2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report National Center on Deafblindness 2023 Suggested citation: National Center on Deafblindness. (2023). 2022 National deafblind child count report. https://ncdb-childcount-2022.netlify.app/ View an html version of this report. Reports from previous years can be accessed from the NCDB page. National Child Count Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 .............................................................................................................. 1.1 Data Collection 4 ................................................................................................... 1.2 The Importance of an Accurate Count 4 ............................................................... 1.3 O verview of Deafblindness 4 ................................................................................. 1.4 Understanding the Report Data 5 .......................................................................... 1.5 Data Considerations 6 ........................................................................................... 2 Overall Population Demographics 6 ............................................................................ 2.1 State Child Count Totals 8 .................................................................................... 2.2 Age of Child 11 ...................................................................................................... 2.3 Race/Ethnicity 15 .................................................................................................. 2.4 Gender 19 ............................................................................................................. 2.5 Primary Language in the Home (Optional Reporting) 22 ...................................... 3 Documented Hearing and Vision Loss 25 ................................................................... 3.1 Summary of Vision Loss Data 25 .......................................................................... 3.2 Summary of Hearing Loss Data 25 ....................................................................... 3.3 Use of Corrective and Assistive Devices 25 .......................................................... 3.4 Primary Classification of Vision Impairment 26 ..................................................... 3.5 Cortical Visual Impairment 30 ............................................................................... 3.6 Corrective Lenses 33 ............................................................................................ 3.7 Primary Classification of Hearing Impairment 36 .................................................. 3.8 Central Auditory Processing Disorder 40 .............................................................. 3.9 Auditory Neuropathy 43 ........................................................................................ 3.10 Cochlear Implant 46 ........................................................................................... 3.11 Assistive Listening Devices 49 ........................................................................... 3.12 Additional Assistive Technology 52 .................................................................... 4 Etiologies 55 ............................................................................................................... 4.1 Primary Identified Etiology 56 ................................................................................ 4.2 Hereditary Syndromes/Disorders 58 ..................................................................... 4.3 Prenatal/Congenital Complications 62 .................................................................. 4.4 Postnatal/Non-Congenital Complications 65 ......................................................... 4.5 Other Etiologies 68 ................................................................................................ 5 Additional Disabilities 71 ............................................................................................. 5.1 Additional Disabilities 72 ....................................................................................... 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 2 6 Part C Information 76 .................................................................................................. 6.1 IDEA Part C Reported Category 77 ...................................................................... 6.2 Early Intervention Setting (Ages Birth through 2) 80 ............................................. 7 Part B Information 83 .................................................................................................. 7.1 Disability Category 83 ........................................................................................... 7.2 Educational Environment 84 ................................................................................. 7.3 IDEA Part B Reported Category (Table 1 of 2) 85 ................................................ 7.4 IDEA Part B Reported Category (Table 2 of 2) 89 ................................................ 7.5 Educational Environments: Early Childhood Special Education ( 3–5) (Table 1 of 2) 93 7.6 E ducational Environments: Early Childhood Special Education ( 3–5 ) (Table 2 of 2) 9 7 7.7 E ducational Environments: School Aged (6–21) (Table 1 of 2) 1 01 ...................... 7.8 Educational Environments: School Aged (6–21) (Table 2 of 2) 105 ...................... 7.9 State Assessments 109 ........................................................................................ 8 Educational Supports 113 ........................................................................................... 8.1 Intervener Services 114 ........................................................................................ 9 Living Setting 117 ........................................................................................................ 9.1 L iving Setting (Table 1 of 2) 118 ........................................................................... 9.2 Living Setting (Table 2 of 2) 121 ........................................................................... 10 Exiting Information 125 ............................................................................................. 10.1 Part C Exiting Status (Table 1 of 2) 126 ............................................................. 10.2 Part C Exiting Status (Table 2 of 2) 130 ............................................................. 10.3 Part B Exiting Status (Table 1 of 2) 134 ............................................................. 10.4 Part B Exiting Status (Table 2 of 2) 138 ............................................................. 11 References 142 ........................................................................................................ 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 3 1 Introduction The annual National Deafblind Child Count is the world’s first and longest-running count of children who are deafblind. Begun in 1986 on behalf of the U.S.Department of Education, it represents a collaborative effort between the National Center on Deafblindness (NCDB) and state deafblind projects throughout the country, including those in the Pacific Trust territories, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. The annual child count helps identify state and national technical assistance needs for children who are deafblind, their families, and the providers and systems that serve them. 1.1 Data Collection Each year, state deafblind projects capture a point-in-time count of the number of children eligible for project services on December 1 as well as information about the special education services those children receive under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B or C. • IDEA Part C covers early intervention for infants and toddlers with disabilities. • IDEA Part B covers children and youth ages 3–21. The official count used in this report is the number of children eligible for state deafblind project services on December 1. NCDB provides technical assistance to the state projects to help them conduct their counts and compiles the data into this national report. 1.2 The Importance of an Accurate Count The number of children identified as deafblind in the National Deafblind Child Count and the total included in the IDEA Part B child count are often vastly different. In 2022, 9,895 children and youth were identified with deafblindness (ages 3–21) according to the National Deafblind Child Count, while only 1,650 were identified in IDEA’s 2021–2022 school year Part B count ( ). U.S. Department of Education, 2022 This discrepancy occurs because the National Deafblind Child Count includes children whose sole disability is deafblindness as well as those with additional disabilities. In contrast, instruct states to count children only when a child has deafness and blindness and no other disabilities. IDEA Part B reporting regulations Over the years, under-identifying or under-counting children who are deafblind has been a consistent problem. Accurately identifying all children who are deafblind is essential so they can begin receiving specialized services and supports that are critical to early development and learning ( ; ; ). Purvis & Schalock, 2014 Müller, 2006 Herbster, 2015 1.3 Overview of Deafblindness Deafblindness is defined in as IDEA regulations 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 4 Concomitant hearing and visual impairments, the combination of which causes such severe communication and other developmental and educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for children with deafness or children with blindness. This is a common definition of deafblindness used by state deafblind projects, but they have the discretion to establish additional criteria for their services. The population of children who are deafblind is one of the smallest yet most diverse groups of children receiving early intervention and special education services. In addition to deafblindness, many children also have physical or cognitive disabilities, complex medical needs, and/or behavior challenges. 