wholesale slave market a century or two ago.
The
whites include a colony of French fishing stock that has for many generations
kept itself strictly isolated from the rest of the inhabitants, and has maintained
I);
!'
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
/
the purity of its race and language.
Some of these have turned farmers and have
set a fine example of industry and frugality.
Because of male emigration, the
female population of the islands exceeds the male by about 20 per cent, which
adds to the social problem.
Education.—The average
intelligence
of
the
people
is fairly
high.
This
is
probably due in large measure to the generations of cosmopolitan contacts which
the harbor has afforded; but
it
is also due to the compulsory education which
was required under the old Danish laws and since continued under the American
administration of the government.
The schools carry through the twelfth grade,
and are well enough organized and conducted to warrant most of the foreign resi-
dents in sending their children to them.
They are under the supervision of com-
petent directors from the United States, while most of the teachers are natives
educated in the islands.
Children of the different races attend school together
Loading Coal at St. Thomas
is they do in the northern parts of continental United States, and those who later
50 elsewhere
to continue their education attest to the
satisfactory standards
naintained.
No small number have pursued their education abroad and made
ine
records throughout the world or returned to render their fellow
islanders
jxcellent service and fine examples.
Some of these, and others, have also shown
narked business ability, have accumulated considerable property, and have well
sarned the respect that is accorded them by whites and colored alike.
Despite
Danish rule for centuries, the language of the islands is English—further evidence
)f cosmopolitan influence.
The
native people are, as a whole, law-abiding and
espectful of authority.
They are notably hospitable, courteous, and friendly.
Labor.—While labor would not be called
efficient if measured by continental
Jnited States standards, wages are correspondingly low.
It must be remembered,
lowever, that this
is a tropical race
still living in a tropical climate; that the
iving scale
is low, nature
is extremely kind, and needs are few.
The past has
8
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
not show n opportunities often enough, great enough, or general enough to stimu-
late or warrant much general ambition or initiative; and necessity has not until
now demanded
it.
Religion.—-The people as a whole are very religious, in that there are many
churches of many denominations and most of the people are members of one or
another, and attendants,
too; but
the primitive concept
of
religion remains.
The following religious denominations maintain places of worship and organized
work
in
the
Virgin
Islands: Moravian,
Anglican, Roman
Catholic,
Lutheran,
Wesleyan Methodist, Seventh-day Adventists, Pilgrim Holiness, African Metho-
dist Episcopal, Christian Mission, and Orthodox Jewish.
CHAPTER
II
GOVERNMENT OF THE ISLANDS
General description.—The government
of
the
Virgin
Islands
of
the
United
States consists of a governor appointed by the President of the United States, a
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Government House, St. Thomas
staff for central administration appointed by the Secretary of the Interior, two
Colonial Councils established under Danish law, and municipal staffs appointed
by the governor.
The Colonial Council of St. Thomas and St. John consists of
11 elected members and 4 members appointed by the governor.
The Colonial
Council of St. Croix is made up of 13 elected and 5 appointed members.
The Colonial Councils pass all laws governing the islands, but these are subject
in whole and in part to the approval of the governor and of the President of the
United
States.
The governor has authority to
dissolve the
councils, but not
more than twice in two years.
Only twice has this authority been exercised
in 1922 and in 1925.
The governor has also the right to issue executive orders
which have all the effect of law.
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
9
Political
status
of
inhabitants—Citizenship.—On
February
25,
1927, nearly
10 years after the transfer of the Virgin Islands to the United States, the Presi-
dent approved an act of Congress granting United States citizenship to certain
inhabitants of the Virgin Islands.
The following classes of persons were granted
full United States citizenship by this act:
(a)
All former Danes who were residing in the Virgin Islands of the United
States on January 17, 1917, and in the Virgin Islands, continental United States,
or Porto Rico on February 25, 1927.
(b)
All natives of the Virgin Islands who were residing in the Virgin Islands
of the United States on January 17, 1917, and in the Virgin Islands, continental
United States, or Porto Rico on Februarv 25, 1927.
Government House, Christiansted, St. Croix
(c)
All natives of the Virgin Islands who were residing in continental United
States on January 17, 1917, but in the Virgin Islands on February 25, 1927.
Natives of the Virgin Islands who were residing in the United States on Jan-
uary 17, 1917, and on February 25, 1927, were given the privilege of naturaliza-
tion within one year on petition, without the necessity of making a declaration
of intention.
This privilege was also accorded to all aliens who were residing in
the Virgin Islands on both dates named above.
This act also conferred upon
the
district court
of the Virgin
Islands the power to naturalize
aliens in the
Virgin Islands.
Under local law the franchise
is extended only to such males of 25 years of
age or over as have a total income of at least $300 a year or a property income
of $60 a year in St. Croix, or of $140 a year in St. Thomas.
The economic status
of the people will be seen from the fact that less than 10 per cent of the 22,000
people were qualified to vote at the last elections.
Some council members are
elected by less than a score of voters.
The
law.—The act
of Congress of March
3,
1917,
specifically continued
in
effect all local laws in effect at the time of the transfer of the islands from Den-
mark to the United States, and not incompatible with the changed sovereignty.
10
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Taxation.
Import
taxes range from
6
per
rent
in
St.
Thomas
to
15
per
(
. r|]
,
J,,
St.
Croix.
This obviously makes
it
necessary for
all shipments to the
I
Qited States from the islands be considered as from a foreign port unless
it be
established
thai
such shipments are of Virgin Islands origin or that not over 20
per cenl
of foreign goods enters into their fabricated value.
CHAPTER
III
BANKING
Banking
and financial
condition.—Except for a
small
savings bank
in
St.
Croix, the banking operations
of the Virgin Islands are conducted entirely by
the
National
Bank
of the Danish West
Indies, which was established
in
the
islands
in 1904, and which holds an exclusive charter for the right to issue cur-
rency
until
1934.
This local currency
is based on francs and
bits.
One hun-
dred bits equals
1 franc, and 5 francs are equivalent to $1.04 United States cur-
rency.
The total deposits of the National Bank of the Danish West Indies as
of September 30, 1931, were Frcs. 6,573,576, of which Frcs. 4,276,193 were sav-
ings deposits,
Frcs.
1,457,822 were checking accounts, and
Frcs.
829,561 were
time deposits.
For the transfer of funds to and from the United States and Europe, the local
post office is a considerable factor.
During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931,
the local post office issued 19,213 money orders to a total value of $318,037.13,
and this post office also cashed 4,393 money orders to a total value of $62,819.13.
On the 30th of June, 1931, the National Bank of the Danish West Indies had
out in loans against mortgages in real estate $111,507 and against personal and
other securities $121,628.
The municipality of St. Croix had out real estate and
crop loans to the amount of $196,335 while the municipality of St. Thomas and
St. John had out similar loans to the value of $62,776.
The total taxes assessed
during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1931, amounted to $206,814 plus harbor
charges of $30,045.
It
is of importance to note that out of 22,000 inhabitants
only 102 have sufficient income to require the payment of Federal income tax and
that such total taxes for the calendar year 1930 amounted to $23,894.35.
No word on the financial condition of the islands is complete without the em-
phasis of two factors.
The first is that mortgages and loans, bank and municipal,
are somewhat frozen by the steady economic decline during the past years and the
consequent reduction
of incomes, property
values, and opportunities
for
sale.
The second is that the National Bank of the Danish West Indies, which has well
served the islands for many years, has, of right and necessity, during recent years,
been compelled to gradually limit its scope and character of operations in anticipa-
tion of its withdrawal in 1934.
In consequence of these two factors moneys avail-
able for commercial and mortgage loans are very limited, and the securities avail-
able for such loans are greatly reduced.
CHAPTER IV
AGRICULTURE
Summary.—The agricultural conditions and problems are discussed in detail
in a subsequent chapter devoted to the economic conditions prevailing in each
island, but a general summary of agriculture is presented here.
The ruggedness of St. Thomas and St. John, together with the fact that St.
Thomas had for centuries been supported by its harbor, have until now discour-
aged horticultural development and obviated any great need for
it.
There are
many lands, however, less suited for agriculture that are being extensively and
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
11
104167°—32
3
12
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
profitably
cultivated.
Because of topography, commercial cultivation of citrus
and other tropical fruits
is not practical, but any or all of them can be grown and
the most
of ihcm are grown.
At the present time, however, most fruits can be
imported from the commercial producers in Porto Rico for less than the price
charged by
local growers.
That extreme condition, however, is only temporary.
Approximately the same situation to a lesser extent exists also with regard to
vegetables.
The sun's direct rays in the summer, the low rainfall, the lack of
streams, and the scarcity of wells make it difficult to grow vegetables to advan-
tage in the summer time, but during the fall and winter months there is an ample
supply.
Experimental shipments
of tomatoes,
onions,
peppers, and eggplant
have been made from all three islands with the varying success that always at-
tends long-distance shipments of perishable goods to a big market without having
direct contact with the ultimate consumer.
an inner Court, St. Thomas
On St. Croix there are thousands of acres of level rolling land wonderfully suited
for fruits and vegetables except for the uncertainty of water, and there is hope of
overcoming that handicap
if recent successes with the driving of shallow wells
continue.
As on the other islands, however, there has been no extensive cultiva-
tion of fruits or vegetables beyond that required for local consumption.
Condi-
tions as a whole have been so much more favorable for cane and cattle that the
land and the money have been applied in those directions.
Vegetable growing
and fruit growing are, however, on the increase, and the homesteading about to be
inaugurated
will further stimulate their
cultivation.
The growing season
for
vegetables in the Virgin Islands begins in September and green produce can be
started into the New York market by the middle of December.
With direct
boats making a trip north in five days it is reasonable expectation for a cooperative
organization to grow produce for the northern winter market and successfully
compete.
The large landowners' lack of interest and the small farmers' and
squatters' lack of money and inability to take the risk are paramount factors in
this situation.
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
13
CHAPTER V
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
General.—The economic problems of the islands and their people are serious
and difficult of solution.
The mainstays—cane and commerce—have been hard
hit by the purely natural course of events.
Cattle grazing has advanced but
employs almost no labor.
Soil, unreliable rainfall, high evaporation, and topog-
raphy make horticulture difficult and uncertain; and distance from markets adds
to
its handicaps.
Industries that must meet the competition of mass machine
production are largely impractical in the Virgin Islands, but some of them—em-
broidery, sewing, etc.—look promising.