1.4 Understanding the Report Data The National Deafblind Child Count includes data to help inform state and national technical assistance services and initiatives. This includes information on • Gender • Etiology • Documented Vision Loss • Cortical Visual Impairment • Documented Hearing Loss • Central Auditory Processing Disorder • Auditory Neuropathy • Cochlear Implants • Other Impairments or Conditions • Living Setting • Intervener Services • Use of Corrective Lenses, Listening Devices, and/or Assistive Technology • Primary Language in the Home (Optional Reporting) The report also includes the following data elements, which are consistent with those used in IDEA Part B and C child counts regarding all children receiving special education services: • Race/Ethnicity • Part B and C Category Codes • Early Intervention Setting (Birth–2) • Educational Environment (3–5 and 6–21) • Participation in Statewide Assessments • Part C Exiting Status (Birth–2) • Part B Exiting Status (3–21) 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 5 1.5 Data Considerations The method used to calculate the December 1 count total was changed in 2021. Previously, it was based on the number of children who were eligible for state deafblind project services and receiving IDEA Part B or C services on December 1. Now, it is solely the number of children who were eligible for state deafblind project services on December 1. The criteria for receiving IDEA services was removed because it excluded some children from the report, such as those who were on 504 Plans or who had exited school but were not yet 21 and were still receiving transition services. Due to this change, trend data cannot be generated using totals from past reports. Contact NCDB for assistance obtaining data for trend reports or analysis. In 2020, modifications were made to several child count reporting elements (e.g., gender, educational settings). A clear understanding of these changes is important for anyone doing analyses that involve more than one year of data. Notes on the 2020 changes are included in relevant sections of this report. For additional information, see • 2020 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Revisions • Deaf-Blind Child Count Change Log (2007–2023) 2 Overall Population Demographics On December 1, 2022, a total of 10,585 children were eligible to receive state deafblind project services. This is an increase of 144 from the 2021 total of 10,441. The number of children served by state deafblind projects at any time during the year increased from 11,330 to 11,454. Ages The 10,585 total includes • 548 infants and toddlers (birth–2) • 9,895 children and youth (3–21) • 60 (age 22) from states that provide services through the end of the school year in which students turn 22 years of age • 28 (ages 23–26) from Michigan, which provides services up to age 26 for students who meet state eligibility criteria, and other states that have allowed compensatory services Race/Ethnicity • White – 50% • Latino or Hispanic – 23% • Black or African American – 13% • Other races (Asian, American Indian, Native Hawaiian, Two or more) – 10% • Unknown or missing – 5% Gender 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 6 • Male – 53% • Female – 46% • Other, unknown, or missing – <1% 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 7 2.1 State Child Count Totals State Total number served by state during year Number on December 1 count Alabama 283 241 Alaska 24 23 Arizona 262 260 Arkansas 259 254 California 1,138 1,024 Colorado 175 149 Connecticut 67 67 Delaware 58 56 District of Columbia 22 21 Florida 665 622 Georgia 349 324 Hawaii 52 49 Idaho 73 73 Illinois 283 245 Indiana 224 224 Iowa 119 115 Kansas 142 138 Kentucky 166 152 Louisiana 132 112 Maine 55 55 Maryland 188 181 Massachusetts 239 238 Michigan 349 314 Minnesota 388 357 Mississippi 92 88 Missouri 269 241 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 8 State Total number served by state during year Number on December 1 count Montana 41 41 Nebraska 108 108 Nevada 131 110 New Hampshire 84 84 New Jersey 169 165 New Mexico 141 139 New York 423 417 North Carolina 351 351 North Dakota 36 36 Ohio 399 339 Oklahoma 178 169 Oregon 97 92 Pacific Basin 69 67 Pennsylvania 632 544 Puerto Rico 39 37 Rhode Island 48 48 South Carolina 165 158 South Dakota 43 42 Tennessee 316 293 Texas 935 840 Utah 154 137 Vermont 36 36 Virgin Islands 19 19 Virginia 191 165 Washington 313 290 West Virginia 70 60 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 9 State Total number served by state during year Number on December 1 count Wisconsin 150 132 Wyoming 43 43 Total 11,454 10,585 Note: Some states continue to provide services through the end of the school year in which the individual turns 22 years old. Michigan provides services to age 26. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 10 2.2 Age of Child State 0-2 3-5 6-11 12-17 18-21 Over 21 Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 5 24 69 88 46 9 0 241 Alaska 0 0 8 9 6 0 0 23 Arizona 17 53 57 97 32 4 0 260 Arkansas 3 27 65 92 56 11 0 254 California 38 79 265 382 219 0 41 1,024 Colorado 10 11 58 45 25 0 0 149 Connecticut 7 4 26 21 9 0 0 67 Delaware 1 4 19 20 12 0 0 56 District of Columbia 1 0 8 8 4 0 0 21 Florida 21 59 158 246 137 0 1 622 Georgia 14 37 108 103 62 0 0 324 Hawaii 0 2 13 24 10 0 0 49 Idaho 10 6 28 22 7 0 0 73 Illinois 11 19 61 88 65 1 0 245 Indiana 2 25 58 87 52 0 0 224 Iowa 4 19 35 35 22 0 0 115 Kansas 6 18 54 49 11 0 0 138 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 11 State 0-2 3-5 6-11 12-17 18-21 Over 21 Unknown or Missing Total Kentucky 12 17 42 46 35 0 0 152 Louisiana 4 15 35 35 23 0 0 112 Maine 3 9 21 14 8 0 0 55 Maryland 0 17 61 62 39 2 0 181 Massachusetts 13 29 57 85 54 0 0 238 Michigan 11 22 105 90 55 31 0 314 Minnesota 12 41 111 145 48 0 0 357 Mississippi 10 19 25 25 9 0 0 88 Missouri 15 31 85 62 48 0 0 241 Montana 1 7 12 12 9 0 0 41 Nebraska 3 6 21 49 28 1 0 108 Nevada 8 20 37 39 6 0 0 110 New Hampshire 3 9 31 28 13 0 0 84 New Jersey 0 5 60 65 35 0 0 165 New Mexico 4 20 54 38 23 0 0 139 New York 13 49 109 133 98 15 0 417 North Carolina 37 47 103 121 41 2 0 351 North Dakota 2 5 13 11 5 0 0 36 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 12 State 0-2 3-5 6-11 12-17 18-21 Over 21 Unknown or Missing Total Ohio 3 28 91 144 73 0 0 339 Oklahoma 8 18 56 61 26 0 0 169 Oregon 4 14 34 28 12 0 0 92 Pacific Basin 1 2 9 27 14 1 13 67 Pennsylvania 75 75 203 149 40 2 0 544 Puerto Rico 1 5 5 17 9 0 0 37 Rhode Island 1 6 13 15 12 1 0 48 South Carolina 20 26 49 44 18 1 0 158 South Dakota 4 5 11 11 11 0 0 42 Tennessee 53 55 91 71 23 0 0 293 Texas 33 101 287 325 91 3 0 840 Utah 16 23 41 30 26 0 1 137 Vermont 1 7 15 7 6 0 0 36 Virgin Islands 0 0 5 11 2 1 0 19 Virginia 4 15 62 56 28 0 0 165 Washington 15 47 83 92 53 0 0 290 West Virginia 2 8 24 19 6 0 1 60 Wisconsin 1 9 65 43 14 0 0 132 Wyoming 5 6 11 14 7 0 0 43 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 13 Unknown or State 0-2 3-5 6-11 12-17 18-21 Over 21 Total Missing Total 548 1,205 3,227 3,640 1,823 85 57 10,585 Note: Some states continue to provide services through the end of the school year in which the individual turns 22 years old. Michigan provides services to age 26. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 14 2.3 Race/Ethnicity State American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic/ Latino White Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Two or more races Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 3 4 55 26 149 0 4 0 241 Alaska 2 2 2 0 14 0 3 0 23 Arizona 19 7 14 118 98 1 0 3 260 Arkansas 1 2 49 33 162 0 4 3 254 California 5 65 31 444 152 9 18 300 1,024 Colorado 1 9 9 46 79 0 5 0 149 Connecticut 0 3 9 14 39 0 0 2 67 Delaware 3 2 15 13 23 0 0 0 56 District of Columbia 0 1 11 1 6 2 0 0 21 Florida 5 23 168 159 245 1 18 3 622 Georgia 0 15 89 47 154 0 19 0 324 Hawaii 0 12 2 0 5 27 3 0 49 Idaho 0 1 3 6 57 1 1 4 73 Illinois 0 16 45 60 116 0 8 0 245 Indiana 1 7 24 21 162 1 8 0 224 Iowa 0 3 6 9 88 2 6 1 115 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 15 State American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic/ Latino White Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Two or more races Unknown or Missing Total Kansas 0 11 7 16 101 0 2 1 138 Kentucky 1 4 11 8 121 0 7 0 152 Louisiana 0 2 29 15 56 0 3 7 112 Maine 1 3 2 3 44 0 2 0 55 Maryland 0 16 49 25 86 5 0 0 181 Massachusetts 2 17 13 52 139 0 5 10 238 Michigan 4 11 46 15 227 0 8 3 314 Minnesota 10 28 50 28 222 1 13 5 357 Mississippi 0 1 30 6 49 0 2 0 88 Missouri 0 4 27 16 179 1 13 1 241 Montana 5 0 0 0 35 0 1 0 41 Nebraska 2 2 8 12 82 0 2 0 108 Nevada 2 3 12 35 41 3 14 0 110 New Hampshire 1 2 4 8 64 0 1 4 84 New Jersey 0 16 21 39 83 0 6 0 165 New Mexico 13 2 4 71 42 1 4 2 139 New York 5 38 52 121 182 3 16 0 417 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 16 State American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic/ Latino White Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Two or more races Unknown or Missing Total North Carolina 2 13 93 224 1 1 14 3 351 North Dakota 3 0 2 1 29 0 1 0 36 Ohio 0 5 54 15 245 1 19 0 339 Oklahoma 27 4 18 18 100 0 2 0 169 Oregon 1 2 2 22 61 1 2 1 92 Pacific Basin 0 1 0 0 1 64 1 0 67 Pennsylvania 1 21 81 64 352 2 15 8 544 Puerto Rico 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 37 Rhode Island 0 5 4 12 26 0 0 1 48 South Carolina 1 4 39 11 97 1 5 0 158 South Dakota 4 0 1 3 31 0 2 1 42 Tennessee 1 8 45 25 196 0 18 0 293 Texas 14 24 69 369 256 1 16 91 840 Utah 0 2 5 32 90 2 6 0 137 Vermont 0 1 0 1 29 0 2 3 36 Virgin Islands 0 0 12 6 1 0 0 0 19 Virginia 0 9 35 14 96 1 8 2 165 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 17 State American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic/ Latino White Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Two or more races Unknown or Missing Total Washington 1 14 9 50 158 11 29 18 290 West Virginia 3 0 3 0 54 0 0 0 60 Wisconsin 0 5 9 13 100 1 1 3 132 Wyoming 6 0 2 10 23 1 1 0 43 Total 150 450 1,380 2,394 5,248 145 338 480 10,585 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 18 2.4 Gender State Male Female Other, Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 108 133 0 241 Alaska 10 13 0 23 Arizona 169 91 0 260 Arkansas 140 113 1 254 California 518 500 6 1,024 Colorado 79 70 0 149 Connecticut 35 31 1 67 Delaware 33 22 1 56 District of Columbia 13 8 0 21 Florida 311 311 0 622 Georgia 170 154 0 324 Hawaii 28 21 0 49 Idaho 30 42 1 73 Illinois 122 122 1 245 Indiana 119 105 0 224 Iowa 65 50 0 115 Kansas 66 72 0 138 Kentucky 87 64 1 152 Louisiana 57 55 0 112 Maine 31 24 0 55 Maryland 93 88 0 181 Massachusetts 133 101 4 238 Michigan 178 136 0 314 Minnesota 180 177 0 357 Mississippi 42 46 0 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 19 State Male Female Other, Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 135 106 0 241 Montana 20 21 0 41 Nebraska 52 54 2 108 Nevada 62 48 0 110 New Hampshire 51 32 1 84 New Jersey 95 69 1 165 New Mexico 70 69 0 139 New York 221 195 1 417 North Carolina 195 156 0 351 North Dakota 14 22 0 36 Ohio 183 156 0 339 Oklahoma 99 70 0 169 Oregon 55 37 0 92 Pacific Basin 44 23 0 67 Pennsylvania 278 266 0 544 Puerto Rico 24 13 0 37 Rhode Island 23 25 0 48 South Carolina 90 68 0 158 South Dakota 22 20 0 42 Tennessee 165 128 0 293 Texas 459 381 0 840 Utah 65 72 0 137 Vermont 24 12 0 36 Virgin Islands 11 8 0 19 Virginia 83 82 0 165 Washington 139 139 12 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 20 Other, Unknown State Male Female Total or Missing West Virginia 41 19 0 60 Wisconsin 75 57 0 132 Wyoming 23 20 0 43 Total 5,635 4,917 33 10,585 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 21 2.5 Primary Language in the Home (Optional Reporting) State English Spanish Sign Language Other Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 221 18 1 1 0 241 Alaska 21 0 2 0 0 23 Arizona 201 52 0 3 4 260 Arkansas 229 24 1 0 0 254 California 525 275 49 75 100 1,024 Colorado 128 17 1 1 2 149 Connecticut 60 3 1 2 1 67 Delaware 48 6 0 2 0 56 District of Columbia 19 0 1 1 0 21 Florida 0 0 0 0 622 622 Georgia 285 33 0 6 0 324 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 49 49 Idaho 68 0 0 0 5 73 Illinois 204 31 0 9 1 245 Indiana 205 8 6 5 0 224 Iowa 106 6 0 3 0 115 Kansas 124 6 2 6 0 138 Kentucky 148 3 1 0 0 152 Louisiana 75 9 0 2 26 112 Maine 51 0 0 1 3 55 Maryland 174 5 1 1 0 181 Massachusetts 171 31 3 10 23 238 Michigan 299 2 1 5 7 314 Minnesota 279 22 4 42 10 357 Mississippi 87 1 0 0 0 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 22 State English Spanish Sign Language Other Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 227 9 4 1 0 241 Montana 0 0 0 0 41 41 Nebraska 89 9 1 2 7 108 Nevada 86 16 0 0 8 110 New Hampshire 76 0 1 1 6 84 New Jersey 141 16 1 1 6 165 New Mexico 75 9 5 1 49 139 New York 336 63 0 18 0 417 North Carolina 293 38 1 6 13 351 North Dakota 36 0 0 0 0 36 Ohio 294 7 7 8 23 339 Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 169 169 Oregon 0 0 0 0 92 92 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 0 67 67 Pennsylvania 505 21 5 10 3 544 Puerto Rico 0 36 0 1 0 37 Rhode Island 30 8 0 2 8 48 South Carolina 142 4 0 3 9 158 South Dakota 41 0 0 0 1 42 Tennessee 273 13 2 5 0 293 Texas 667 131 20 21 1 840 Utah 114 22 0 1 0 137 Vermont 36 0 0 0 0 36 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 19 19 Virginia 151 7 1 5 1 165 Washington 0 0 0 0 290 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 23 State West Virginia Wisconsin English 33 121 Spanish 1 4 Sign Language 0 3 Other 0 2 Unknown or Missing 26 2 Total 60 132 Wyoming Total 39 7,533 3 969 0 125 1 264 0 1,694 43 10,585 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 24 3 Documented Hearing and Vision Loss The range and types of hearing and vision loss illustrate the diversity of the deafblind population. Only about 1% of children have profound hearing loss and total blindness. The other 99% have some residual hearing or vision. 