So also does the preparation of certain
canned specialties and the manufacture of certain novelties for special class mar-
West from Bluebeard castle, St. Thomas
kets.
Developments will, however, be retarded by many handicaps and peculiar
inhibitions that need not here be enumerated.
The problems of the three larger
islands are all difficult and entirely different in character.
The other 50 islands,
more or
less, have no problems since they are merely uncultivatable and un-
inhabited volcanic cays jutting up here and there from the sea.
The economic
picture of each island shown separately may be interesting.
St. Thomas.—This island, second in
size,
is about 14 miles long and 2 miles
wide, and about 7,500
of
its 10,000 population
is centered in the town of
St.
Thomas (formerly called Charlotte Amalie), terraced on the hillsides that rise
sharply from its excellent bay to buttress the mountain behind them.
This bay
is the key to the past and present economic position of St. Thomas.
Through the
days of discovery, exploration, conquest, colonization, buccaneering, slavery, and
commercial development, this harbor was for centuries the natural port of call
for sailers and later steamers.
Here shipping lanes
crossed.
Here ships later
14
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
found cable connections with all parts of the world, and coal, food, and water for
replenishment.
Here they unloaded cargoes for transshipment in every direction
and picked up others in exchange.
But with the passage of time large ships have replaced smaller ones; and coal
and
<»il
have
supplanted
sail.
Refrigeration
has
largely
eliminated
the food
problems
of
ships,
while
condensers now
afford
fresh water from
salt.
The
win less gives ships their constant contacts with the world wherever they may be.
Foreign countries have developed other West Indian island ports and support
them by patronage and subsidies.
The former great need for St. Thomas has,
therefore, been materially lessened by science and commercial competition, and
nothing has come to take the place of the shipping that gave
it birth,
life, and
prosperity, though
its service
is as available as ever, and better.
This decline
has been progressing steadily for many years.
Villa Olga, St. Thomas
The West India Co.
(Ltd.) has here a deep-water dock 3,000 feet long, with
warehouses,
oil and water tanks, coal cranes, machine shops, and every facility
except a dry dock for the servicing of ships.
This company employs most of the
employed labor of St. Thomas, and has done so for years.
The bay-rum industry, for which St. Thomas is most widely known, has spread
its name throughout
the
world with much
resultant good
will.
An annual
average of 32,000 gallons of bay rum were exported during the 10 years 1910-1919;
an annual average
of 82,000 gallons for the
10 years 1920-1929, and
138,000
gallons for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1931.
This industry employs about
100 people in the process from bay tree to packing case.
Any
industrial
expectation
or any
industrial development must
take
into
account the location, the topography, the climate, and the
soil of the islands,
together with the background and character of
its inhabitants and the small!
scattered population of the
islands.
St. Thomas affords no large cultivatableij
areas, and neither fruits nor vegetables can be produced and shipped to compete
with quantity production of larger and
better adapted
areas; but
jellies, jams,
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
15
and tropical preserves of highly specialized character, afford a
definite oppor-
tunity that
is being gradually developed.
Most of the area of St. Thomas
is
given over to cattle grazing for the local meat and dairy market and for export
to Porto Rico.
Though the seas abound in
fish there are no great schools or
fishing banks, the fish are migratory and of widely varied character.
Lobsters
Charcoal Boats at Fortola Wharf, st. Thomas
(langustae) are being supplied to the ships that call at St. Thomas.
Live turtles
are shipped to the States and a canning plant
is producing and shipping to the
United States and the surrounding islands an excellent and inexpensive grade of
turtle soup, which will soon be supplemented with other related products.
Nat
i ve
women do excellent handwork, embroidery, lace making, and basketry, and there
is prospect of the early establishment of specialized industries along that line.
16
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Everything musl
be planned from a specialized standpoint both in production
and marketing, since mass production and mass marketing are out of the question.
St. John.— This
island,
which
is nearly as large as
St. Thomas and located
only
3 miles east across
Pillsbury Sound,
is truly virgin.
Strange to say
it has
qo urgenl economic problem.
There
is not a wagon road on
it, and only horse-
luck
1 rails wind <»ver its mountains, along its shores, and through its small, deep
densely forested valleys.
The spurs of its steep mountains jut into the turquoise
sea, Leaving innumerable bays edged with beautiful white beaches that are inva-
riably
fringed with
tropical
trees.
The intense and varied colors
of the water
surrounding all of the islands seem most beautiful here.
Two little settlements, Cruz Bay and Coral Bay, mark the western and eastern
ends of St. .John and account for about 100 of its 750 inhabitants, only 6 of whom
are
while.
On
this island, once widely cultivated by
slaves, the natives now
eke out their living on little garden plots amid the forests, and by picking bay
Leaves, burning charcoal to sell in St. Thomas, and by catching a few fish.
Having
less than the people of the other islands and living
still more primitively, these
people are, however, happier because they are more independent and are largely
isolated from the causes of discontent.
St. John
is unquestionably the gem of
the Virgin Islands, yet few people have ever seen it.
Some day its ruined estates
will be restored; some day
St. John will be discovered by a few men who want
to find unspoiled beauty and true isolation only five days from New York, but
yet a million miles removed from its noise, its mad whirl, and its futile pressure.
Here sport fishing
is at its best; for motor boat or sail,
it is ideal; for beautiful
saddle trails it is unexcelled.
St. Croix (Santa Cruz).—This island may be seen to the south from St. Thomas
most any day across 40 miles of rough Caribbean blue.
This, the largest of the
Virgins, is latticed with fair roads throughout its 20-mile length and 5-mile width.
A new highway is being reconstructed between the towns of Frederiksted (2,000
population) on the west coast and Christiansted
(3,000 population), which
lies
on a beautiful coral-bound bay on the north shore, 15 miles to the east.
From
the mountains that rise abruptly along its northern shore to the low-lying coast
on the south, throughout its length may be seen the old ruins of former prosperous
sugar estates, topping each rolling
hill.
Around many
of these the luxuriant
cane still grows, for this island still depends for its life upon sugar; but less than
5,000 cane acres now remain of the 18,000 once given over to its cultivation, and
only one mill of 250 tons capacity now remains of the three that ground 1,100
tons daily but a few years ago.
The tremendous increase in the world's cane and
beet acreage, and
the consequent
low
r price
of
sugar, have made
it
difficult,
though not impossible, to continue profitable production of sugar on St. Croix,
with its uncertain rainfall and its low acre yield.
Long-staple cotton was once grown
extensively and very
profitably on
St.
Croix, but the ravages of the pink boll worm destroyed this industry for which
soil and climate are unusually well suited, and to which its labor is well adapted.
After many years of no cultivation a survey during the past year
(1931)
dis-
closed that the pest still survives in the few wild cotton plants that have persisted
through from the time of cultivation.
A thorough clean-up of all wild cotton
and other latent host plants has been completed and
will be repeated during
the coming year, with
the
expectation
of resuming cotton planting
in
1933
under a program of "clean culture" and control methods prescribed and super-
vised by the Department of Agriculture.
But here again comes the matter of
money, and outside interests will doubtless acquire much of the land while the
municipality will have to finance the planting of most of the cotton.
Of the 51,000 acres of land on St. Croix, 41,000 are now given over to cattle
grazing as the least costly and least hazardous use to which it can be put.
These
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
17
18
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
acres suppori about 15,000 animals, chiefly cattle.
Some dairy stock
is raised,
bul
the
Local market for dairy products is limited by the community's size and
income,
while
production does not allow
export
competition.
Cattle,
there-
for.-, arc bred largely for the beef market or cane fields of Porto Rico, where St.
Croix working bulls bring a premium and can be readily spotted among the oxen
that make cane production possible.
Withal,
the reasonably successful
cattle
industry of St. Croix does little to lessen its economic problem, for it uses 80 per
cent of the land of the island and employs only 3 per cent of
its labor.
Further,
grazing land pays only one-third the acre tax that
is imposed upon cane land,
while sugar pays an additional tax
(export)
of $6 a ton.
There
is a
definite
penalty put upon the cultivation of land, which may have been proper during
the days of sugar's great prosperity, but not now.
It is also of economic import
Modern Market, Bank
in background, St. Thomas
that 80 per cent of the land in cattle is owned by about a score of men, while a
dozen more at most own practically all the rest of the land, outside of the two
small towns.
Recognizing
this
situation, a rehabilitation plan formulated by the United
States Bureau of Efficiency and approved by the Congress of the United States
provided for the inauguration of a homesteading program to settle some hun-
dreds
of families upon good
fertile land that they might acquire by purchase
upon demonstration of their willingness and ability to make proper use of
it.
The appropriation also makes funds available for cooperation in the purchase
of equipment.
Several years ago an industrial alcohol plant was started near Frederiksted,
St. Croix, under Government license and supervision.
In addition to industrial
alcohol
it
produces
extracts,
insecticides,
bay
rum,
etc.
This
industry
has
possibilities of definite expansion.
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
19
Fishing on St. Croix, as on St. Thomas and St. John, is not an industry in the
ordinary sense of the word, because it is not centralized either in operation or in
marketing.
The surrounding seas abound in fish of many varieties, yet fishing
is carried on only for personal or local consumption.
CHAPTER
VI
LIVING CONDITIONS AND ACCOMMODATIONS
Previous reference has been made to climate, temperature, and sanitation, and
that
will not be repeated except to emphasize that they are
all that could be
desired.
Climate has such a definite relationship to clothing that
it need only
be pointed out that tropical garments are essential to comfort—light summer
fabrics
(chiefly cotton)
for women and cotton and linen suits for men.
White
canvas shoes with leather soles are preferable for both men and women.
Social
life is of a moderate and simple character.
A Fisherman's Home, St. Thomas
On St. Thomas and St. Croix there are several well-run, clean, and comfortable
boarding houses of the "pension" type, but the only hotel is the Grand Hotel at
St. Thomas, built a number of years ago, and just recently very much improved.
This hotel is separated from the bay only by a small park, and its second-story
dining balcony commands a beautiful view out over both.
Its rooms are large,
high ceilinged, airy, and simply furnished.
There are also available a good selec-
tion of semifinished houses and bungalows at reasonable rates.
" Semifurnished"
houses means,
in the Virgin
Islands, that the house has what furniture
is
re-
quired (many have more), but no linen or silver.
However, these latter items
may be arranged for.