3.1 Summary of Vision Loss Data • Just under 80% (8,450) of children were identified as having low vision, being legally blind, or having documented functional vision loss Bullet Low vision (34%) Bullet Legally blind(21%) Bullet Documented functional vision loss (25%) • 4% were totally blind • 30% had cortical visual impairment 3.2 Summary of Hearing Loss Data • Profound hearing loss was the most common primary classification of hearing impairment reported, occurring in 21% of children • 14% had mild hearing loss • 20% had moderate hearing loss • 16% had moderately severe hearing loss • 9% had severe hearing loss • 13% had documented functional hearing loss • 5% were identified as needing further hearing tests Relatively few children were identified as having central auditory processing disorder (397) or auditory neuropathy (546). These numbers represent 4% and 5% of the population respectively. 3.3 Use of Corrective and Assistive Devices There has been a significant increase over the past five years in the percentage of children with corrective lenses (42% to 47%) and assistive listening devices (49% to 54%). The number of children identified as having cochlear implants was 1,404 (13%) in 2022. Changes by age group are as follows: • Birth through age 2 – increased from 7% in 2021 to 9% in 2022. • 3 through 5 – decreased from 13% in 2021 to 11% in 2022. • 6 through 21 – remained the same from 2021 at 41% to 2022 at 41%. The percentage of children who use assistive technology was 46% (4,918). Of these, 50% had four or more additional disabilities, while only 8% had no additional disabilities. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 25 3.4 Primary Classification of Vision Impairment State Low Vision Legally Blind Light Perception Only Totally Blind Diagnosed Progressive Vision Loss Further Testing Needed Documented Functional Vision Loss Total Alabama 108 37 8 10 8 17 53 241 Alaska 5 5 1 0 6 0 6 23 Arizona 68 25 5 3 12 22 125 260 Arkansas 107 51 16 12 16 3 49 254 California 328 203 44 38 19 221 171 1,024 Colorado 78 40 7 7 13 4 0 149 Connecticut 16 30 4 3 5 4 5 67 Delaware 10 7 0 0 1 1 37 56 District of Columbia 2 1 0 0 0 0 18 21 Florida 179 99 43 27 50 23 201 622 Georgia 79 95 15 21 20 7 87 324 Hawaii 4 7 1 4 4 1 28 49 Idaho 24 16 2 1 7 3 20 73 Illinois 90 42 26 11 10 1 65 245 Indiana 88 43 14 12 12 1 54 224 Iowa 38 12 8 7 13 2 35 115 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 26 State Low Vision Legally Blind Light Perception Only Totally Blind Diagnosed Progressive Vision Loss Further Testing Needed Documented Functional Vision Loss Total Kansas 41 38 7 4 4 0 44 138 Kentucky 87 42 13 6 1 0 3 152 Louisiana 32 20 5 5 17 4 29 112 Maine 24 6 0 2 4 1 18 55 Maryland 43 20 6 5 6 0 101 181 Massachusetts 92 70 8 10 17 5 36 238 Michigan 88 75 12 20 24 8 87 314 Minnesota 171 58 16 11 31 4 66 357 Mississippi 30 17 19 4 3 2 13 88 Missouri 73 62 10 6 15 4 71 241 Montana 9 11 0 3 6 1 11 41 Nebraska 40 33 6 1 8 3 17 108 Nevada 23 22 8 5 6 10 36 110 New Hampshire 36 15 1 3 1 0 28 84 New Jersey 80 38 14 4 7 6 16 165 New Mexico 62 29 4 4 2 2 36 139 New York 135 181 15 17 31 4 34 417 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 27 State Low Vision Legally Blind Light Perception Only Totally Blind Diagnosed Progressive Vision Loss Further Testing Needed Documented Functional Vision Loss Total North Carolina 99 76 13 18 5 35 105 351 North Dakota 5 8 3 0 4 4 12 36 Ohio 95 70 16 17 15 2 124 339 Oklahoma 64 34 15 7 6 5 38 169 Oregon 32 17 3 3 6 5 26 92 Pacific Basin 9 2 3 11 3 1 38 67 Pennsylvania 161 102 13 18 34 32 184 544 Puerto Rico 14 6 4 5 0 1 7 37 Rhode Island 13 11 4 2 1 3 14 48 South Carolina 49 30 5 3 6 17 48 158 South Dakota 10 9 2 4 4 1 12 42 Tennessee 116 70 43 9 9 2 44 293 Texas 326 212 33 51 105 22 91 840 Utah 81 23 7 7 16 0 3 137 Vermont 12 7 0 1 0 1 15 36 Virgin Islands 1 2 0 0 0 1 15 19 Virginia 44 25 5 5 12 1 73 165 Washington 89 62 8 10 15 21 85 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 28 State West Virginia Wisconsin Low Vision 19 44 Legally Blind 12 32 Light Perception Only 2 4 Totally Blind 2 11 Diagnosed Progressive Vision Loss 4 6 Further Testing Needed 1 3 Documented Functional Vision Loss 20 32 Total 60 132 Wyoming Total 8 3,581 9 2,269 0 521 0 450 3 633 9 531 14 2,600 43 10,585 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 29 3.5 Cortical Visual Impairment State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 9 210 22 241 Alaska 5 18 0 23 Arizona 122 92 46 260 Arkansas 79 153 22 254 California 199 455 370 1,024 Colorado 64 83 2 149 Connecticut 18 46 3 67 Delaware 32 24 0 56 District of Columbia 9 12 0 21 Florida 90 301 231 622 Georgia 111 177 36 324 Hawaii 15 27 7 49 Idaho 29 25 19 73 Illinois 73 140 32 245 Indiana 37 112 75 224 Iowa 38 76 1 115 Kansas 80 37 21 138 Kentucky 74 78 0 152 Louisiana 11 74 27 112 Maine 10 36 9 55 Maryland 65 116 0 181 Massachusetts 87 123 28 238 Michigan 85 197 32 314 Minnesota 116 224 17 357 Mississippi 31 37 20 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 30 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 66 132 43 241 Montana 18 19 4 41 Nebraska 23 61 24 108 Nevada 32 33 45 110 New Hampshire 26 45 13 84 New Jersey 56 86 23 165 New Mexico 69 53 17 139 New York 146 258 13 417 North Carolina 123 168 60 351 North Dakota 8 14 14 36 Ohio 94 131 114 339 Oklahoma 60 95 14 169 Oregon 30 50 12 92 Pacific Basin 7 17 43 67 Pennsylvania 167 221 156 544 Puerto Rico 12 21 4 37 Rhode Island 25 19 4 48 South Carolina 46 80 32 158 South Dakota 12 25 5 42 Tennessee 132 142 19 293 Texas 251 567 22 840 Utah 58 79 0 137 Vermont 21 7 8 36 Virgin Islands 1 0 18 19 Virginia 55 82 28 165 Washington 99 85 106 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 31 Unknown or State Yes No Total Missing West Virginia 31 19 10 60 Wisconsin 51 52 29 132 Wyoming 11 18 14 43 Total 3,219 5,452 1,914 10,585 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 32 3.6 Corrective Lenses State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 132 102 7 241 Alaska 14 9 0 23 Arizona 82 116 62 260 Arkansas 106 134 14 254 California 464 314 246 1,024 Colorado 83 63 3 149 Connecticut 22 27 18 67 Delaware 25 20 11 56 District of Columbia 8 13 0 21 Florida 183 172 267 622 Georgia 164 158 2 324 Hawaii 5 42 2 49 Idaho 27 39 7 73 Illinois 124 109 12 245 Indiana 111 111 2 224 Iowa 56 56 3 115 Kansas 83 51 4 138 Kentucky 71 81 0 152 Louisiana 61 37 14 112 Maine 20 23 12 55 Maryland 77 104 0 181 Massachusetts 100 78 60 238 Michigan 152 161 1 314 Minnesota 190 149 18 357 Mississippi 40 45 3 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 33 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 116 105 20 241 Montana 22 18 1 41 Nebraska 61 47 0 108 Nevada 57 49 4 110 New Hampshire 38 26 20 84 New Jersey 58 104 3 165 New Mexico 71 66 2 139 New York 181 194 42 417 North Carolina 157 146 48 351 North Dakota 17 16 3 36 Ohio 165 121 53 339 Oklahoma 80 89 0 169 Oregon 49 36 7 92 Pacific Basin 5 58 4 67 Pennsylvania 266 243 35 544 Puerto Rico 14 23 0 37 Rhode Island 24 24 0 48 South Carolina 95 56 7 158 South Dakota 23 19 0 42 Tennessee 166 118 9 293 Texas 482 335 23 840 Utah 77 60 0 137 Vermont 10 17 9 36 Virgin Islands 1 1 17 19 Virginia 81 79 5 165 Washington 128 148 14 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 34 Unknown or State Yes No Total Missing West Virginia 35 23 2 60 Wisconsin 63 64 5 132 Wyoming 25 18 0 43 Total 4,967 4,517 1,101 10,585 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 35 3.7 Primary Classification of Hearing Impairment State Mild Moderate Moderately Severe Severe Profound Diagnosed Progressive Loss Further Testing Needed Documented Functional Hearing Loss Total Alabama 36 32 61 17 52 2 9 32 241 Alaska 3 7 4 2 5 0 0 2 23 Arizona 21 57 46 25 88 3 9 11 260 Arkansas 44 36 16 18 23 4 3 110 254 California 91 161 164 98 231 5 195 79 1,024 Colorado 31 35 25 21 29 2 6 0 149 Connecticut 11 14 8 4 24 1 4 1 67 Delaware 6 18 14 2 5 0 1 10 56 District of Columbia 3 4 3 1 4 0 0 6 21 Florida 80 111 81 52 121 3 10 164 622 Georgia 61 77 62 38 55 3 9 19 324 Hawaii 4 5 10 2 6 0 1 21 49 Idaho 15 25 7 2 8 4 3 9 73 Illinois 68 49 35 22 39 4 0 28 245 Indiana 33 52 33 26 40 0 0 40 224 Iowa 15 22 17 23 25 2 0 11 115 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 36 State Mild Moderate Moderately Severe Severe Profound Diagnosed Progressive Loss Further Testing Needed Documented Functional Hearing Loss Total Kansas 22 23 16 12 24 0 2 39 138 Kentucky 30 39 28 16 30 0 0 9 152 Louisiana 12 20 11 12 35 1 3 18 112 Maine 6 18 12 1 11 2 0 5 55 Maryland 20 29 33 20 44 4 0 31 181 Massachusetts 49 42 43 19 39 5 10 31 238 Michigan 32 58 34 28 65 3 8 86 314 Minnesota 56 111 59 31 74 7 1 18 357 Mississippi 12 11 16 12 22 1 8 6 88 Missouri 33 49 46 20 48 8 7 30 241 Montana 6 6 9 0 8 2 1 9 41 Nebraska 12 25 16 19 30 0 1 5 108 Nevada 14 20 9 8 21 1 13 24 110 New Hampshire 14 18 14 9 9 0 0 20 84 New Jersey 13 43 38 16 37 2 11 5 165 New Mexico 37 34 12 19 29 1 0 7 139 New York 40 73 98 31 109 19 3 44 417 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 37 State Mild Moderate Moderately Severe Severe Profound Diagnosed Progressive Loss Further Testing Needed Documented Functional Hearing Loss Total North Carolina 41 79 56 28 83 2 24 38 351 North Dakota 2 6 6 3 14 2 1 2 36 Ohio 32 47 48 32 60 4 9 107 339 Oklahoma 23 22 33 20 44 1 7 19 169 Oregon 12 26 16 11 20 1 0 6 92 Pacific Basin 6 5 4 0 13 0 0 39 67 Pennsylvania 76 126 75 26 119 10 26 86 544 Puerto Rico 6 4 9 4 10 0 0 4 37 Rhode Island 7 9 8 4 7 0 5 8 48 South Carolina 29 32 22 22 26 0 8 19 158 South Dakota 8 5 9 2 10 1 0 7 42 Tennessee 34 49 61 33 57 2 34 23 293 Texas 114 192 121 85 181 