The St. Thomas Improvement Association has set up a service bureau to find
suitable living quarters for those interested, and the Department of Industry, a
government bureau, at St. Thomas,
is also ready to assist in any practical way.
The stores, particularly in St. Thomas, carry extensive stocks of merchandise
that will meet all normal requirements.
Each
of the three
cities
in the Virgin Islands has
its government
hospital,
staffed by highly trained medical men and women, and the facilities and methods
are modern
in every respect.
Good dentists, trained
in northern colleges, are
available; also an experienced optician.
20
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
CHAPTER VII
RECREATION
Sports and amusements.—Except for the talkies twice a week and an occasional
dance a1 the hotel or the tennis club, the recreations of the Virgin Islands are all
outdoors.
On St. Croix there is wide use for a motor car; on St. John there is none; and
on St. Thomas the need is constant though the range of travel is limited.
Taxi
service is available at about the price prevailing in New York, and cars may be
rented for whatever term
is desired.
The cars are nearly all small ones, mostly
of one popular make.
They can be rented for a couple of months for much less
than the cost of transporting a car from the States.
Horseback riding holds endless opportunities not only for the natural thrill of
that sport but also for exploring the islands where the motor car can not go and
Fort Christian, St. Thomas (Built in
1671)
where natural and primitive conditions are most interesting.
This is particularly
true of St. Thomas and St. John, which are decidedly rugged and where roads are
few on the one and nonexistent on the other.
Your horse will take you into deep,
dense valleys, to beaches not otherwise to be reached, and to mountain tops where
you may look down upon the Atlantic and the Caribbean, dotted in every direc-
tion with rugged islands upon which the sea breaks eternally.
St. Croix holds
just as much opportunity for horseback riding, but most of the island can be
reached by motor car.
Swimming is, as everywhere, the most popular form of recreation and exercise.
The beaches are not
developed by concessionaires, nor bordered by pavilions;
but the warm, buoyant blue water rolls in gently onto white sand just as it must
have done in the time of Columbus.
The only changes are the diving floats and
the bathhouses which the beach clubs of
St. Thomas and Frederiksted have set
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
21
in among the palm trees.
Bathing is the regular afternoon function of the local
colonies the year round, and
it
is a marked part also of the native life.
The golfer will find a picturesque nine-hole course in St. Thomas laid out
in a
small valley between the mountains and the sea, with both in
full view.
The
course looks easy but is not.
It is well kept and only 2 miles from town.
As on
most southern courses, the "greens" are brown sand.
The standard charge for
caddies
is 20 cents for nine holes, and fees are 50 cents a day or $5 a month.
Both St. Thomas and St. Croix have their tennis clubs, where courts and "ball
boys" are at your service for a very small fee.
Sport fishing has not been pursued here sufficiently to develop the art and
business of "guiding" or the special fishing boat such as is found in Florida, but
there are a hundred
skilled market fishermen,
scores
of
sail boats and a few
power boats, and an untold quantity and variety of fish throughout the Virgin
Islands' waters; and over on St. John is a fishing club which sees many week-end
fishing parties, for there are many Waltonians.
Visiting fishermen will find ample
facilities for enjoyment of the sport.
The most commonly caught fish on troll is the barracuda, which in these waters
so abound as to be a nuisance at times, for they too frequently cut off other fish
that have been hooked.
Their average weight
is perhaps 15 pounds, but are
occasionally caught up to 40 and 50 pounds.
Tarpon,
locally called bass, are
taken occasionally.
Kingfish running from 10 to 30 pounds are fairly plentiful
at seasons, while the various members of the carang family and the bonito are the
most common next to the barracuda.
Those who
prefer
stillfishing may
collect
a
veritable
bouquet
of
colorful
fish—yellowtail,
Spanish
angel,
grunt,
butterfish,
olewives,
snapper,
etc.—and
there are places on projecting rocks where fish may be seen by the hundreds and
where one has to be fast to get his fish out before a larger one tears him off.
Except for hand-line fishing and metal spoons, proper tackle
is not obtainable
here.
Rods,
reels,
fine lines (up to 18 thread), leaders,
etc., should be brought
along.
Do not rely on ordinary piano wire, for it rusts and breaks too quickly.
Stainless-steel spring wire seems to be best.
For the artist there is in the Virgin Islands an endless world of beautiful scenes
and wonderful
character
studies.
One who has never
before painted
in
the
Tropics
will find here new lights, new colors, and new compositions; and
if he
specializes on portraits he will not want for a variety of models for pictures that
will stand out in any exhibition.
A noted academician leaving here with more
than 50 canvasses declared that he must return
for some of the hundreds of
pictures he had missed.
Transportation.—The Furness Withy Co. runs one steamer a month
direct to
St. Thomas and St. Croix during eight months of the year, and two steamers a
month during the winter season.
The Munson Line does the same, and their
schedules alternate.
The Bull-Insular steamer Catherine connects for St. Thomas
at San Juan, Porto
Rico, with other boats of her line to Baltimore and New
York, and with the weekly
service
of the New York-Porto Rico
Line.
The
direct
route
requires only
five days and the
indirect route takes eight days,
including a 3-day stop-over in San Juan, Porto Rico.
22
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Appendix
A
Temperature and rainfall
The year
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
N'ovcmber
December
St.
Croix
(Chris-
tiansted)
A verage
tempera-
ture for
28 years
(°F.)
re. 3
76.6
76.3
76.8
78.3
79.9
81.0
81.5
82.0
81.7
80.8
79.3
77.5
A verage
rainfall
for 28
years
(inches)
47. 56
2.32
1.93
1.22
2.91
4.49
4.61
3.94
4.49
5.75
6.02
5.71
4.17
St. Thomas
Average
tempera-
ture for
3 years
(°F.)
M.O
80.2
78.4
78.0
79.5
79.5
80.6
82.9
83.3
83.8
84.0
83.3
81.9
Average
rainfall
for
10
years
(inches)
38. 23
2.87
2.24
.75
2.56
1.50
2.
3.35
2.32
2.
5.
6.42
4.41
Appendix B
Rainfall
(St. Thomas)
Fiscal year
Inches
Fiscal year
Inches
Fiscal year
Inches
1917-18
-
38. 85
42. 50
51.77
47.41
41.91
1922-23
33.99
41.35
51.59
40.98
48.47
1927-28
1928-29
53.71
1918-19
1923-24
60.49
1919-20
1924-25
1929-30
34.50
1920-21
1925-26
1930-31
53.91
1921-22
1926-27
Appendix C
Rainfall
(St. Croix)
Year
Inches
Year
Inches
Year
Inches
1900
45H
67
61
45
37
53
56
38
45
52
43
1911
45H
37
39
37H
65 Vi
59
39
46
51 V2
34 H>
30
1922
.
26}4
33
1901-
1912
1913
1914
1915..
1923..
1902
1924
39H
1903
1925
52
1904...
1926
39
1905
1916...
1927
48^i
1906-.
1917
1918
1928
1929
43
1907...
60
1908
1919
1920.
.
1930
39
1909...
1931
49
1910
1921
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Appendix D
Sugar production and exportation statistics
23
Fiscal year
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903-
1904-_
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931 estimated at close-
Acres
taxed
for cane
16, 298
16, 441
16, 428
15, 820
15, 704
15, 194
15, 068
13, 986
13, 550
14, 007
13, 901
13,710
13, 397
12, 744
11, 898
12, 474
12, 220
12, 627
12, 718
12, 498
12, 847
11,854
9,662
9,014
9,208
9,585
9,196
9,250
8,240
8, 135
Rainfall
(inches)
45.1
,
67
(SI
45
37
53
56
38
45
52
43
45} 2
37
39
37? 2
65} 2
59
39
46
5VA
34} 2
30
26M
33
39}
52
39
4N=<
43
60
39
49
Total sugar
crop
(short tons)
8,614
15, 111
15, 937
9,419
11, 231
4,978
8,541
7,940
4,859
6,444
7,516
7,209
4,831
4,203
3,653
3,037
15, 334
7,725
5,841
9,723
13, 329
C
1
)
6,345
1,948
2,385
10, 653
6,343
6,860
11, 275
2,825
1, 800
Total value of
crop
Total sugar
exported
(short tons)
$395,
553,
357,
712,
1, 108,
533,
809,
600,
375,
500,
773,
681,
372,
308,
299,
280,
1,901,
1, 054,
1, 429,
4, 086,
2
1, 791,
2 549,
2 618,
2 191,
2 464,
2 942,
2 462,
1, 007,
258,
543. 00
639. 00
850. 00
057.00
524.00
177.00
836. 00
301.00
326. 00
734. 00
383. 00
227. 00
884. 00
903. 00
154. 00
817.00
121.00
428. 00
105. 00
244. 00
671.00
549. 65
833. 76
781.00
187. 97
544. 78
281. 97
862. 82
579. 58
086. 53
118,000.00
8,184
14, 520
14, 624
17, 354
11,665
13, 856
6,281
12, 190
5,834
2,010
5,505
5,332
5, 016
3,032
6,432
5,293
15, 000
6,000
5, 400
9,000
12,000
4,700
6,275
5,940
1,466
4,763
11, 228
5,166
8,497
8,004
5,372
4,643
1 Not available.
2 Total value of crop for these years not available.
Figures given represent the value of sugar exported.
It will be noted that in some years the amount exported
is greater than
the
amount produced.
This
is on account of the fact that the fiscal year ends June
30, whereas the sugar crop for one year may not be sold until the next fiscal year;
i.
e., after June 30.
Because of this the figures vary somewhat, in certain years,
between the crop produced and the sugar exported.
Appendix E
Birth rate and death rate, Virgin Islands
Year
Birth
rate
Death
rate
Year
Birth
rate
Death
rate
Year
Birth
rate
Death
rate
1910
32.4
28.9
28.3
29.5
29.6
26.1
26.9
34.7
36.2
37.3
36.7
36.2
31.0
29.0
1917
24.6
26.1
29.1
29.9
27.9
28.0
24.8
41.5
28.4
20.7
25.0
25.4
25.3
24.5
1924
25.4
24.3
23.5
21.2
21.7
19.0
26.9
23.1
1911
1918
1919
1920
1921
-
1925
19.2
1912
1926
19.1
1913
1927
22.8
1914._
1928
25.1
1915
1922
1929
20.5
1916
1923
1930
22.0
24
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Appendix F
Censuses of Virgin Islands
St. Thomas
St. Croix
St. John
Year
Males
Females
Total
Males
Females
Total
Males
Females
Total
1835
5,895
5,181
5,280
5, 536
5, 091
5,439
8,127
7,595
7,793
8, 130
7, 469
8,024
14, 022
12, 776
13, 073
13,666
12, 560
13, 463
14, 007
14, 389
12, 019
11,012
10, 678
10, 191
8,826
9,834
12, 365
11,713
10, 932
10, 834
10, 229
10, 485
14, 316
13, 911
13, 133
12,886
12, 633
12, 709
26,681
25, 624
24,065
23, 720
22, 862
23, 194
22, 760
18, 430
19, 783
18, 590
15, 467
14, 901
11,118
11,413
1,220
1,274
1, 184
1, 079
814
760
1,255
1,281
1,266
1,149
901
814
2, 475
1
1841
2, 555
IMr,
2, 450
1850
2, 228
1855
1,7151
1860
1, 574
1
|S7(!
1,054
ISM)
944fl
1890-
4, 627
4, 339
4,495
4,357
7,392
6,673
6,183
5,834
9,535
9,258
7,563
7,133
10,248
9, 332
7, 904
7,768
517
445
450
509
467
480
491
450
984
1901
925|
I'.'l
i
'.Ml
1917
<)59
1927
i
7841
1930
765
Total. Virgin Islands
Year
Males
Females
Total
Year
Males
Females
Total
1835
19, 480
18, 168
17, 396
17,449
16, 134
16, 684
17, 284
23, 698
22, 787
22, 192
22, 165
21, 003
21,547
20, 537
43, 178
40, 955
39, 588
39, 614
37, 137
38, 231
37, 821
1880-
14, 889
14, 679
14,042
12, 508
11, 999
18, 874
18, 107
16, 485
14, 578
14, 052
33,763
32, 786
30, 527
27, 086
26, 051
20,728
22, 012
IMI
1890
1901.--
1846
1850
1911
1917
1927
i
1 S55
|S<i()
1870
1930
i The figures for the year 1927 represent the result of an informal house-to-house enumeration of the inhab-
itants of the Virgin Islands.
Appendix G
Bay rum
Fiscal year
Gallons
sold and
exported
Fiscal year
Gallons
sold and
exported
Fiscal year
Gallons
sold and
exported
1909-10
15, 866
19, 975
8,068
13, 650
15, 399
14, 107
32, 839
47, 208
1917-18
1918-19
1919-20
28, 719
52, 519
89, 105
79, 415
73, 859
65, 524
74, 574
79, 730
1925-26
1926-27
1927-28
85,148
74, 277
91,628
91,112
108, 182
138, 065
1910-11
1911-12
1912-13
1920-21
1928-29
1913-14
1921-22
1929-30
1914-15
1922-23
1930-31
.
1915-16
1923-24
1916-17
1924-25
-
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
25
Appendix H
Cattle exported from the Virgin Islands
Year
St. Thomas
St. Croix
Total
Number
Value
Number
Value
Number
Value
1920
_______
-
-
_
75
77
263
953
486
205
673
746
516
430
588
$2, 010
4,821
5,941
20, 381
10,411
10, 995
27, 823
11,211
23, 543
29, 425
23, 882
1,298
440
1,302
1,166
868
341
1,099
1,263
1,145
919
1,225
$66, 847
17, 586
73, 529
72, 743
32, 029
19, 986
44, 539
53, 006
56, 270
56, 531
61, 175
1,373
517
1,565
2,119
1, 354
546
1,772
2,009
1,661
1,349
1, 813
$68, 857
22, 407
1921
1922
------
79, 470
93, 124
42, 440
1923
1924
1925
30, 981
72, 362
1926
1927
64, 217
1928
79, 813
1929
85, 956
1930
85, 057
Appendix
I
Acreage of all lands in St. Croix
Year
Cane
acreage
Cotton
acreage
Pasture
acreage
Useless-
land
acreage
Total
1909
14, 007
13, 901
13, 710
13, 398
12,744
11, 898
12, 474
12, 220
12, 627
12, 718
12, 498
12, 847
11,854
9,662
9,014
9,208
9,586
9,196
9,250
9,148
8, 135
5,500
1,421
1,705
1,662
1,999
2,147
1,439
408
55
62
182
177
450
14
31, 255
31. 098
31, 362
31,351
31,867
33, 423
33, 878
34, 484
34, 072
33, 973
34, 269
33, 648
35, 052
37, 258
37, 737
37, 687
37, 401
37, 789
37, 737
37, 950
38, 896
41, 500
4,744
4, 724
4,693
4,679
4,669
4,667
4,667
4,668
4,666
4,554
4,483
4,483
4, 508
4,508
4,508
4,447
4,447
4,447
4,447
4,337
4,397
4,500
51, 427
1910
51 428
1911
-.-.
51, 427
1912
51, 427
1913
1914
1915
51, 427
51, 427
51 427
1916
51, 427
51, 427
1917
1918
51 427
1919
51, 427
51, 428
51 428
1920
1921
1922
51, 428
1923
169
100
2
27
25
51, 428
1924
51 442
1925
51, 436
1926
51 459
1927
.
51 459
1928
51, 435
51 428
1929-
.
1931 (about)...
51, 500
Note.— 1927 figures are estimated.
Appendix J
Sugar exported from St. Croix
Fiscal year
Frederiksted
Christian-
sted
Total
United
States tons
(short)
Export
duty
(gross)
1917-18
Pounds
14,913,285
11,947,926
16, 512, 087
6, 126, 700
12, 389, 080
9, 227, 420
2, 538, 120
8, 436, 983
16, 824, 293
8, 830, 500
14, 373, 142
16, 008, 175
10, 655, 000
9, 287, 000
Pounds
4, 266, 187
3, 609, 250
4, 588, 227
3, 662, 360
160, 760
2, 740, 260
393, 760
1, 088, 500
5, 631, 750
1, 502, 250
2, 670, 250
Pounds
19, 179, 472
15, 557, 176
21, 100, 314
9, 789, 060
12, 549, 840
11,967,680
2, 931, 880
9, 525, 483
22, 456, 043
10, 332, 750
16, 993, 392
16, 008, 175
10, 655, 000
9, 287, 000
9, 589. 74
7, 778. 59
10, 500. 16
4, 894. 53
6, 274. 92
5, 983. 84
1, 465. 94
4, 762. 74
11,228.02
5, 166. 37
8, 496. 69
8, 004. 09
5, 372. 50
4, 643. 50
$76, 717. 92
1918-19
62, 228. 72
1919-20
84,001.28
1920-21
39, 156. 24
1921-22
50, 199. 36
1922-23
47, 870. 72
1923-24
11,727.52
1924-25
38,101.92
1925-26
89,824.
L6
1926-27
37,301. 19
1927-28
53,019.38
1928-29
49, 944. 36
1929-30
33, 524. 40
1930-31
28, 975. 44
26
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Appendix K
Types of fish caught
in
Virgin Island waters {according to local terminology)
OCEAN OK DEEP SEA FISH THAT ARE FOUND ON THE SURFACE
Ocean gar.
Barracuda.
Hone
fish.
( '.runt.
Cutlass gar.
Abrecca.
Bass (tarpon).
Snooks.
Kingfish.
Dolphin.
Chub.
Ballahou.
Spanish mackerel.
Salmon.
Sanite.
Grass fish.
NET OR SEINING FISH
Karang.
Sand cuvalley.
Alewives.
Sprat.
Frys.
Sweet fry.
Queen mullet.
Norse eyed.
Leather coat.
Mulatto cuvalley.
Ballahou.
Bonito.
Spark head fry.
Jacks.
Hard nose.
Black jack.
Schuballys.
Pinchers.
Yellow tail.
Laggerhead fry.
Anchovey.
Green back.
Herrings.
High head cuvalley
Cobbler cuvalley.
Amber cuvalley.
Nav cuvalley.
Mullet.
FISH CAUGHT IN POTS
Dog teeth snapper.
Mutton grouper.
Gremanic grouper.
Yellow hinds.
Yellow grunt.
Margate.
White margate.
Sheephead shellfish.
Red guttu.
Mackaw guttu.
Sling parrot guttu.
Black doctor fish.
Bastard angel fish.
Goat fish.
Tacks-tacks.
Gold lace fish.
Red blare eved.
Cat fish.
Sting ray.
Jew fish.
Hairy gut shellfish.
Spanish hog fish.
Mange snapper.
Pet snapper.
Burnt tail snapper.
Red snapper.
Hog fish.
Red mouth margate.
Honey shellfish.
Bastard hog fish.
Blue guttu.
Black knight guttu.
Doctor fish.
Angel fish.
Pig fish.
Redman fish.
Wipsters.
Yellow tail.
Flat blare eyed.
Suck fish.
Plate fish.
Whitening fish.
Guinea bird shellfish.
Rock fish grouper.
Rock hinds.
White grunt.
Ivory grunt.
Spanish hog fish.
Nugent porge.
Roundhead shellfish.
Rainbow guttu.
White guttu.
Sago guttu.
Blue doctor fish.
Swede angel fish.
Shoemaker old wife.
Wenchman fish.
Red silk fish.
Bon kanaps.
Round robbins.
Sun fish.
Silver fish.
Butter fish.
GENERAL INFORMATION" REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
27
Appendix L
Number of deaths and death rates from all causes
(exclusive of stillbirths) per 1,000
population in the Virgin Islands and each island
Calendar year
Annual average
1911-1917.
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1918-1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
Virgin Islands
Num-
ber of
deaths
Din
744
;,Ki
652
r,r,
i
658
651
639
601
.-,01
I! 19
594
654
533
1M
Death
rate
35.4
28.4
20.7
25
25.4
25.3
25
24.5
23.1
19.2
19.1
22.8
25.1
20.5
22
St. Croix
Num-
ber of
deaths
581.
477
352
459
422
418
425.
387
361
270
303
354
396
320
298
Death
rate
38.3
32
23.6
30.8
28.3
28.1
28.6
26
24.2
18.1
20.3
23.8
26.6
21.5
26.1
St. Thomas
Num-
ber of
deaths
338.7
248
176
185
220
223
210.4
240
221
224
186
236
251
205
180
Death
rate
32.5
24.3
17.3
18.2
21.6
21.9
20.7
23.6
21.7
22
18.3
23.2
24.6
20.1
18.3
St. John
Num-
ber of
deaths
Death
rate
19.7
19.8
12.5
8.3
19.8
17.7
15.6
12.5
19.8
7.3
10.4
4.2
7.3
8.3
7.8
Appendix M
School attendance in the Virgin Islands
Fiscal year
1917-18.
,
1922-23.
1923-24.
1924-25.
St.
Thomas
2, 136
1,817
1,918
1,371
St.
John
253
201
207
190
St.
Croix
2, 502
2,044
2,024
1,454
Total
4,891
4, 062
4,149
3. 015
Fiscal year
1925-26
1926-27
1930-31
St.
St.
St.
Thomas
John
Croix
1,423
182
1,459
1,400
196
1,487
1,596
153
1,383
Total
3, 064
3,083
3, 132
Appendix N
Department of education budgets
[In Danish West Indian dollars]
Year
Salaries
Equipment
Mainte-
nance
Total
1910-11
18, 100. 00
1911-12
15,637.00
1912-13
17, 756. 00
1913-14
..
17, 109. 60
1914-15
17, 379. 20
1915-16
17, 161.20
1916-17
16,932.00
1917-18
..
19, 506. 00
1918-19
39, 600. 00
43, 040. 00
48, 620. 00
77, 750. 00
77,180.00
82,192.00
77, 259. 33
71, 727. 03
71,862.40
42, 095. 20
43, 955. 20
44, 755. 20
49, 913. 20
2, 025. 00
8, 960. 00
12,620.00
13, 000. 00
1, 250. 00
800. 00
927. 72
3,441.00
634. 82
1, 000. 00
600. 00
300. 00
300. 00
12,342.00
11,000.00
12,300.00
11,740.00
16, 230. 00
21, 290. 00
15,463.32
14, 992. 80
11,221.14
8, 803. 00
10,603.00
10,603.00
10, 603. 00
53, 967. 00
1919-20
63, 000. 00
1920-21
1921-22
73.510.(11)
102, 490. 00
1922-23
94,660.00
1923-24
104, 282. 00
1924-25
93, 650. 37
1925-26
90, 160.83
1926-27
83,718.36
1928-29
51, ViV 20
1929-30
.
:<:<,
L58. 20
1930-31
:,:,,
i\:,^
20
1931-32
60,816.20
28
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Appendix O
Bunker-coal imports
ST. TIIOM \S
5fear
Tons
Value
Year
Tons
Value
21,579
15,346
12,531
23. 720
16, 166
4, 970
61,325
$133,037
105, 162
402, 973
131,897
84, 873
279, 872
295, 441
1925
44, 019
..
85,181
$199, 140
1926
-
;
511.390
1927
__ 98,811
625, 285
1928
148. 995
143, 900
92,200
643, 743
1929
633. 160
1930
396, 191
L924
-
Fuel-oil imports
ST. THOMAS
year
19 IS
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
Gallons
17,534
7, 076, 932
26,335,910
6, 525, 440
5, 726, 729
4. 700. 000
2.051.374
Value
$2, 182
208, 647
1,008,644
400, 225
256, 790
84, 600
149, 993
Year
1925.
1926_
1927 _
1928 _
1929.
1930.
Gallons
6, 933, 327
10, 574, 441
4, 338, 179
5, 272, 504
4, 984, 283
Value
$211,571
465, 938
181, 981
191,971
191,009
Appendix P
Table of ships entering the harbor of St. Thomas, Virgin Islands (only those paying
pilotage), during the fiscal years 1909 to 1930, inclusive
Fiscal year
P. IO-. I
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
19 IS
1919
Number
of ships
409
143
524
455
577
261
268
299
226
303
438
Pilotage
paid
$6, 652. 20
7, 404. 80
8, 830. 20
7, 580. 80
6, 313. 20
4, 087. 90
4, 276. 70
4, 638. 80
4,021.50
7, 820. 91
14,804.38
Fiscal year
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
192S.
1929
Number
of ships
281
175
302
351
297
299
309
479
523
455
Pilotage
paid
$20, 343. 24
11,295.25
5, 718. 60
9, 895. 45
11,695.00
9, 639. 75
10, 008. 00
9, 703. 00
15, 687. 50
16, 842. 25
14, 039. 25
Appendix Q
Arrivals of ocean-going ships,
St.
Thomas,
Virgin Islands
of the
United States
Fiscal year
Warships
American mer-
chant ships
Foreign mer-
chant ships
Total
Num-
ber
Tonnage
Num-
ber
Tonnage
Num-
ber
Tonnage
Num-
ber
Tonnage
1920
32
27
63
41
85
30
22
18
20
27
41
26
108,350
112,819
184,633
199,397
273, 460
84,192
64, 858
47, 942
107, 925
63, 268
129,862
87, 829
297
412
159
210
188
171
149
159
154
167
193
197
1,171,465
1, 783, 698
467, 037
608, 548
553, 641
480, 581
388, 740
453, 329
384, 949
455, 333
558, 377
569, 831
147
170
162
198
276
227
261
252
427
461
358
304
407, 599
514, 296
516,271
665, 075
986, 926
907, 469
1,203,615
1,209,892
2, 043, 855
2, 132, 796
1,715,181
1,658,330
476
609
384
449
549
428
432
429
601
655
595
527
1,68/', 414
1921
2, 410, 813
1,167,941
1,473,020
1,814,027
1 472 242
1922 ...
1923
1924.
.
1925...
1926
1927
1,657,213
1928...
1929...
2,651,397
2, 403, 420
2,315,990
1930
1931..
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Appendix R
29
Trade of the Danish
West Indies and
the
United States
Virgin Islands with the
United States
Exports
Imports
Total trade
with
United
States
Fiscal year ending June 30:
1900
$568, 935
478, 262
394, 948
734, 020
422, 307
400, 994
366, 361
440, 855
592, 292
221, 457
405, 926
135, 117
489, 689
48, 031
29, 374
350, 822
63, 496
1, 259, 607
1, 542, 222
302, 085
1, 593, 120
4, 540, 386
734, 674
734, 476
657, 501
394, 000
1, 062, 534
745, 301
1, 069, 337
1, 164, 979
$624, 524
692, 150
704, 259
646, 206
649, 960
699, 569
726, 810
777, 577
727, 193
693, 681
749, 174
810, 537
924, 700
894, 087
890, 966
703, 354
850, 377
1, 438, 904
1, 807, 344
817, 942
1,804,117
3, 993, 478
2, 622, 396
1, 647, 353
1, 617, 625
1, 668, 000
1,661,417
2, 034, 083
2, 175, 489
2, 430, 309
$1, 193,459
1901
1, 170, 412
1, 099, 207
1, 380, 226
1, 072, 267
1, 100,563
1902
1903
1904
1905
1903
1, 093, 171
1907
-
1, 218, 432
1, 319, 485
1908
1909
915, 138
1, 155, 100
1910
1911
945, 654
1, 414, 389
1912
1913
942 118
1914
920, 340
1915
1,054 176
1916
913, 873
1917
.:
2,698,511
1918
3, 349, 566
1, 120,027
1918 (July-December).
.
.
Calendar year:
1919
3, 397, 237
1920
8, 533, 864
1921
3, 357, 070
1922
2,381,829
1923
2, 275, 126
1924
.
2, 062, 000
1925
2, 723, 951
1926
2, 779, 384
1927
3, 244, 826
1928
3, 595, 288
Appendix S
Imports and exports of the Danish West Indies and the Virgin Islands of the United
States
Imports
Exports
Fiscal year
St. Thomas-
St. John
St. Croix
Total
St. Thomas-
St. John
St. Croix
Total
1900
$733, 000
832,000
726, 000
772, 000
983, 000
907, 000
834,000
774, 000
1, 083, 510
872, 387
909, 883
1, 104, 153
955, 350
976, 387
980, 440
762, 350
707, 345
$931, 000
814, 000
742, 000
652. 000
684, 000
886, 000
781, 000
699,000
796, 413
638, 811
386, 891
620, 688
727, 803
671, 061
721, 663
556, 419
515, 264
$1, 664, 000
1, 646, 000
1, 468, 000
1, 424, 000
1, 667. 000
1, 793, 000
1, 615, 000
1, 473, 000
1, 879, 923
1,511,198
1, 296, 774
1,724,841
1, 683, 153
1, 647, 448
1, 702, 103
1, 318, 769
1, 222, 609
1, 892, 429
2, 276, 512
2, 923, 660
4, 529, 685
2, 277, 662
1, 670, 529
2, 070, 358
$629, 000
446, 000
495, 000
507, 000
365, 000
488, 000
212, 000
394, 000
430. 415
256, 239
469, 908
543, 488
584, 983
282, 164
331, 188
378, 859
260, 045
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1918
$1, 249, 346
1919
1,919,525
1920.
.
1, 662, 296
2, 851, 078
1, 406, 366
1, 093, 912
1, 465, 013
1, 261, 364
1, 678, 607
871, 296
576, 617
605, 345
$346, 705
264, 099
203, 695
155, 234
155, 310
2, 946, 426
2,011, L65
666, 710
733, 662
244, 842
3, 293, 131
1921
2, 275, 264
1922.
870, 405
1923..
SSS, S96
1924
400, 152
30
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
I in ports and exports of the Danish West Indies and the Virgin Islands of the United
States—Continued
Imports
Exports
Fiscal dear
st.Thomas-
St. John
St. Croix
Total
St.Thomas-
St. .lohn
St. Croix
Total
1925
$1, 166,633
$720, 829
813,884
688, 636
976, 842
1, 080, 835
822, 840
$1, 887, 462
2, 531, 404
2,326.717
2, 917, 165
2, 771, 819
2, 312, 465
$157,557
86, 520
210, 429
197, 230
180, 289
183, 382
$532, 134
1, 033, 186
620, 034
1, 043, 862
817, 345
611,004
$689, 691
1926
1.717,520
1, 638, 081
1, 940. 323
1, 690, 984
1, 489, 625
1,119,706
1927
830, 463
1928.
1, 241, 092
1929.
.
997, 634
1930
794, 386
Appendix T
Domestic and international money orders issued by post offices of the Virgin Islands
<
' ilendar year
Si. Thomas
Domestic
Interna-
tional
St. Croix
Christiansted
Domestic
Interna-
tional
Frederiksted
Domestic
Interna-
tional
King's
Hill, do-
mestic
Total
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930^ fiscal)
i285. 951.
286, 039.
257, 623.
318, 231.
292, 333.
308, 061.
330, 090.
352, 208.
327, 077.
314, 156.
617. 20
588, 66
672.
1
1
058. 63
748. 97
690^ 39
159. 68
329. 13
SSI. 00
$90,631.59
83, 660. 49
65, 628. 80
71, 897. 10
77, 045. 93
77, 741. 35
79, 776. 04
86, 160. 45
96, 407. 97
$8, 933. 01
3, 969. 89
1, 656. 69
1, 126. 36
2, 404. 60
1, 545. 47
819. 11
1, 186. 93
2, 119. 14
$74, 589. 20
44, 955. 41
36, 189. 54
49, 626. 21
48, 125. 72
46, 173. 85
43, 962. 94
50, 471. 89
48, 180. 63
$3. 523. 36
3. 101. 33
3, 371. 14
3, 936. 71
2, 150. 88
2. 988. 72
1, 500. 03
1, 942. 14
1, 847. 70
i $493. 93
6, 225. 64
14,119.93
11,736.20
10, 933. 04
16, 383. 49
12, 186. 51
$467.
423,
367,
454,
437,
451,
469.
510,
490,
245. 48
315.68
635. 31
102. 40
929. 03
046. 21
772. 29
513. 42
148. 90
November and December, 1923.
Domestic and international money orders paid by post
offices of the Virgin Islands
St. Thomas
St. Croix
Calendar year
Domestic
Interna-
tional
Christiansted
Frederiksted
King's
Hill, do-
mestic
Total
Domestic
Interna-
tional
Domestic
Interna-
tional
1921
1922
$35, 235. 53
40, 954. 94
54. 090. 93
57, 871. 86
60, 879. 55
63, 948. 04
68, 698. 69
70, 835. 23
68, 784. 70
62, 306. 21
$1, 227. 36
70.79
113.68
165. 23
213. 17
435. 86
513.01
381. 82
255. 66
512. 92
$17, 084. 38
15, 831. 97
22, 695. 64
23, 327. 40
27, 643. 69
29, 426. 69
33, 864. 74
35, 637. 28
36, 390. 83
$136. 27
81.48
84.02
44.72
31.94
139. 23
256. 90
229. 39
135. 28
$11, 772. 10
17,787.31
20, 740. 52
15, 537. 84
15, 488. 52
27, 737. 81
23, 716. 23
19 431
23
$202. 93
159. 03
277. 49
468. 20
184. 80
312. 27
273. 64
$65, 658. 57
74, 885. 52
1923
98, 002. 28
1924
1925
1926-..
$273. 39
717. 21
860. 90
946. 72
1, 747. 50
1. 220. 95
97, 688. 64
105, 158. 88
1927-..
1928- __
128 759 25
1929
1930-31 (fiscal)... .
21, 946. 00
260^ 22
128, 993. 64
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
31
Appendix U
Savings deposits in the National Bank of the Danish West Indies
at St. Thomas,
Christiansted, and Frederiksted
Calendar year
St. Thomas
Christian-
sted
Frederik-
sted
Total
Number
of ac-
counts
1909
.
-
$115,646.78
126, 924. 09
144, 319. 89
165, 343. 22
180, 490. 02
198, 002. 43
196, 371. 80
224, 415. 46
226, 895. 87
276, 119. 24
319, 573. 14
380, 284. 58
364, 567. 55
330, 215. 18
352, 028. 47
375, 806. 02
377, 743. 52
406, 936. 24
409, 252. 72
454, 071. 71
463, 429. 20
$32, 838. 89
30, 321. 32
33, 544. 88
37, 770. 32
39, 482. 02
44, 522. 83
50, 819. 44
56, 931. 33
79, 210. 32
77, 475. 67
103, 372. 40
238, 764. 89
190, 935. 95
174, 240. 46
192, 235. 65
210, 884. 94
176, 855. 23
198, 681. 67
190, 549. 75
288, 220. 52
199, 100. 25
$28, 789. 94
25, 013. 03
30, 170. 75
30, 656. 16
36,412.04
34, 526. 25
55, 961. 30
76, 420. 57
76, 055. 94
78, 456. 27
119,679.99
188, 691. 80
180, 464. 21
167, 460. 62
145, 528. 41
159, 607. 53
182, 814. 57
176,342.44
199, 944. 35
263, 572. 88
222, 099. 91
$177, 275. 61
182, 258. 44
208, 035. 52
233, 769. 70
256, 384. 08
277, 051. 51
303, 152. 54
357, 767. 36
382, 162. 13
432, 051. 18
542, 625. 53
807, 741. 27
735, 967. 71
671, 916. 26
689, 792. 53
746, 298. 49
737, 413. 32
781, 960. 35
799, 746. 82
1,005,865.11
884, 629. 36
907, 619. 00
915, 779. 00
1910
-
-
-
1911
______
1912
_
_
-__
3,273
1913
_
-
3, 508
1914
3,757
1915
_
3,873
1916
_
-__
_
..
4,001
1917
4,182
1918
...
4,333
1919
_
_
_
__
-_
5,236
1920
6,468
1921
6,602
1922
-_
-
--
--
6,907
1923
-_
_-
_
_
_
_
__
6,962
1924
7,290
1925
7,680
1926
8,167
1927
8,434
1929
-
-_———— .
1930
1931
Note.—In addition to the above, which represent "savings deposits" only, it is noted that the national
bank carries two other forms of deposits,
i. e., "checking accounts" and "time deposits."
In these two
accounts, the following funds were on deposit at the end of the year 1927:
Checking accounts
$232,550.71
Time deposits
379,278.83
Appendix V
Statement of depositors
7 balances in the new St. Croix Savings Bank on the last day
of each fiscal year from 1901
to 1929
Fiscal year
Balance
Fiscal year
Balance
Fiscal year
Balance
1901
$63, 388. 38
60, 905. 69
65, 541. 73
74, 725. 10
97, 475. 42
G)
75, 035. 75
64, 812. 89
50,118.01
47, 189. 62
1911
1912
$47, 399. 49
51, 070. 33
53, 164. 70
59, 885. 83
59, 480. 88
63, 344. 11
69, 231. 36
70, 535. 77
69, 470. 25
77, 064. 40
1921
$96, 120. 85
1902
1922
88, 436 45
1903—
1913
1923
1924
._
76, 012. 28
1904
1914.
68, 639 73
1905
.
1915..
1925—
53, 355. 64
1906-
.
1916
1926
64, 785. 22
1907
1917
1918—
1927
64, 843. 75
1908-
1928.
.
67, 571. 22
1909-
.
1919
1929...
72, 190. 39
1910
1920
i Mining.
Appendix W
VIRGIN ISLANDS REGISTER AND DIRECTORY
EXECUTIVE
Paul M. Pearson, governor.
Boyd J. Brown, government secretary and commissioner of finance-
Lawrence W. Cramer, lieutenant governor of St. Croix.
Morris
F. de Castro,
assistant government secretary and assistant commis-
sioner of finance.
W. N. Denny, head of finance of St. Croix.
A. A. Richardson, dispatching secretary of St. John.
Charles H. Gibson, government attorney.
R. B. Stafford, M. D., commissioner of public health.
James C. Tily, commissioner of public works.
Harry E. Taylor, commissioner of industry.
George H. Ivins, director of education.
32
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
Knud Knud-Hansen, M. D., F. A. C. S., chief municipal physician, St. Thomas
and
St. John.
.lames Knoll, M. D., chief municipal physician, St. Croix.
Lucy Gillette, commissioner of welfare.
Michael J. Nolan, director of police, St. Thomas and St. John.
Douglas S. Armstrong, director of police, St. Croix.
John Leroy Nolte, director of prohibition.
Donald
S. Boreham, assistant commissioner of public works and head of fire
department of St. Thomas.
C. Espersen, head of fire department, Christiansted, St. Croix.
Frank Smith, head of fire department, Frederiksted, St. Croix.
Engle L. Simmons, harbor master, St. Thomas.
Edith C. Moon, supervising librarian.
Dr. V. A. Christensen, municipal physician, St. Thomas and St. John.
D. C. Canegata, municipal physician, St. Croix.
George M. Hughes, municipal physician, St. Croix.
Stanley
I. Winde, assistant for public works.
Rudolph C. Miller, tax assessor, St. Thomas and St. John.
Alice Atkinson, chief nurse, St. Thomas.
Winifred Nichols, chief nurse, St. Croix.
Catherine A. Flynn, district nurse, St. Croix.
Ianthe A. Blyden, nurse, St. Thomas.
Arabella Tutein, nurse, Christiansted, St. Croix.
Evelyn Richardson, nurse, Frederiksted, St. Croix.
R. U. Lanclos, municipal dentist, St. Thomas.
Hugo C. Hark, municipal dentist,
St. Croix.
Jacob A. Robles, chief clerk and confidential secretary to the governor.
Guilderoy W. Bornn, secretary to the governor.
Cyril Creque, sanitation superintendent.
Harry C. Hockett, M. D., municipal physician, St. Thomas.
JUDICIAL
Prentice E. Edrington,
jr., judge of the district court.
George A. Mena, judge of the police court of St. Thomas.
D. Hamilton Jackson, judge of the police court of St. Croix.
A. A. Richardson, judge of the police court of St. John.
Wilhelm Jensen, clerk of the district court of St. Thomas and St. John.
J. F. Henry, clerk of the district court of St. Croix.
Leon A. Mawson, stenographer of the district court.
LEGISLATIVE
Colonial Council of St. Thomas and St. John:
J. E. Kuntz, chairman.
Lionel Roberts.
John Leroy Nolte.
Albert Maduro.
Joseph Reynolds.
Knud Knud-Hansen, M. D., F. A. C. S.
Valdemar A. Miller.
Christian Petersen.
George A. Moorehead.
L. J. T. Boschulte.
Benito Smith.
Carl E. Francis.
Svend A. Mylner.
Abram E. Smith.
Conrad Corneiro.
Orville S. Kean, assistant.
Colonial Council of St. Croix:
D. C. Canegata, chairman.
Alfred Francis.
A. Moorehead.
Jos. Alexander.
F. Coulter.
Miles Merwin.
C. Pentheny.
C. R. T. Brow.
Robt. W. Skeoch.
William Clarke.
A. V. Nelthrop.
Malcolm A. Skeoch.
Ralph de Chabert.
Carl Lawaetz.
Anselmo Fabio.
Arnold M. Golden.
Win. Abramson.
R. A. Frederick, assistant.
D. S. Armstrong.
MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE,
ST. THOMAS
Lionel Roberts, chairman; Valdemar A. Miller, Carl E. Francis, Benito Smith,
Knud Knud-Hansen.
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
33
MUNICIPAL COMMITTEE,
ST. CROIX
Joseph Alexander, chairman; Robert W. Skeoch, D.
C. Canegata,
C.
R.
T.
Brow, William Clarke.
ST. THOMAS HARBOR BOARD
Gov.
Paul M.
Pearson,
chairman; Government
Secretary Boyd
J.
Brown,
acting chairman; Emile A. Berne, Conrad Corneiro, Joseph Reynolds, Herbert
E. Lockhart.
BOARD OF EDUCATION OF
ST. THOMAS AND
ST. JOHN
Government Attorney Charles H.
Gibson, chairman; Government Secretary
Boyd
J. Brown, Chairman
of the
Colonial Council John Leroy
Nolte,
Lionel
Roberts, Joseph Reynolds, Director of Education George H. Ivins, secretary.
EDUCATIONAL BOARD OF REVIEW,
ST. CROIX
Government Attorney
Charles H.
Gibson, chairman;
Lieut.
Gov. Lawrence
W. Cramer, vice chairman; Chairman of the Colonial Council D. C. Canegata,
D. Hamilton Jackson, T. J. Ash, Director of Education George H. Ivins, secretary.
IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE,
ST. THOMAS
Assistant Commissioner of Public Works Donald Boreham, chairman; Arthur
S. Fairchild, Mrs. Knud Knud-Hansen, Maurice Petit, Abram E. Smith, Herbert
Taylor.
LIBRARY COMMISSION,
ST. THOMAS
Director of Education George H. Ivins, chairman; Commissioners of Welfare
Lucy
Gillette, Joseph
Reynolds,
D.
Victor Bornn; and
Supervising
Librarian
Edith Moon, secretary.
LIBRARY COMMISSION,
ST. CROIX
Harold J. Benedict, chairman; D. C. Canegata, Robert W. Skeoch.
BOARD OF CHILDREN'S GUARDIANS,
ST. THOMAS AND
ST. JOHN
Judge
George
A.
Mena,
chairman;
Commissioner
of
Public
Welfare Lucy
Gillette, Mrs. D. E. Lucien Lorand.
BOARD OF CHILDREN'S GUARDIANS,
ST. CROIX
Government
Attorney
Charles
H.
Gibson,
chairman;
Director
of
Police
Douglas S. Armstrong, Sister Maren Knudsen.
BOARD OF REVIEW AND EQUALIZATION OF TAXES, ST. THOMAS
Government Secretary Boyd
J. Brown, chairman;
Lionel Roberts,
Cyril E,
Daniel.
TAX COMMISSIONS,
ST. CROIX
Christiansted: Head of Finance W. X. Denny, Chief Bookkeeper R. Petersen,
Joseph Alexander, D. S. Armstrong.
Frederiksted: Head of Finance W. N. Denny, Chief Bookkeeper R. Petersen,
Miles Merwin, Arnold M. Golden.
MUNICIPAL POLICE COMMISSION,
ST. THOMAS AND
ST. JOHN
Government Secretary Boyd
J. Brown, Director of Police Michael
J. Nolan,
George A. Moorehead, Lionel Roberts, D. Victor Bornn.
TRADE AND LAMP TAX COMMISSION, ST. THOMAS
G. A. Moorehead, chairman;
Christian Petersen, Albert Maduro, S. A. Mvlner,
L. T. Boschulte.
COMMITTEE ON ACCOUNTS, ST. THOMAS
V. A. Miller, Lionel Roberts, Oscar Harthmann, auditor.
ELECTORAL BOARDS, ST. THOMAS AND
ST. JOHN
Judge George A. Mena, chairman,
St. Thomas; A. A. Richardson, chairman,
St. John; Albert Maduro and I. de Lugo, town of St. Thomas; L. J. T. Boschultr
and Jens Tanggaard, county district of
St. Thomas; Carl
E. Francis and H. E.
Lockhart, St. John.
34
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
ELECTORAL BOARD, ST. CROIX
Judge of the Police Court D. Hamilton Jackson, chairman; Joseph Alexander
and
A.
Teytaud,
Christiansted
town;
Alfred
Francis and
A.
V.
Nelthropp.
Christiansted county
district; C. R. T. Brow and E. E. Schroder, Frederiksted
town;
William Clarke and M. M. Skeoch, Frederiksted county district.
POOR ADVISORY COMMITTEE, ST. THOMAS AXD
ST. JOHN
Abram E. Smith,
J. E. Kuntz, Carl E. Francis, L.
J. T. Boschulte, Christian
Petersen, Ernest Sewer.
[!
POOR
COMMISSION'S,
ST. CROIX
Judge D. Hamilton Jackson, chairman; D. C. Canegata; the chief municipal
physician, Christiansted.
Judge D. Hamilton Jackson, chairman; William Clarke; the municipal phy-
sician in charge, Frederiksted.
PUBLIC CEMETERIES' COMMISSIONS,
ST. CROIX
Christiansted: Anselmo
Fabio
chairman; R.
de
Chabert;
commissioner
of
public works, St. Croix.
Frederiksted:
Miles
Merwin,
chairman;
Arnold
M.
Golden;
assistant
for
public works, St. Croix.
THE FIELD COMMISSION,
ST. THOMAS
Lionel
Roberts, chairman;
Herbert E.
Lockhart, treasurer; Ernest Barzzey,
Fernando Corneiro, Harry E. Taylor, Donald S. Boreham, Henry Galiber.
ST. THOMAS HOME GUARD
Gov. Paul M. Pearson, chief executive officer; Herman 0. Creque, commanding
officer;
Valdemar A.
Miller and Emile
A.
Berne,
captains;
D.
Victor Bornn,
secretary.
JURY COMMISSION,
ST. THOMAS
Clerk of the district court; Conrad Corneiro and George Levi.
JURY COMMISSION,
ST. CROIX
Clerk of the district court;
R. de Chabert; Arnold M. Golden.
THE WELFARE COUNCIL,
ST. THOMAS
Rev. Father J. Conway, C. SS. R.; Carl E. Francis, Rev. P. M. Gubi, Rev. F.
Joseph,
Rev. James Rollocks, Rev. Father J. Shields, C. SS. R.; Rev.
J. Arthur
Swinson, Rev. H. D. Whitteker.
HEALTH COMMISSIONS,
ST. CROIX
Christiansted:
Robert W.
Skeoch;
chief municipal physician;
judge
of the
police court.
Frederiksted:
C.
R.
T. Brow;
municipal physician
in charge;
judge
of the
police court.
HOSPITAL COMMISSIONS,
ST. CROIX
Christiansted:
Robert W.
Skeoch,
chief municipal
physician,
judge
of
the
police court.
Frederiksted:
C.
R.
T.
Brow,
municipal physician
in
charge,
judge
of the
police court.
FIRE COMMISSIONS,
ST. CROIX
Christiansted: C. Espersen, brand major; Jos. Alexander, judge of the police
court.
Frederiksted: Frank Smith, brand major; C. R. T. Brow, judge of the police
court.
BUILDING AND STREET COMMISSIONS,
ST. CROIX
Christiansted: Joseph Alexander, assistant for public works, St. Croix.
Frederiksted: William Clarke, commissioner of public works, St. Croix.
;
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
35
PRISON AND JAIL COMMISSION,
ST. CROIX
Robert W. Skeoch, director of police.
PRISON COMMISSION, FREDERIKSTED
C. R. T. Brow, director of police.
COTTON PEST COMMISSION,
ST. CROIX
Glen
Briggs,
director
of
agricultural experiment
station,
chairman;
William
Clarke, A. V. Nelthropp, D. S. Armstrong, C. Pentheny.
KINGS HILL PUBLIC VILLAGE COMMISSION,
ST. CROIX
Glen Briggs, chairman; J. A. Fleming, Herman Hansen, Kai Esmann.
BOARD OF PARDONS AND PAROLES, ST. CROIX
Government
Attorney
Charles
H.
Gibson,
chairman;
Judge
of
the
Police
Court D. Hamilton Jackson; Lieut. Gov. Lawrence W. Cramer; chief municipal
physician;
Director of Police D.
S. Armstrong.
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT OF THE LEPER ASYLUM,
ST. CROIX
Medical officer in charge of the leper asylum; Anselmo Fabio.
BOARD OF CONTROL, AGRICULTURAL FUND, ST. THOMAS
Commissioner of Industry Harry E. Taylor, chairman; director of education;
Lionel Roberts, George A. Moorehead, W. M. Perry.
FOREIGN CONSULS IN
ST. THOMAS
Ernest van Beverhoudt, Belgium.
George Levi, Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru.
Emile A. Berne, Chile, Dominican Republic.
J. Percy Souffront, Venezuela
(in charge), Colombia, vice consul Dominican
Republic.
Valdemar A.
Miller, Cuba.
W. Laub, consul general of Denmark.
Cyril E. Daniel, consul general of Haiti, consular agent of France.
E. L. M. Monsanto, consular agent for Germany.
E. G. Larkin, Great Britain.
I de Lugo, Italy, Spain.
M. van Epps, the Netherlands.
C. G. Thiele, Norway.
Isaac Paiewonskv, Panama.
M. E. Trepuk, Portugal.
Axel Hoist, Sweden.
FOREIGN CONSULS IN
ST. CROIX
Miles Merwin, vice consul Great Britain.
H. A. Delemos, honorary vice consul Dominican Republic.
FEDERAL OFFICIALS
C. L. Root, collector of customs, Virgin Islands.
C. V. F. Daniel, deputy collector of customs in charge, St. Croix.
E. S. Richardson,
jr., postmaster, St. Thomas.
B. R. Larsen, postmaster, Christiansted.
R. H. Amphlett Leader, postmaster, Frederiksted.
E. H. Carnes, chief quarantine officer, Virgin Islands.
George M. Hughes, quarantine officer, Frederiksted.
Glen Briggs, director, agricultural experiment station, St. Croix.
W. M. Perry, extension agent, St. Thomas.
E. V. Roberts, forester.
H. F. Welsh, chief radioman
in charge, United States Naval Radio Station,
St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.
36
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
BY ARTHUR RUHL
[Extracts from series of articles in the New York Herald Tribune, May 12-16, 1931]
Everywhere bold headlands, rising abruptly from the water, for all these islands
are the summits of a submerged mountain chain; water, incredibly clear and blue,
King above coral reefs, or breaking, to draw
its white line of surf across white
sand or brown rocks; and over all, the fresh, clean breath of the northeast trades.
1 [ere was the caressing mildness of the tropics, without the tropics' fierceness and
languor; without fevers, mosquitoes, flies.
Here was all, and more, of the beauty
of the Riviera; all the wildness and remoteness of the South Seas, and yet, only
four or five days' easy steaming from New York.
If a wealthy and fastidious New York bachelor, with all the world to pick from,
finds his personal Eden here, there must be something in the Virgins not meas-
urable in tax receipts and export statistics.
One might observe, in passing, that other Americans also have gone to the Vir-
gins
in a similar state
of mind, not merely to spend a pleasant winter—as a
group of Provincetown artists did this last one—but to make permanent homes.
Over at St. Croix, in the little town of Christiansted, in the house of the Misses
Quin (Alexander Hamilton once clerked in the shop underneath their dwelling
and they, themselves, with their old mahogany furniture, might have stepped
out of "Cranford"), I ran across an elderly American lady who had been coming
down to St. Croix for her winters for nobody seemed to know how many years.
On the island of St. John, the smallest and least inhabited of the three,
I took
tea one afternoon with a retired New York physician and his wife, who came
here to pass a winter several years ago and decided to stay.
Up in the hills of
the same island another American, a former engineer, and his wife, are trying,
in almost Robinson Crusoe style, to build a homestead in the tropical "bush,'"
And on St. John I ran across still another American, a one-time Boston cartoonist
who keeps bees and makes etchings.
The bees don't like him, he says, and he
has the pioneer's usual tough time in finding a profitable market for his honey;
but
it
is delicious honey, with a peculiar tropical bouquet, and
I had
it every
day in St. Thomas's little Grand Hotel.
Mr. X looks forward to a time when all the heights round about his place
will be crowned with similar,
if less elaborate, American homes, and as you poke
over the island trails on horseback, especially over the almost deserted St. John
you keep seeing sites for them—every new summit in the road opening a fresh
and more enchanting vista of descending, wooded slopes; islands, big and little
rising out of blue water, and little, circular, almost landlocked bays, with palms
and white beaches, and the sort of pool-like, turquoise harbors into which pirate
ships and privateers might
(as, indeed, they actually did, in the old buccaneer
days) hide while they nursed their sores, mended their sails, and took on fresh
water and rum before starting another raid.
They are such hiding places as
Stevenson or Conrad might write about (Peters Island, within sight of St. John,
is, indeed, locally believed to be Stevenson's Treasure Island)—deep water, steep
shores
all round, and the whole thing fading
into
the
blur
of
forest-covered
mountainside, a few miles off shore.
The Americans, who bought St. Thomas from the Danes for 5,000,000 pounds
paid a price for
it and got their money's worth.
In the records
it
is 27 square
miles of more or less barren rock; on the map
it is a mere dot showing where a
mountain peak of the submerged geosphere has thrust its head 1,700 feet above
the deluge; one of the outer bastions of the engulfed Antillean range.
To the
naval strategist
it
is a covering base for the Panama Canal; to the seaman
it is
the safest port in the West Indies; before the Panama Canal was cut
it was a
ganglion for the nerve system of the sea-borne commerce of South America, the|
Indies, and the Spanish Main.
But this
is to tabulate a dry catalogue of uses:
on the credit side, to be set against that enormous debit of $25,000,000 and to
leave its value out.
Its price is beyond rubies, for it is one of the most beautiful
islands in the world.
There can be none more beautiful.
The harbor is set about with hills which are the form and substance of enduring
i;
beauty, and the frame and
outline
of the lakelike waters which they
inclose
The unbroken ridged contour to the north slopes steeply and then gently to the
waterside.
In the foreground of the mountain face are three supporting
but-
tresses which converge as they lean upward, and upon these the ancient town is
built.
Every feature
is so shaped and harmonized that, seen from the harbor
mouth, they concentrate upon you and meet within
you,
as though
all
that:
loveliness of land and water, were flowing down and flowing together, and lifting
you to an unseen world of visible perfection upon a converging tide.
If
it were
;
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
37
seen through the gray, leveling medium of a northern day it would still be beau-
tiful.
The tropical
brilliance
of
its coloring makes
it
beautiful beyond
belief.
Here, as in the shapely grouping of the town upon its three hills, man has been
equal to his opportunities and joined hands with nature.
Red roofs stand among
the green of royal palm and dark mahogany; two castellated, red-topped towers
crown two of the hills, and higher up red cabin roofs peep out in crimson splashes
from the forest green.
For the rest, the color of the sea and land and sky has
the quality of cool, liquid, glowing fire—the fire and depth of gem stones, melted
to a liquid softness, and glowing, intrinsic lights.
Who can say that St. Thomas may not yet be our American Capri?
Or that
St. Croix may not shift from cane to cotton or cattle, and from sugar " centrals,"
owned by absentee stockholders, to smaller farms which may at least support the
island's necessary expenses of government?
Or that
St. John may not at least
get along as comfortably as the British Tortolians get along, just across the bay?
The problem in St. Croix is no mere task of trying to wake up a backward but
comparatively comfortable tropical island, but a thoroughly modern industrial
dilemma, with capitalists on one side, and idle workers on the other, and strikes
and semistarvation in between.
Soon after the President's recent visit to the Virgin Islands, the Herald-Tribune
printed a cartoon depicting prohibition, in the shape of a top-hatted bluenose,
leading a ragged native labeled "Business" across a tropical landscape to the
tune of Over the Hills to the Poorhouse.
It was a good cartoon for New Yorkers,
feelings about prohibition being what they are, in line with much editorial com-
ment, and I even saw it tacked up in the office of one of the little single-sheet
newspapers in St. Thomas.
But it wasn't, nevertheless, a very accurate picture
of the actual facts.
Many other things, beginning with the abolition of slave labor, have had more
to do than prohibition with the economic decline
of the Virgin
Islands.
The
great days of the St. Croix (Santa Cruz) rum industry were a century ago—days
when all ships carried rum as part of their regular stores, when sailors expected
their ration of grog, and rum was drunk so commonly that the word itself has
become a symbol for spirituous drinks in general.
The swimming
is nothing short
of heavenly—crystal clear water, white sand
beaches and
little reef-protected bays so
clear,
generally, that
in a small boat
you seem suspended in air.
There is golf, of sorts; fishing, sailing, some chances
to motor, and interesting bridle paths in almost every direction.
There are no
fevers nor malaria, and fewer flies and mosquitoes than in summer time in New
York.
On the open, unscreened veranda, looking out to sea, which my hotel in
St. Thomas used for its dining room, there were no flies, and although mosquito
| nets were provided in the bedrooms, as
is customary in the Tropics,
I found no
need of mine.
Snakes are almost unknown—in short, in
all such matters, the
i islands suggest a somewhat warmer and more picturesque Bermuda.
English
is the language of the islanders, in spite of the long Danish occupation,
and even in the Danish days
official proclamations were
all printed in the two
languages.
And
Danish and
English
influence,
plus
the
sanitary and
other
work of our own Xavy administrations, have given the old towns of St. Thomas,
Christiansted, and Frederiksted a neatness, urbanity, and general
air
of good
housekeeping not found in some of the other Antilles.
Not a few of the old white
houses, with their shaded galleries looking out to the Caribbean, have been lived
in for more than a century, and still possess the fine mahogany and some of the
old silver of the islands' great days.
It was on one of those dazzling and delicious Caribbean mornings that the new
civilian governor of our Virgin Islands, Dr. Paul M. Pearson, and several of his
staff, on the Xavy tug U?npqua, went over from St. Thomas to Coral Harbor to
pay their first visit to our neighboring island of St. John.
The latter is a charac-
teristic Antillean mountain top thrust up from the sea, about 8 miles long by 5
I miles wide—rugged forest and u bush " covered slopes, climbing to 1,200 feet above
the water.
In the old slave days its more fertile slopes were terraced and culti-
vated clear to their summits, and many of the lower hills are still topped by the
fortlike bases of the old stone windmills to which the planters once hauled their
cane by oxcart to be ground by the trade winds.
All these terraces are overgrown now, the ruins of mills and former "great
houses" are covered with vegetation and the seven or eight hundred negro fish-
I ermen, farmers, and bay-leaf gatherers who live on
St. John are
less than the
number of slaves who once worked the little island's plantations.
All of the islands fit the pattern which an Englishman who lives on the neigh-
: boring island of Tortola had in mind when he said in his novel, "The Hurricane,"
38
GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
that the ideal "desert island" ought to be "small enough to go round in a day or
two,
big enough
to
live on, and small enough to love."
St. Thomas and
St.
John are just the right
size, from this point of view.
St. Croix, which
is some
22 miles long,
is just a bit too big, perhaps, but even on its comparatively wide
interior plains the trade winds are always blowing and you are always conscious
of,
if not actually in sight of, the open sea.
None is a "desert," although all are
subject to drought.
All were rich in the old slave days, and all have the loveli-
ness, the peace and the delicious climate which make it easy for one to feel, any-
where outside the little towns, like a sort of Robinson Crusoe.
St. Thomas is one of the most beautiful islands imaginable but the views from
the heights of St. John are almost lovelier.
Every new summit brought its fresh
arrangement of bold headlands, white beaches, blue water above coral reefs, and
a sea so clear that as the big cumulus clouds rolled slowly overhead one could see
their shadows traveling across the ocean bottom.
NATIVE-CRAFT
The Native-Craft Co-Operative of the Virgin Islands has been organized to
produce and market the craft work typical of these tiny islands of the Carib-
bean.
The Virgin Islands, that suddenly famous triplet of enchantment, can spare a
bit of their charm for a far-away luncheon table or bridge party, can add their
gayety and
color to picnic and shopping equipment or send a dainty wisp
of
loveliness to summer porch teas.
The Co-Operative ships to the United States boxes and tables of mahogany,
linens, laces, and baskets in colorful and exquisite assortments.
Orders for Virgin Islands Native-Craft can be placed through the Native-Craft
Co-Operative,
St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.
Descriptive circular on request.
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