78 36 33 840 Utah 18 38 27 21 26 2 2 3 137 Vermont 6 8 5 4 7 0 2 4 36 Virgin Islands 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 15 19 Virginia 37 19 32 13 35 3 2 24 165 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 38 State Mild Moderate Moderately Severe Severe Profound Diagnosed Progressive Loss Further Testing Needed Documented Functional Hearing Loss Total Washington 35 53 50 37 75 2 16 22 290 West Virginia 7 15 11 4 12 3 1 7 60 Wisconsin 12 25 29 12 39 1 1 13 132 Wyoming 4 8 6 6 13 1 1 4 43 Total 1,439 2,093 1,709 994 2,242 202 493 1,413 10,585 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 39 3.8 Central Auditory Processing Disorder State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 1 214 26 241 Alaska 2 20 1 23 Arizona 2 198 60 260 Arkansas 2 92 160 254 California 45 368 611 1,024 Colorado 2 138 9 149 Connecticut 1 32 34 67 Delaware 0 23 33 56 District of Columbia 0 21 0 21 Florida 15 299 308 622 Georgia 12 217 95 324 Hawaii 1 30 18 49 Idaho 8 42 23 73 Illinois 3 170 72 245 Indiana 7 107 110 224 Iowa 2 78 35 115 Kansas 11 67 60 138 Kentucky 15 137 0 152 Louisiana 7 79 26 112 Maine 0 36 19 55 Maryland 1 178 2 181 Massachusetts 6 92 140 238 Michigan 16 255 43 314 Minnesota 4 265 88 357 Mississippi 5 64 19 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 40 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 13 172 56 241 Montana 5 27 9 41 Nebraska 3 81 24 108 Nevada 3 41 66 110 New Hampshire 8 30 46 84 New Jersey 8 95 62 165 New Mexico 5 95 39 139 New York 20 361 36 417 North Carolina 14 254 83 351 North Dakota 2 25 9 36 Ohio 29 150 160 339 Oklahoma 7 124 38 169 Oregon 3 54 35 92 Pacific Basin 3 26 38 67 Pennsylvania 17 338 189 544 Puerto Rico 10 21 6 37 Rhode Island 0 34 14 48 South Carolina 2 91 65 158 South Dakota 1 33 8 42 Tennessee 7 248 38 293 Texas 26 647 167 840 Utah 2 135 0 137 Vermont 3 11 22 36 Virgin Islands 0 1 18 19 Virginia 6 117 42 165 Washington 12 99 179 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 41 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total West Virginia 0 40 20 60 Wisconsin 18 65 49 132 Wyoming 2 21 20 43 Total 397 6,658 3,530 10,585 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 42 3.9 Auditory Neuropathy State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 5 212 24 241 Alaska 1 20 2 23 Arizona 7 189 64 260 Arkansas 5 132 117 254 California 39 376 609 1,024 Colorado 5 137 7 149 Connecticut 4 31 32 67 Delaware 8 19 29 56 District of Columbia 3 18 0 21 Florida 27 281 314 622 Georgia 35 209 80 324 Hawaii 3 23 23 49 Idaho 3 43 27 73 Illinois 17 174 54 245 Indiana 13 97 114 224 Iowa 2 78 35 115 Kansas 4 76 58 138 Kentucky 2 150 0 152 Louisiana 10 80 22 112 Maine 1 39 15 55 Maryland 11 170 0 181 Massachusetts 8 110 120 238 Michigan 9 266 39 314 Minnesota 24 253 80 357 Mississippi 2 61 25 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 43 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 9 172 60 241 Montana 7 25 9 41 Nebraska 8 76 24 108 Nevada 6 45 59 110 New Hampshire 5 30 49 84 New Jersey 13 67 85 165 New Mexico 8 99 32 139 New York 30 345 42 417 North Carolina 30 224 97 351 North Dakota 0 26 10 36 Ohio 23 158 158 339 Oklahoma 11 128 30 169 Oregon 13 50 29 92 Pacific Basin 3 24 40 67 Pennsylvania 32 301 211 544 Puerto Rico 2 33 2 37 Rhode Island 1 41 6 48 South Carolina 6 96 56 158 South Dakota 3 33 6 42 Tennessee 8 229 56 293 Texas 44 618 178 840 Utah 5 132 0 137 Vermont 2 15 19 36 Virgin Islands 0 0 19 19 Virginia 6 117 42 165 Washington 13 93 184 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 44 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total West Virginia 1 40 19 60 Wisconsin 8 69 55 132 Wyoming 1 21 21 43 Total 546 6,551 3,488 10,585 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 45 3.10 Cochlear Implant State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 28 205 8 241 Alaska 6 17 0 23 Arizona 31 221 8 260 Arkansas 7 239 8 254 California 74 623 327 1,024 Colorado 20 128 1 149 Connecticut 10 33 24 67 Delaware 0 23 33 56 District of Columbia 4 17 0 21 Florida 59 396 167 622 Georgia 30 293 1 324 Hawaii 2 46 1 49 Idaho 15 50 8 73 Illinois 55 183 7 245 Indiana 32 189 3 224 Iowa 33 79 3 115 Kansas 21 115 2 138 Kentucky 24 128 0 152 Louisiana 26 77 9 112 Maine 9 36 10 55 Maryland 32 149 0 181 Massachusetts 18 128 92 238 Michigan 46 254 14 314 Minnesota 46 307 4 357 Mississippi 15 70 3 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 46 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 38 173 30 241 Montana 5 36 0 41 Nebraska 17 91 0 108 Nevada 12 93 5 110 New Hampshire 2 53 29 84 New Jersey 25 137 3 165 New Mexico 13 122 4 139 New York 66 322 29 417 North Carolina 47 291 13 351 North Dakota 12 24 0 36 Ohio 50 244 45 339 Oklahoma 36 130 3 169 Oregon 13 69 10 92 Pacific Basin 0 64 3 67 Pennsylvania 85 433 26 544 Puerto Rico 3 34 0 37 Rhode Island 4 44 0 48 South Carolina 17 119 22 158 South Dakota 6 36 0 42 Tennessee 34 250 9 293 Texas 160 648 32 840 Utah 19 118 0 137 Vermont 3 20 13 36 Virgin Islands 0 2 17 19 Virginia 32 128 5 165 Washington 30 225 35 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 47 West Virginia 5 54 1 60 Wisconsin 24 104 4 132 Wyoming 3 40 0 43 Total 1,404 8,110 1,071 10,585 Unknown or State Yes No Total Missing 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 48 Alabama 121 113 7 241 Alaska 19 3 1 23 Arizona 111 92 57 260 Arkansas 75 167 12 254 California 510 225 289 1,024 Colorado 114 35 0 149 Connecticut 37 12 18 67 Delaware 33 12 11 56 District of Columbia 9 12 0 21 Florida 227 144 251 622 Georgia 180 144 0 324 Hawaii 10 37 2 49 Idaho 51 15 7 73 Illinois 185 53 7 245 Indiana 121 102 1 224 Iowa 77 36 2 115 Kansas 59 76 3 138 Kentucky 104 48 0 152 Louisiana 56 45 11 112 Maine 37 8 10 55 Maryland 110 71 0 181 Massachusetts 94 68 76 238 Michigan 154 158 2 314 Minnesota 224 119 14 357 Mississippi 54 32 2 88 3.11 Assistive Listening Devices State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 49 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 167 60 14 241 Montana 19 21 1 41 Nebraska 72 36 0 108 Nevada 45 63 2 110 New Hampshire 44 22 18 84 New Jersey 82 79 4 165 New Mexico 73 62 4 139 New York 230 152 35 417 North Carolina 179 152 20 351 North Dakota 19 12 5 36 Ohio 172 94 73 339 Oklahoma 67 101 1 169 Oregon 63 19 10 92 Pacific Basin 5 57 5 67 Pennsylvania 336 176 32 544 Puerto Rico 20 16 1 37 Rhode Island 27 21 0 48 South Carolina 98 50 10 158 South Dakota 25 16 1 42 Tennessee 144 137 12 293 Texas 511 307 22 840 Utah 75 62 0 137 Vermont 17 11 8 36 Virgin Islands 1 1 17 19 Virginia 95 66 4 165 Washington 180 98 12 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 50 West Virginia 43 15 2 60 Wisconsin 79 51 2 132 Wyoming 26 16 1 43 Total 5,686 3,800 1,099 10,585 Unknown or State Yes No Total Missing 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 51 3.12 Additional Assistive Technology State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 53 182 6 241 Alaska 22 1 0 23 Arizona 21 61 178 260 Arkansas 80 141 33 254 California 280 304 440 1,024 Colorado 81 68 0 149 Connecticut 15 25 27 67 Delaware 26 19 11 56 District of Columbia 4 17 0 21 Florida 121 129 372 622 Georgia 182 142 0 324 Hawaii 2 46 1 49 Idaho 2 71 0 73 Illinois 159 67 19 245 Indiana 95 123 6 224 Iowa 56 54 5 115 Kansas 105 28 5 138 Kentucky 131 21 0 152 Louisiana 59 41 12 112 Maine 12 38 5 55 Maryland 69 112 0 181 Massachusetts 55 82 101 238 Michigan 193 115 6 314 Minnesota 168 167 22 357 Mississippi 13 62 13 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 52 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 127 86 28 241 Montana 29 8 4 41 Nebraska 66 40 2 108 Nevada 56 49 5 110 New Hampshire 20 33 31 84 New Jersey 46 111 8 165 New Mexico 46 79 14 139 New York 302 109 6 417 North Carolina 127 183 41 351 North Dakota 23 6 7 36 Ohio 183 82 74 339 Oklahoma 51 111 7 169 Oregon 38 41 13 92 Pacific Basin 0 67 0 67 Pennsylvania 331 163 50 544 Puerto Rico 30 5 2 37 Rhode Island 44 4 0 48 South Carolina 57 77 24 158 South Dakota 26 16 0 42 Tennessee 59 218 16 293 Texas 739 101 0 840 Utah 102 35 0 137 Vermont 20 7 9 36 Virgin Islands 0 1 18 19 Virginia 123 39 3 165 Washington 112 135 43 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 53 West Virginia 35 24 1 60 Wisconsin 89 38 5 132 Wyoming 33 9 1 43 Total 4,918 3,993 1,674 10,585 Unknown or State Yes No Total Missing 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 54 4 Etiologies There are many causes of deafblindness, and each has unique characteristics and challenges. More than 70 causes were identified in 2022. Some are more prevalent, such as CHARGE Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Usher Syndrome, and Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV), with 100 or more cases of each reported every year. Annually, about 20 identified causes have fewer than 10 reported cases. Some of these, such as Waardenburg Syndrome and Cogan Syndrome, are exceedingly rare with just one or two cases reported annually. Here are some highlights from the data: • The number of children with hereditary syndromes and disorders was 5,189 in 2022, accounting for 49% of all etiologies. • The number of children with CHARGE syndrome was 1,051. • The prevalence of Stickler syndrome increased and Cornelia de Lange Syndrome decreased but both are still relatively rare. • Prenatal congenital complications accounted for 13% and postnatal non- congenital complications accounted for 11%. • Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS), which has long been associated with deafblindness, is no longer common in the U.S.; 26 children had CRS, which is down from 30 in 2021. Of these, 15% are younger than 10, and the youngest age is 3. • The etiology was undetermined in 1,872. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 55 4.1.1 Hereditary Syndromes/Disorders 4.1.2 Prenatal/Congenital Complications Asphyxia 145 Severe Head Injury 137 Meningitis 125 4.1 Primary Identified Etiology Condition Total CHARGE Syndrome 1,051 Usher Syndrome (I,II,III) 460 Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21 Syndrome) 367 Stickler Syndrome 146 Dandy Walker Syndrome 109 Goldenhar Syndrome 105 Cornelia de Lange 102 Other Hereditary Syndromes/Disorders 2,848 Total Hereditary Syndromes/Disorders 5,189 Condition Total Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 302 Hydrocephaly 241 Microcephaly 196 Congenital Rubella 26 Other Prenatal/Congenital Conditions 657 Total Prenatal/Congenital Complications 1,422 4.1.3 Postnatal/Non-congenital Complications Condition Total 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 56 Condition Total Other Postnatal/Non-Congenital Complications 758 Total Postnatal/Non-Congenital Complications 1,166 4.1.4 Other Etiologies Condition Total Complication of Prematurity 914 No Determination of Etiology 1,872 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 57 4.2 Hereditary Syndromes/Disorders State CHARGE syndrome Usher syndrome (I,II,III) Down syndrome (Trisomy 21 syndrome) Stickler syndrome Dandy Walker syndrome Goldenhar syndrome Cornelia de Lange Other hereditary syndromes/ disorders Alabama 9 11 9 3 2 2 0 122 Alaska 6 5 1 1 0 0 0 2 Arizona 36 16 3 1 4 5 1 81 Arkansas 11 4 9 2 2 1 1 73 California 113 31 49 12 9 7 3 243 Colorado 14 8 8 2 2 1 1 47 Connecticut 12 7 1 0 0 0 1 15 Delaware 2 0 1 0 3 0 1 10 District of Columbia 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 Florida 70 35 16 3 2 4 4 105 Georgia 26 10 13 8 7 4 3 85 Hawaii 1 0 3 2 0 0 0 8 Idaho 6 6 2 2 2 0 0 32 Illinois 35 11 8 3 2 3 5 62 Indiana 18 6 2 5 3 3 2 43 Iowa 17 12 6 0 2 2 2 30 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 58 State CHARGE syndrome Usher syndrome (I,II,III) Down syndrome (Trisomy 21 syndrome) Stickler syndrome Dandy Walker syndrome Goldenhar syndrome Cornelia de Lange Other hereditary syndromes/ disorders Kansas 7 2 7 2 0 0 2 51 Kentucky 16 6 5 2 1 2 1 33 Louisiana 6 15 5 1 0 0 0 37 Maine 9 2 1 0 1 1 1 14 Maryland 22 7 5 3 2 1 4 35 Massachusetts 28 14 14 1 1 0 3 54 Michigan 29 17 11 5 6 1 7 92 Minnesota 30 18 11 14 2 2 4 133 Mississippi 5 0 3 1 0 0 2 19 Missouri 25 6 7 12 3 4 3 69 Montana 3 4 0 1 0 0 1 17 Nebraska 10 8 3 1 0 2 2 35 Nevada 8 5 6 0 4 2 2 37 New Hampshire 5 0 5 0 2 0 3 25 New Jersey 27 9 3 0 4 0 1 36 New Mexico 6 1 8 2 0 3 1 40 New York 66 30 12 2 7 6 8 107 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 59 State CHARGE syndrome Usher syndrome (I,II,III) Down syndrome (Trisomy 21 syndrome) Stickler syndrome Dandy Walker syndrome Goldenhar syndrome Cornelia de Lange Other hereditary syndromes/ disorders North Carolina 25 4 6 2 2 5 1 19 North Dakota 4 4 0 0 1 0 0 8 Ohio 40 15 3 12 1 5 2 70 Oklahoma 13 8 11 0 1 1 0 31 Oregon 8 2 4 3 1 3 0 37 Pacific Basin 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 Pennsylvania 39 21 17 6 3 6 2 150 Puerto Rico 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 10 Rhode Island 2 1 3 0 2 3 0 9 South Carolina 28 12 3 3 3 1 1 35 South Dakota 6 4 3 0 0 1 0 6 Tennessee 32 9 5 2 3 1 6 77 Texas 89 30 40 11 7 12 5 313 Utah 12 9 6 3 1 1 1 41 Vermont 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 6 Virgin Islands 3 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 Virginia 15 9 2 3 1 3 4 36 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 60 State CHARGE syndrome Usher syndrome (I,II,III) Down syndrome (Trisomy 21 syndrome) Stickler syndrome Dandy Walker syndrome Goldenhar syndrome Cornelia de Lange Other hereditary syndromes/ disorders Washington 22 15 13 4 6 4 6 115 West Virginia 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 22 Wisconsin 24 6 2 3 2 1 1 34 Wyoming 3 0 2 0 0 0 1 26 Total 1,051 460 367 146 109 105 102 2,848 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 61 4.3 Prenatal/Congenital Complications State Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hydrocephaly Microcephaly Other prenatal/congenital conditions Alabama 8 4 0 15 Alaska 0 0 0 2 Arizona 15 3 2 9 Arkansas 11 13 8 24 California 11 17 29 57 Colorado 6 4 2 9 Connecticut 4 1 0 4 Delaware 2 2 3 3 District of Columbia 0 1 0 3 Florida 13 11 7 41 Georgia 8 6 2 12 Hawaii 1 0 0 3 Idaho 3 3 1 1 Illinois 8 10 4 20 Indiana 9 3 2 11 Iowa 6 0 3 10 Kansas 4 5 5 7 Kentucky 11 1 0 12 Louisiana 5 3 2 0 Maine 3 2 1 7 Maryland 8 2 1 12 Massachusetts 5 2 11 16 Michigan 2 6 7 11 Minnesota 16 5 4 9 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 62 State Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hydrocephaly Microcephaly Other prenatal/congenital conditions Mississippi 4 6 2 6 Missouri 7 8 2 18 Montana 1 1 0 3 Nebraska 4 2 2 2 Nevada 2 4 4 10 New Hampshire 6 1 6 5 New Jersey 3 4 2 13 New Mexico 4 5 0 13 New York 14 8 4 20 North Carolina 3 8 5 2 North Dakota 1 2 1 2 Ohio 5 6 9 27 Oklahoma 12 9 6 15 Oregon 3 1 1 10 Pacific Basin 0 0 1 4 Pennsylvania 12 12 7 70 Puerto Rico 0 2 3 0 Rhode Island 0 3 1 3 South Carolina 6 3 1 7 South Dakota 1 2 0 1 Tennessee 13 5 7 21 Texas 18 22 11 29 Utah 3 7 5 17 Vermont 0 1 1 2 Virgin Islands 1 0 0 4 Virginia 5 4 1 30 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 63 State Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hydrocephaly Microcephaly Other prenatal/congenital conditions Washington 10 6 15 13 West Virginia 0 1 2 6 Wisconsin 5 4 3 6 Wyoming 0 0 0 0 Total 302 241 196 657 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 64 4.4 Postnatal/Non-Congenital Complications State Asphyxia Severe head injury Meningitis Other postnatal/non- congenital Alabama 0 0 2 27 Alaska 0 0 0 3 Arizona 0 3 6 13 Arkansas 3 12 5 24 California 13 7 10 57 Colorado 2 0 4 15 Connecticut 1 1 0 7 Delaware 2 1 1 11 District of Columbia 0 0 1 2 Florida 1 0 3 48 Georgia 20 9 2 12 Hawaii 0 0 1 3 Idaho 1 1 0 3 Illinois 6 3 3 9 Indiana 1 4 1 9 Iowa 1 1 0 8 Kansas 4 6 1 11 Kentucky 3 2 2 3 Louisiana 1 0 1 4 Maine 2 1 0 3 Maryland 2 2 1 14 Massachusetts 2 5 2 18 Michigan 10 5 6 13 Minnesota 4 6 6 13 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 65 State Asphyxia Severe head injury Meningitis Other postnatal/non- congenital Mississippi 0 0 2 10 Missouri 2 3 2 23 Montana 1 1 0 2 Nebraska 2 1 3 7 Nevada 1 5 0 6 New Hampshire 1 1 0 6 New Jersey 5 3 1 13 New Mexico 2 2 2 11 New York 2 6 5 28 North Carolina 1 3 4 74 North Dakota 0 1 3 3 Ohio 3 2 1 22 Oklahoma 2 4 3 12 Oregon 0 0 0 4 Pacific Basin 0 2 4 3 Pennsylvania 4 2 4 59 Puerto Rico 2 0 1 3 Rhode Island 2 0 0 1 South Carolina 4 1 1 19 South Dakota 1 2 1 4 Tennessee 9 13 8 24 Texas 6 5 12 46 Utah 3 0 1 6 Vermont 4 0 2 4 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 2 Virginia 1 0 0 16 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 66 State Asphyxia Severe head injury Meningitis Other postnatal/non- congenital Washington 3 5 4 11 West Virginia 1 1 0 3 Wisconsin 4 5 3 6 Wyoming 0 0 0 0 Total 145 137 125 758 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 67 4.5 Other Etiologies State Complication of prematurity No determination of etiology State Total All Etiologies Alabama 9 18 241 Alaska 0 3 23 Arizona 16 46 260 Arkansas 26 25 254 California 68 281 1,024 Colorado 4 20 149 Connecticut 6 7 67 Delaware 8 6 56 District of Columbia 2 4 21 Florida 42 214 622 Georgia 59 38 324 Hawaii 2 25 49 Idaho 4 6 73 Illinois 32 19 245 Indiana 25 77 224 Iowa 9 5 115 Kansas 5 19 138 Kentucky 31 21 152 Louisiana 9 23 112 Maine 1 5 55 Maryland 17 41 181 Massachusetts 17 44 238 Michigan 32 52 314 Minnesota 30 50 357 Mississippi 15 13 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 68 State Complication of prematurity No determination of etiology State Total All Etiologies Missouri 16 31 241 Montana 1 5 41 Nebraska 12 12 108 Nevada 8 6 110 New Hampshire 3 14 84 New Jersey 11 29 165 New Mexico 8 11 139 New York 43 47 417 North Carolina 41 146 351 North Dakota 3 3 36 Ohio 27 88 339 Oklahoma 15 26 169 Oregon 2 13 92 Pacific Basin 0 49 67 Pennsylvania 54 76 544 Puerto Rico 5 6 37 Rhode Island 14 4 48 South Carolina 12 18 158 South Dakota 2 7 42 Tennessee 43 14 293 Texas 74 107 840 Utah 7 14 137 Vermont 3 7 36 Virgin Islands 1 1 19 Virginia 10 25 165 Washington 20 18 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 69 West Virginia 4 6 60 Wisconsin 6 16 132 Wyoming 0 11 43 Total 914 1,872 10,585 State Complication of prematurity No determination of etiology State Total All Etiologies 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 70 5 Additional Disabilities In 2022, 88% of children were identified as having one or more additional disabilities, most commonly speech/language impairments (77%), cognitive impairments (64%), and orthopedic/physical impairments (58%). Approximately half (52%) were identified as having complex healthcare needs. The number with multiple additional disabilities has increased over time. In 2005, just 13% had four or more additional disabilities. In 2022, the number was 44%. Twelve percent had no additional disabilities. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 71 5.1 Additional Disabilities State Orthopedic/ Physical Impairments Intellectual/ Cognitive Disabilities Emotional/ Behavioral Disorders Other Health Impaired/ Complex Health Care Needs Communication/ Speech/ Language Impairments Other Impairments/ Disabilities One or More Additional Disabilities Alabama 84 104 33 73 151 50 172 Alaska 8 17 9 11 17 2 21 Arizona 135 156 4 108 193 20 221 Arkansas 195 214 28 184 229 32 242 California 476 582 128 472 687 331 829 Colorado 74 84 2 87 106 16 129 Connecticut 25 24 6 21 34 15 39 Delaware 27 22 2 21 47 1 53 District of Columbia 11 11 1 12 17 1 18 Florida 238 253 33 225 375 100 438 Georgia 152 244 6 97 221 19 299 Hawaii 22 41 5 30 42 30 46 Idaho 55 52 17 36 60 17 66 Illinois 170 159 21 124 169 13 223 Indiana 98 125 17 102 170 28 185 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 72 State Orthopedic/ Physical Impairments Intellectual/ Cognitive Disabilities Emotional/ Behavioral Disorders Other Health Impaired/ Complex Health Care Needs Communication/ Speech/ Language Impairments Other Impairments/ Disabilities One or More Additional Disabilities Iowa 70 81 22 68 85 6 96 Kansas 102 113 13 96 118 71 132 Kentucky 86 107 9 83 135 12 140 Louisiana 66 58 27 53 86 50 101 Maine 31 25 4 24 44 15 45 Maryland 114 120 19 100 146 17 160 Massachusetts 117 122 30 125 170 22 182 Michigan 215 234 55 166 265 68 295 Minnesota 250 251 40 236 276 2 324 Mississippi 65 67 2 61 75 16 84 Missouri 155 149 13 136 192 14 221 Montana 24 24 4 26 34 16 37 Nebraska 68 76 10 60 93 42 104 Nevada 80 84 9 80 101 6 105 New Hampshire 43 39 10 38 54 13 61 New Jersey 108 101 21 107 134 7 153 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 73 State Orthopedic/ Physical Impairments Intellectual/ Cognitive Disabilities Emotional/ Behavioral Disorders Other Health Impaired/ Complex Health Care Needs Communication/ Speech/ Language Impairments Other Impairments/ Disabilities One or More Additional Disabilities New Mexico 83 89 20 79 104 34 116 New York 284 292 83 259 336 69 390 North Carolina 161 233 256 20 215 218 322 North Dakota 24 24 3 21 25 3 28 Ohio 193 207 45 184 247 54 278 Oklahoma 100 132 10 81 133 18 154 Oregon 58 51 4 44 58 16 77 Pacific Basin 17 39 13 27 61 51 62 Pennsylvania 391 412 65 367 492 67 524 Puerto Rico 19 11 5 24 26 9 33 Rhode Island 41 40 0 36 44 14 46 South Carolina 90 90 7 82 120 26 142 South Dakota 26 29 7 18 33 4 34 Tennessee 236 241 13 218 273 30 285 Texas 478 524 55 416 690 293 780 Utah 94 108 10 88 121 0 127 Vermont 23 26 5 19 26 3 27 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 74 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Virginia 108 109 6 117 133 16 155 Washington 217 219 24 196 266 84 276 West Virginia 28 30 4 27 40 1 51 Wisconsin 95 87 29 99 114 58 123 Wyoming 32 32 9 28 41 16 43 Total 6,162 6,764 1,273 5,512 8,125 2,136 9,295 State Orthopedic/ Physical Impairments Intellectual/ Cognitive Disabilities Emotional/ Behavioral Disorders Other Health Impaired/ Complex Health Care Needs Communication/ Speech/ Language Impairments Other Impairments/ Disabilities One or More Additional Disabilities 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 75 6 Part C Information Under IDEA, eligibility for Part C services is based on how each state defines an infant or toddler with a disability, which must include those with a developmental delay and those “with diagnosed physical or mental conditions with a high probability of resulting in developmental delay” (Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, 2021). Most children who are deafblind were reported under the Part C Developmental Delay category. Some state Part C programs include the category “At-Risk.” About 21% of children in the deafblind count were reported in this category. Almost all Part C intervention services were provided in the home. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 76 6.1 IDEA Part C Reported Category State At-Risk Developmental Delay Not Reported Under Part C Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 4 1 0 0 5 Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 5 11 1 0 17 Arkansas 0 1 2 0 3 California 7 22 2 7 38 Colorado 3 5 2 0 10 Connecticut 1 5 1 0 7 Delaware 0 1 0 0 1 District of Columbia 0 1 0 0 1 Florida 0 21 0 0 21 Georgia 12 1 1 0 14 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 Idaho 8 1 0 1 10 Illinois 3 8 0 0 11 Indiana 1 0 1 0 2 Iowa 1 2 1 0 4 Kansas 1 5 0 0 6 Kentucky 3 9 0 0 12 Louisiana 1 2 0 1 4 Maine 0 2 1 0 3 Massachusetts 1 11 1 0 13 Michigan 3 6 2 0 11 Minnesota 3 9 0 0 12 Mississippi 0 10 0 0 10 Missouri 4 11 0 0 15 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 77 State At-Risk Developmental Delay Not Reported Under Part C Unknown or Missing Total Montana 0 1 0 0 1 Nebraska 1 2 0 0 3 Nevada 0 8 0 0 8 New Hampshire 0 3 0 0 3 New Mexico 2 2 0 0 4 New York 11 2 0 0 13 New Jersey 0 0 0 0 0 North Carolina 5 31 1 0 37 North Dakota 0 2 0 0 2 Ohio 1 2 0 0 3 Oklahoma 0 7 1 0 8 Oregon 0 1 0 3 4 Pacific Basin 0 1 0 0 1 Pennsylvania 10 65 0 0 75 Puerto Rico 0 1 0 0 1 Rhode Island 0 1 0 0 1 South Carolina 10 10 0 0 20 South Dakota 2 2 0 0 4 Tennessee 2 50 1 0 53 Texas 3 26 4 0 33 Utah 0 14 2 0 16 Vermont 0 0 0 1 1 Virginia 1 2 0 1 4 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 Washington 4 10 1 0 15 West Virginia 1 1 0 0 2 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 78 State At-Risk Developmental Delay Not Reported Under Part C Unknown or Missing Total Wisconsin 0 1 0 0 1 Wyoming 0 4 1 0 5 Total 114 394 26 14 548 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 79 6.2 Early Intervention Setting (Ages Birth through 2) State Home Community- Based Setting Other Setting Not Reported Under Part c Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 5 0 0 0 0 5 Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 16 0 0 0 1 17 Arkansas 0 1 0 2 0 3 California 28 6 0 0 4 38 Colorado 7 1 0 0 2 10 Connecticut 6 0 0 1 0 7 Delaware 1 0 0 0 0 1 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 1 Florida 18 0 3 0 0 21 Georgia 12 1 0 1 0 14 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 0 Idaho 1 0 0 9 0 10 Illinois 11 0 0 0 0 11 Indiana 0 1 0 1 0 2 Iowa 3 0 0 1 0 4 Kansas 6 0 0 0 0 6 Kentucky 12 0 0 0 0 12 Louisiana 4 0 0 0 0 4 Maine 3 0 0 0 0 3 Massachusetts 12 0 0 1 0 13 Michigan 9 0 0 0 2 11 Minnesota 12 0 0 0 0 12 Mississippi 1 9 0 0 0 10 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 80 State Home Community- Based Setting Other Setting Not Reported Under Part c Unknown or Missing Total Missouri 15 0 0 0 0 15 Montana 1 0 0 0 0 1 Nebraska 3 0 0 0 0 3 Nevada 7 0 1 0 0 8 New Hampshire 3 0 0 0 0 3 New Mexico 2 0 0 2 0 4 New York 13 0 0 0 0 13 New Jersey 0 0 0 0 0 0 North Carolina 34 2 0 1 0 37 North Dakota 1 1 0 0 0 2 Ohio 3 0 0 0 0 3 Oklahoma 7 0 1 0 0 8 Oregon 1 0 0 0 3 4 Pacific Basin 1 0 0 0 0 1 Pennsylvania 68 2 3 2 0 75 Puerto Rico 0 1 0 0 0 1 Rhode Island 1 0 0 0 0 1 South Carolina 19 0 1 0 0 20 South Dakota 4 0 0 0 0 4 Tennessee 52 0 0 1 0 53 Texas 27 2 0 4 0 33 Utah 14 0 0 2 0 16 Vermont 1 0 0 0 0 1 Virginia 3 0 0 0 1 4 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 81 State Home Community- Based Setting Other Setting Not Reported Under Part c Unknown or Missing Total Washington 14 0 0 0 1 15 West Virginia 2 0 0 0 0 2 Wisconsin 1 0 0 0 0 1 Wyoming 3 1 0 1 0 5 Total 468 28 9 29 14 548 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 82 7 Part B Information This section includes the following data about children receiving IDEA Part B Services: • Disability category • Educational environment • State assessments 7.1 Disability Category Disability category refers to the primary disability listed on the child’s Individualized Education Program (IEP) and/or service plan. The most common disability categories in 2022 were: • Multiple Disabilities (34%) • Deaf-Blindness (17%) • Hearing Impairment (8%) • Other Health Impairment (7%) • Visual Impairment (4%) • Intellectual Disability (6%) A change was made for 2022 only to the “Educational Environments: Early Childhood Special Education (3–5) (Table 2 of 2)” and the “Educational Environments: School Aged (6–21) (Table 2 of 2)” tables. Due to reporting discrepancies that made it difficult to accurately count children in the “Not Reported Under Part B” column, the number of children reported as “Not Reported Under Part B” and those reported “Unknown or Missing” have been combined and are reported in the “Unknown or Missing” column. “Not Reported Under Part B” has been set to zero for all states. As noted in the introduction to this report, there is a large difference between the number of children identified as deafblind in the National Deafblind Child Count and the number identified in the IDEA Part B count. The fact that only 17% were identified as having deafblindness in the 2022 IDEA Part B count underscores this discrepancy, which occurs because IDEA Part B reporting regulations instruct states to count children only when a child has deafness and blindness and no other disabilities. The difference between the two counts is important because approximately 88% of the children in the National Deafblind Child Count have one or more additional disabilities. It is common for children with deafblindness to be listed under a different disability category on the IDEA Part B child count depending on the severity of the additional disabilities they experience. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 83 7.2 Educational Environment The percentage of young children, aged 3 to 5, educated in regular early childhood education settings for some portion of the day was 42% in 2022. The percentage of children aged 6 to 21 being served at least a portion of the day in a regular classroom was 59%. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 84 7.3 IDEA Part B Reported Category (Table 1 of 2) State Intellectual Disability Hearing Impairment Speech or Language Impairment Visual Impairment Emotional Disturbance Orthopedic Impairment Other Health Impairment Specific Learning Disability Alabama 8 64 3 25 4 2 8 4 Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 Arizona 0 23 0 6 0 0 0 0 Arkansas 9 7 0 9 0 0 2 0 California 0 10 0 5 0 5 0 0 Colorado 2 2 0 1 1 2 16 0 Connecticut 0 6 0 1 0 0 6 0 Delaware 1 0 0 0 0 3 4 0 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Florida 176 159 10 45 1 22 36 1 Georgia 111 18 2 17 0 3 45 2 Hawaii 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 Idaho 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Illinois 31 21 2 10 0 1 40 0 Indiana 11 33 1 19 0 3 6 0 Iowa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 85 State Intellectual Disability Hearing Impairment Speech or Language Impairment Visual Impairment Emotional Disturbance Orthopedic Impairment Other Health Impairment Specific Learning Disability Kansas 6 3 0 4 0 3 12 0 Kentucky 0 12 0 9 0 0 4 0 Louisiana 6 16 0 5 0 1 8 1 Maine 1 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 Maryland 0 7 0 4 0 0 10 0 Massachusetts 1 23 3 8 0 0 3 1 Michigan 11 31 1 11 0 0 21 0 Minnesota 13 20 0 3 1 1 13 1 Mississippi 0 5 1 2 0 0 5 1 Missouri 1 14 1 8 0 1 15 1 Montana 2 4 1 3 0 0 1 0 Nebraska 3 6 0 3 0 0 15 0 Nevada 2 5 0 0 0 0 7 0 New Hampshire 3 8 3 2 0 1 3 0 New Jersey 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 New Mexico 20 14 2 6 0 0 3 0 New York 0 44 29 16 0 0 9 0 North Carolina 14 27 0 10 0 2 15 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 86 State Intellectual Disability Hearing Impairment Speech or Language Impairment Visual Impairment Emotional Disturbance Orthopedic Impairment Other Health Impairment Specific Learning Disability North Dakota 4 3 0 0 0 3 13 0 Ohio 4 22 2 28 0 0 11 1 Oklahoma 2 19 0 4 1 1 1 0 Oregon 8 8 0 4 0 8 13 0 Pacific Basin 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 40 33 4 29 0 1 41 3 Puerto Rico 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 Rhode Island 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 South Carolina 3 27 3 11 0 1 9 0 South Dakota 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 Tennessee 3 17 0 10 0 0 8 0 Texas 63 57 3 62 1 7 95 1 Utah 0 3 0 1 0 0 12 1 Vermont 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 Virgin Islands 0 2 0 8 0 0 1 0 Virginia 11 10 0 10 0 1 18 1 Washington 3 9 1 4 0 0 62 0 West Virginia 6 3 0 6 0 0 8 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 87 State Intellectual Disability Hearing Impairment Speech or Language Impairment Visual Impairment Emotional Disturbance Orthopedic Impairment Other Health Impairment Specific Learning Disability Wisconsin 16 13 1 5 0 4 38 0 Wyoming 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 0 Total 599 827 73 422 9 76 658 21 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 88 7.4 IDEA Part B Reported Category (Table 2 of 2) State Deaf- Blindness Multiple Disabilities Autism Spectrum Disorder Traumatic Brain Injury Develop- mental Delay Non- Categorical Not Reported Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 28 50 3 0 33 0 4 0 236 Alaska 3 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 Arizona 5 171 0 0 33 0 4 1 243 Arkansas 7 123 2 5 28 1 56 2 251 California 22 10 1 0 0 0 1 891 945 Colorado 43 65 1 0 3 0 0 3 139 Connecticut 11 26 0 0 2 2 2 4 60 Delaware 46 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 55 District of Columbia 3 13 0 1 0 0 0 0 20 Florida 112 0 4 7 12 14 0 1 600 Georgia 40 4 6 2 40 0 20 0 310 Hawaii 4 36 0 0 0 0 2 2 49 Idaho 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 63 Illinois 18 98 3 1 1 0 8 0 234 Indiana 32 83 2 1 20 0 11 0 222 Iowa 0 1 0 0 0 99 11 0 111 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 89 State Deaf- Blindness Multiple Disabilities Autism Spectrum Disorder Traumatic Brain Injury Develop- mental Delay Non- Categorical Not Reported Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Kansas 22 68 3 5 6 0 0 0 132 Kentucky 10 91 1 0 4 0 8 1 140 Louisiana 8 22 1 0 6 0 13 21 108 Maine 11 33 0 0 1 0 0 0 52 Maryland 14 126 2 1 0 0 17 0 181 Massachusetts 61 74 3 0 36 0 5 7 225 Michigan 25 181 3 1 6 3 9 0 303 Minnesota 146 115 0 4 23 0 5 0 345 Mississippi 6 35 0 0 23 0 0 0 78 Missouri 26 95 0 2 26 1 34 1 226 Montana 10 9 0 1 1 0 8 0 40 Nebraska 26 39 1 1 6 0 3 2 105 Nevada 7 63 1 1 3 0 12 1 102 New Hampshire 9 32 2 2 14 0 1 1 81 New Jersey 24 112 0 0 13 1 7 2 165 New Mexico 9 66 0 2 6 0 6 1 135 New York 34 210 2 4 15 1 20 20 404 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 90 State Deaf- Blindness Multiple Disabilities Autism Spectrum Disorder Traumatic Brain Injury Develop- mental Delay Non- Categorical Not Reported Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total North Carolina 25 179 5 12 23 0 2 0 314 North Dakota 7 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 34 Ohio 55 187 2 7 2 3 12 0 336 Oklahoma 16 45 0 1 28 0 33 10 161 Oregon 36 5 0 0 6 0 0 0 88 Pacific Basin 13 36 0 0 0 0 1 0 53 Pennsylvania 97 193 4 4 15 1 4 0 469 Puerto Rico 18 9 0 0 0 0 4 0 36 Rhode Island 7 34 2 0 0 0 0 1 47 South Carolina 23 40 2 0 6 1 12 0 138 South Dakota 2 25 0 0 1 0 5 0 38 Tennessee 18 143 1 0 8 0 30 2 240 Texas 446 45 15 1 3 6 2 0 807 Utah 14 76 1 0 6 0 6 0 120 Vermont 5 13 3 0 6 0 1 3 35 Virgin Islands 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 Virginia 19 73 2 0 3 0 0 13 161 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 91 State Deaf- Blindness Multiple Disabilities Autism Spectrum Disorder Traumatic Brain Injury Develop- mental Delay Non- Categorical Not Reported Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Washington 29 128 0 3 11 1 14 10 275 West Virginia 30 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 57 Wisconsin 20 15 2 3 1 0 7 6 131 Wyoming 3 26 0 0 0 0 1 0 38 Total 1,705 3,345 82 73 482 136 402 1,070 9,980 Note: Developmental delay is an optional category for ages 3 through 9 and is not applicable to students over the age of 9. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 92 7.5 Educational Environments: Early Childhood Special Education (3–5) (Table 1 of 2) State Services in Regular Early Childhood Program (10+ hours) Other Location Regular Early Childhood Program (10+ hours) Services in Regular Early Childhood Program (< 10 hours) Other Location Regular Early Childhood Program (< 10 hours) Attending a Separate Class Attending a Separate School Alabama 5 3 4 4 1 2 Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 7 0 8 0 2 13 Arkansas 6 0 1 0 0 1 California 10 0 5 0 6 7 Colorado 8 0 2 0 0 1 Connecticut 2 0 0 0 1 0 Delaware 0 0 1 0 0 1 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 0 Florida 5 2 2 10 20 7 Georgia 1 0 0 0 17 2 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 0 Idaho 0 0 0 0 2 1 Illinois 1 0 1 0 4 6 Indiana 5 0 1 0 1 1 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 93 State Iowa 12 0 1 0 1 0 Services in Regular Early Childhood Program (10+ hours) Other Location Regular Early Childhood Program (10+ hours) Services in Regular Early Childhood Program (< 10 hours) Other Location Regular Early Childhood Program (< 10 hours) Attending a Separate Class Attending a Separate School Kansas 4 1 7 1 2 0 Kentucky 9 0 1 0 2 0 Louisiana 5 0 0 1 2 0 Maine 2 0 1 1 1 3 Maryland 8 1 1 0 0 3 Massachusetts 6 0 1 1 1 3 Michigan 2 0 2 0 1 7 Minnesota 2 1 10 1 8 0 Mississippi 0 0 0 0 4 12 Missouri 4 6 4 1 5 3 Montana 1 0 0 1 0 0 Nebraska 2 0 0 0 0 0 Nevada 0 0 0 0 7 2 New Hampshire 4 0 1 0 0 0 New Jersey 0 0 0 0 0 0 New Mexico 4 1 0 0 1 6 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 94 Services in Other Location Services in Other Location State Regular Early Childhood Program (10+ Regular Early Childhood Program (10+ Regular Early Childhood Program (< 10 Regular Early Childhood Program (< 10 Attending a Separate Class Attending a Separate School hours) hours) hours) hours) New York 2 2 0 0 3 12 North Carolina 5 0 7 0 21 7 North Dakota 2 0 1 0 1 0 Ohio 0 1 0 0 0 0 Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oregon 0 0 0 0 0 1 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 6 1 1 2 13 12 Puerto Rico 1 0 0 0 1 1 Rhode Island 2 0 0 0 1 1 South Carolina 0 0 1 0 1 2 South Dakota 1 0 0 0 1 1 Tennessee 8 1 1 0 8 1 Texas 34 6 17 3 6 3 Utah 2 0 2 0 6 10 Vermont 1 1 2 0 1 0 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 95 Services in Other Location Services in Other Location State Regular Early Childhood Program (10+ Regular Early Childhood Program (10+ Regular Early Childhood Program (< 10 Regular Early Childhood Program (< 10 Attending a Separate Class Attending a Separate School hours) hours) hours) hours) Virginia 5 0 2 1 4 0 Washington 0 0 0 0 0 0 West Virginia 2 0 0 0 1 1 Wisconsin 1 0 1 0 0 0 Wyoming 3 0 1 0 0 0 Total 190 27 90 27 157 133 Note: Early Childhood Program Definitions: • Services in Regular Early Childhood Program (at least 10 hours)—Attended a regular early childhood (EC) program at least 10 hours per week and received the majority of hours of special education and related services in the regular EC program. • Other Location Regular Early Childhood Program (at least 10 hours)—Attended a regular early childhood program at least 10 hours per week and received the majority of hours of special education and related services in some other location. • Services in Regular Early Childhood Program (less than 10 hours)—Attended a regular early childhood (EC) program less than 10 hours per week and received the majority of hours of special education and related services in the regular EC program. • Other Location Regular Early Childhood Program (less than 10 hours)—Attended a regular early childhood program less than 10 hours per week and received the majority of hours of special education and related services in some other location. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 96 7.6 Educational Environments: Early Childhood Special Education (3–5) (Table 2 of 2) State Residential Facility Home Not Served Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 0 0 0 5 24 Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 0 3 0 20 53 Arkansas 0 0 0 19 27 California 0 7 0 44 79 Colorado 0 0 0 0 11 Connecticut 0 1 0 0 4 Delaware 0 0 0 2 4 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 Florida 0 3 0 10 59 Georgia 0 3 0 14 37 Hawaii 0 0 0 2 2 Idaho 0 0 0 3 6 Illinois 0 5 0 2 19 Indiana 0 15 0 2 25 Iowa 0 1 0 4 19 Kansas 0 1 0 2 18 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 97 State Residential Facility Home Not Served Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Kentucky 0 2 0 3 17 Louisiana 0 6 0 1 15 Maine 0 0 0 1 9 Maryland 0 4 0 0 17 Massachusetts 0 2 0 15 29 Michigan 0 5 0 5 22 Minnesota 0 11 0 8 41 Mississippi 0 3 0 0 19 Missouri 0 3 0 5 31 Montana 0 2 0 3 7 Nebraska 0 1 0 3 6 Nevada 0 9 0 2 20 New Hampshire 0 1 0 3 9 New Jersey 0 0 0 5 5 New Mexico 0 2 0 6 20 New York 1 4 0 25 49 North Carolina 0 4 0 3 47 North Dakota 0 1 0 0 5 Ohio 0 0 0 27 28 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 98 State Residential Facility Home Not Served Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Oklahoma 0 0 0 18 18 Oregon 0 7 0 6 14 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 2 2 Pennsylvania 4 20 0 16 75 Puerto Rico 0 1 0 1 5 Rhode Island 0 0 0 2 6 South Carolina 0 3 0 19 26 South Dakota 1 0 0 1 5 Tennessee 0 4 0 32 55 Texas 1 25 0 6 101 Utah 0 1 0 2 23 Vermont 0 0 0 2 7 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 0 1 0 2 15 Washington 0 0 0 47 47 West Virginia 0 1 0 3 8 Wisconsin 0 4 0 3 9 Wyoming 0 0 0 2 6 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 99 Not Served Under Unknown or State Residential Facility Home Total Part B Missing Total 7 166 0 408 1,205 Notes: • Home includes children who are receiving the majority of hours of special education and related services at home and those who have chosen not to receive services through a regular early childhood program or special education program. • Due to reporting discrepancies for 2022, the number of children reported as “Not Reported Under Part B” and those reported “Unknown or Missing” have been combined and are reported in the “Unknown or Missing” column. “Not Reported Under Part B” has been set to zero for all states. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 100 7.7 Educational Environments: School Aged (6–21) (Table 1 of 2) State Regular Class > 80% of Day Regular Class 40-79% of Day Regular Class < 40% of Day Separate School Residential Facility Homebound/ Hospital Alabama 52 21 42 29 61 5 Alaska 2 3 12 2 0 0 Arizona 22 14 92 56 0 0 Arkansas 9 10 92 31 17 19 California 110 58 255 152 3 70 Colorado 25 17 52 20 2 5 Connecticut 13 2 9 20 0 4 Delaware 2 0 8 35 0 6 District of Columbia 0 6 11 1 0 2 Florida 62 29 156 92 1 8 Georgia 28 13 132 27 1 16 Hawaii 5 7 27 1 0 4 Idaho 11 6 17 4 1 4 Illinois 21 18 98 37 13 6 Indiana 45 31 75 14 7 10 Iowa 26 15 19 17 0 0 Kansas 10 16 73 7 1 5 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 101 State Regular Class > 80% of Day Regular Class 40-79% of Day Regular Class < 40% of Day Separate School Residential Facility Homebound/ Hospital Kentucky 21 16 50 17 2 6 Louisiana 17 8 23 4 3 5 Maine 3 7 15 5 1 1 Maryland 13 42 94 12 0 1 Massachusetts 8 37 37 71 7 1 Michigan 54 17 41 136 0 12 Minnesota 56 69 109 27 11 27 Mississippi 8 4 8 14 3 12 Missouri 22 28 47 46 0 7 Montana 6 3 6 4 2 1 Nebraska 29 27 31 6 1 2 Nevada 3 1 34 20 0 12 New Hampshire 7 14 11 10 1 0 New Jersey 12 12 19 89 0 7 New Mexico 27 5 27 19 0 9 New York 39 16 70 156 18 7 North Carolina 41 16 108 66 5 28 North Dakota 5 8 10 1 4 0 Ohio 62 42 108 65 4 18 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 102 State Regular Class > 80% of Day Regular Class 40-79% of Day Regular Class < 40% of Day Separate School Residential Facility Homebound/ Hospital Oklahoma 8 20 48 2 10 3 Oregon 12 8 24 1 0 6 Pacific Basin 5 12 30 0 0 14 Pennsylvania 57 52 99 134 10 6 Puerto Rico 11 0 7 4 0 4 Rhode Island 6 1 17 10 6 0 South Carolina 18 12 31 15 7 20 South Dakota 2 6 8 5 5 0 Tennessee 6 29 84 27 1 11 Texas 198 54 307 20 24 91 Utah 8 3 28 46 1 2 Vermont 4 6 8 0 0 0 Virgin Islands 6 5 7 0 0 0 Virginia 25 9 84 15 0 13 Washington 32 13 118 9 4 15 West Virginia 9 11 15 2 3 6 Wisconsin 26 22 37 7 2 6 Wyoming 3 5 18 0 0 3 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 103 Regular Class Regular Class Regular Class Residential Homebound/ State Separate School > 80% of Day 40-79% of Day < 40% of Day Facility Hospital Total 1,312 906 2,988 1,610 242 520 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 104 7.8 Educational Environments: School Aged (6–21) (Table 2 of 2) State Home School/ Remote Learning Parentally Placed Private School Not Served Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 2 0 0 0 212 Alaska 3 0 0 1 23 Arizona 0 0 0 4 188 Arkansas 4 1 0 41 224 California 7 1 0 251 907 Colorado 7 0 0 0 128 Connecticut 3 0 0 1 52 Delaware 0 0 0 0 51 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 20 Florida 9 0 0 184 541 Georgia 26 10 0 20 273 Hawaii 0 0 0 3 47 Idaho 5 2 0 7 57 Illinois 20 0 0 2 215 Indiana 9 1 0 5 197 Iowa 3 0 0 8 88 Kansas 2 0 0 0 114 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 105 State Home School/ Remote Learning Parentally Placed Private School Not Served Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Kentucky 8 0 0 3 123 Louisiana 4 5 0 23 92 Maine 8 0 0 2 42 Maryland 0 2 0 0 164 Massachusetts 18 0 0 8 187 Michigan 15 3 0 3 281 Minnesota 5 0 0 0 304 Mississippi 3 0 0 2 54 Missouri 5 0 0 36 191 Montana 3 0 0 8 33 Nebraska 0 0 0 3 99 Nevada 4 1 0 5 80 New Hampshire 12 0 0 17 72 New Jersey 0 0 0 20 159 New Mexico 6 1 0 21 115 New York 7 1 0 41 355 North Carolina 2 0 0 1 267 North Dakota 0 0 0 1 29 Ohio 2 0 0 7 308 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 106 State Home School/ Remote Learning Parentally Placed Private School Not Served Under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Oklahoma 18 1 0 33 143 Oregon 5 0 0 16 72 Pacific Basin 1 0 0 2 64 Pennsylvania 18 2 0 7 385 Puerto Rico 1 0 0 4 31 Rhode Island 0 0 0 1 41 South Carolina 8 0 0 1 112 South Dakota 2 0 0 5 33 Tennessee 12 2 0 10 182 Texas 7 1 0 4 706 Utah 2 0 0 8 98 Vermont 5 0 0 4 27 Virgin Islands 0 1 0 0 19 Virginia 0 0 0 0 146 Washington 0 13 0 24 228 West Virginia 3 0 0 0 49 Wisconsin 12 1 0 8 121 Wyoming 1 1 0 0 31 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 107 Home School/ Parentally Placed Not Served Under Unknown or State Total Remote Learning Private School Part B Missing Total 297 50 0 855 8,780 Notes: • Home School/Remote Learning includes students who received special education and related services outside the regular classroom 100% of the school day every day, including those receiving remote/online learning in the home. Special education and related services may or may not be at public expense. • Due to reporting discrepancies for 2022, the number of children reported as “Not Reported Under Part B” and those reported “Unknown or Missing” have been combined and are reported in the “Unknown or Missing” column. “Not Reported Under Part B” has been set to zero for all states. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 108 7.9 State Assessments State Regular Grade-Level State Assessment Regular with Accommodati ons Alternate Assessments Not Required at Age/ Grade Level Parent Opt Out Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 4 86 83 10 0 0 183 Alaska 0 4 9 5 2 0 20 Arizona 24 7 109 31 0 0 171 Arkansas 3 27 94 74 3 0 201 California 23 117 261 215 37 107 760 Colorado 3 8 58 34 4 0 107 Connecticut 0 14 17 12 1 3 47 Delaware 0 4 23 21 0 0 48 District of Columbia 1 7 12 0 0 0 20 Florida 21 143 193 0 2 143 502 Georgia 1 54 137 20 22 0 234 Hawaii 0 0 20 25 0 0 45 Idaho 3 5 11 20 1 6 46 Illinois 3 29 108 46 7 0 193 Indiana 2 70 88 15 4 0 179 Iowa 14 15 43 9 0 0 81 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 109 State Regular Grade-Level State Assessment Regular with Accommodati ons Alternate Assessments Not Required at Age/ Grade Level Parent Opt Out Unknown or Missing Total Kansas 1 19 47 12 12 0 91 Kentucky 2 28 59 11 8 0 108 Louisiana 2 16 17 9 4 31 79 Maine 0 2 17 13 2 0 34 Maryland 5 43 93 3 0 0 144 Massachusetts 1 32 93 48 2 4 180 Michigan 7 39 129 59 1 0 235 Minnesota 9 51 137 18 56 0 271 Mississippi 0 12 11 20 4 0 47 Missouri 7 34 57 66 0 1 165 Montana 0 6 5 9 9 0 29 Nebraska 4 25 56 9 0 0 94 Nevada 1 10 39 6 1 0 57 New Hampshire 0 6 12 43 0 0 61 New Jersey 2 27 98 23 0 0 150 New Mexico 10 10 59 5 3 6 93 New York 18 42 194 30 24 9 317 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 110 State Regular Grade-Level State Assessment Regular with Accommodati ons Alternate Assessments Not Required at Age/ Grade Level Parent Opt Out Unknown or Missing Total North Carolina 4 61 129 31 0 0 225 North Dakota 1 5 6 4 5 0 21 Ohio 6 85 158 25 1 0 275 Oklahoma 3 15 51 32 14 11 126 Oregon 1 7 16 17 8 11 60 Pacific Basin 1 1 29 19 0 0 50 Pennsylvania 6 56 159 72 2 0 295 Puerto Rico 0 8 6 12 2 0 28 Rhode Island 1 5 19 7 0 0 32 South Carolina 6 27 32 26 1 0 92 South Dakota 4 7 13 3 1 0 28 Tennessee 5 25 71 49 1 0 151 Texas 162 0 285 160 4 0 611 Utah 0 10 42 24 5 0 81 Vermont 0 2 13 4 4 1 24 Virgin Islands 0 11 4 3 1 0 19 Virginia 6 25 63 18 13 0 125 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 111 State Regular Grade-Level State Assessment Regular with Accommodati ons Alternate Assessments Not Required at Age/ Grade Level Parent Opt Out Unknown or Missing Total Washington 8 26 97 46 10 2 189 West Virginia 1 10 23 5 0 0 39 Wisconsin 6 21 32 10 30 2 101 Wyoming 0 8 19 0 1 0 28 Total 392 1,407 3,656 1,488 312 337 7,592 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 112 8 Educational Supports Interveners provide access to information, the environment, communication, and conceptual learning for children who are deafblind. Growth in intervener services has been increasing. The number of children receiving intervener services rose from 779 (7%) in 2021 to 821 (8%) in 2022. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 113 8.1 Intervener Services State Yes No Unknown or Missing Not Applicable Total Alabama 15 220 5 1 241 Alaska 4 19 0 0 23 Arizona 12 200 44 4 260 Arkansas 3 251 0 0 254 California 48 603 365 8 1,024 Colorado 10 139 0 0 149 Connecticut 24 28 14 1 67 Delaware 0 53 3 0 56 District of Columbia 5 16 0 0 21 Florida 8 162 452 0 622 Georgia 8 306 7 3 324 Hawaii 0 0 0 49 49 Idaho 8 0 62 3 73 Illinois 0 3 242 0 245 Indiana 15 209 0 0 224 Iowa 2 113 0 0 115 Kansas 13 115 8 2 138 Kentucky 1 151 0 0 152 Louisiana 1 96 15 0 112 Maine 19 28 8 0 55 Maryland 26 155 0 0 181 Massachusetts 14 174 41 9 238 Michigan 21 293 0 0 314 Minnesota 94 262 1 0 357 Mississippi 0 88 0 0 88 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 114 State Yes No Unknown or Missing Not Applicable Total Missouri 45 181 15 0 241 Montana 2 39 0 0 41 Nebraska 18 70 20 0 108 Nevada 9 89 4 8 110 New Hampshire 9 57 16 2 84 New Jersey 3 137 15 10 165 New Mexico 0 139 0 0 139 New York 14 403 0 0 417 North Carolina 30 224 97 0 351 North Dakota 1 29 5 1 36 Ohio 32 273 23 11 339 Oklahoma 3 165 1 0 169 Oregon 5 83 4 0 92 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 67 67 Pennsylvania 74 407 63 0 544 Puerto Rico 0 37 0 0 37 Rhode Island 0 48 0 0 48 South Carolina 7 100 50 1 158 South Dakota 5 37 0 0 42 Tennessee 2 290 1 0 293 Texas 94 725 21 0 840 Utah 48 89 0 0 137 Vermont 10 20 6 0 36 Virgin Islands 0 19 0 0 19 Virginia 17 143 5 0 165 Washington 17 220 53 0 290 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 115 Unknown or Not State Yes No Total Missing Applicable West Virginia 14 43 3 0 60 Wisconsin 11 119 2 0 132 Wyoming 0 43 0 0 43 Total 821 7,913 1,671 180 10,585 Note: Not applicable may mean a child is too young for an intervener or a state does not recognize the role of interveners. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 116 9 Living Setting Most children live at home with their parents or extended family (94%). Small numbers live with foster parents, in state or private residential facilities, pediatric nursing homes, and group homes or apartments. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 117 9.1 Living Setting (Table 1 of 2) State Home: Parents Home: Extended Family Home: Foster Parents State Residential Facility Private Residential Facility Alabama 227 10 1 1 0 Alaska 18 1 3 0 0 Arizona 239 5 14 0 0 Arkansas 225 13 0 3 12 California 853 12 17 1 0 Colorado 142 4 3 0 0 Connecticut 62 1 0 0 0 Delaware 51 1 2 0 0 District of Columbia 19 1 0 0 0 Florida 529 81 8 0 2 Georgia 295 16 11 0 0 Hawaii 47 0 0 0 0 Idaho 72 1 0 0 0 Illinois 218 5 5 8 3 Indiana 207 10 3 1 3 Iowa 108 2 1 2 2 Kansas 133 2 2 0 0 Kentucky 140 7 3 0 0 Louisiana 98 6 0 4 0 Maine 51 2 0 0 0 Maryland 176 3 2 0 0 Massachusetts 220 2 2 0 2 Michigan 295 5 4 0 3 Minnesota 334 15 7 0 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 118 State Home: Parents Home: Extended Family Home: Foster Parents State Residential Facility Private Residential Facility Mississippi 77 4 6 0 1 Missouri 225 10 5 0 0 Montana 39 1 0 1 0 Nebraska 101 3 2 0 1 Nevada 102 4 1 0 0 New Hampshire 76 0 2 0 0 New Jersey 160 1 0 0 0 New Mexico 128 8 3 0 0 New York 371 8 8 6 4 North Carolina 311 14 8 0 17 North Dakota 31 0 0 0 4 Ohio 308 16 6 1 4 Oklahoma 144 3 5 4 2 Oregon 85 2 2 0 0 Pacific Basin 59 7 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 503 9 4 1 8 Puerto Rico 37 0 0 0 0 Rhode Island 42 0 0 0 0 South Carolina 150 6 2 0 0 South Dakota 36 0 2 1 2 Tennessee 268 9 13 3 0 Texas 797 24 8 1 4 Utah 132 1 0 2 1 Vermont 35 0 1 0 0 Virgin Islands 17 0 0 0 0 Virginia 156 3 1 0 3 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 119 State Home: Parents Home: Extended Family Home: Foster Parents State Residential Facility Private Residential Facility Washington 269 2 7 1 1 West Virginia 52 5 2 1 0 Wisconsin 128 4 0 0 0 Wyoming 37 2 3 0 0 Total 9,635 351 179 42 79 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 120 9.2 Living Setting (Table 2 of 2) Community Residence (Includes Group Home/Supported Apartment) Pediatric Nursing Home State Other Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 0 1 0 1 241 Alaska 0 0 1 0 23 Arizona 1 0 0 1 260 Arkansas 0 0 0 1 254 California 8 6 7 120 1,024 Colorado 0 0 0 0 149 Connecticut 0 0 0 4 67 Delaware 2 0 0 0 56 District of Columbia 0 0 1 0 21 Florida 0 0 0 0 620 Georgia 0 1 1 0 324 Hawaii 1 0 0 0 48 Idaho 0 0 0 0 73 Illinois 6 0 0 0 245 Indiana 0 0 0 0 224 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 121 State Iowa 0 0 0 0 115 Pediatric Nursing Home Community Residence (Includes Group Home/Supported Apartment) Other Unknown or Missing Total Kansas 0 0 1 0 138 Kentucky 2 0 0 0 152 Louisiana 0 0 1 3 112 Maine 0 0 0 2 55 Maryland 0 0 0 0 181 Massachusetts 0 0 0 12 238 Michigan 0 7 0 0 314 Minnesota 0 1 0 0 357 Mississippi 0 0 0 0 88 Missouri 0 0 1 0 241 Montana 0 0 0 0 41 Nebraska 1 0 0 0 108 Nevada 3 0 0 0 110 New Hampshire 1 0 1 4 84 New Jersey 3 0 0 1 165 New Mexico 0 0 0 0 139 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 122 State Pediatric Nursing Home Community Residence (Includes Group Home/Supported Other Unknown or Missing Total Apartment) New York 17 2 0 1 417 North Carolina 0 0 1 0 351 North Dakota 0 1 0 0 36 Ohio 0 1 3 0 339 Oklahoma 0 2 0 9 169 Oregon 1 0 0 2 92 Pacific Basin 0 1 0 0 67 Pennsylvania 16 3 0 0 544 Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 37 Rhode Island 6 0 0 0 48 South Carolina 0 0 0 0 158 South Dakota 0 1 0 0 42 Tennessee 0 0 0 0 293 Texas 3 2 1 0 840 Utah 1 0 0 0 137 Vermont 0 0 0 0 36 Virgin Islands 0 2 0 0 19 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 123 State Pediatric Nursing Home Community Residence (Includes Group Home/Supported Other Unknown or Missing Total Apartment) Virginia 2 0 0 0 165 Washington 4 3 2 1 290 West Virginia 0 0 0 0 60 Wisconsin 0 0 0 0 132 Wyoming 0 0 1 0 43 Total 78 34 22 162 10,582 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 124 10 Exiting Information Exiting status refers to whether a child was receiving Part B or Part C services at the beginning of the reporting period but left sometime before the end of the 12-month reporting period and, if so, for what reason. It also identifies if a child who has left Part C is eligible for Part B services. These tables show the cumulative total, rather than the December 1 total because children may exit anytime during the reporting period. Reasons children exited Part C included that they were withdrawn by parents, were not able to be contacted, moved out of state, or died. Reasons children exited Part B included that they graduated, aged out, transferred to regular education, dropped out, or died. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 125 10.1 Part C Exiting Status (Table 1 of 2) State In Part C EI Program Completion of IFSP Prior to Max Age Eligible for Part B Not Eligible for Part B Part B Eligibility Not Determined Deceased Alabama 9 0 0 0 0 0 Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 18 0 8 0 0 0 Arkansas 2 0 1 0 0 0 California 29 0 8 0 0 0 Colorado 8 0 2 0 0 0 Connecticut 6 0 0 0 0 0 Delaware 1 0 1 0 0 0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 Florida 22 0 13 0 0 0 Georgia 13 0 1 0 0 0 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 0 Idaho 0 0 0 0 0 0 Illinois 11 0 6 0 0 1 Indiana 1 0 4 0 0 0 Iowa 6 0 1 0 0 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 126 State In Part C EI Program Completion of IFSP Prior to Max Age Eligible for Part B Not Eligible for Part B Part B Eligibility Not Determined Deceased Kansas 6 0 2 1 0 0 Kentucky 12 0 0 0 0 1 Louisiana 4 0 0 0 0 0 Maine 2 0 3 0 0 0 Maryland 3 0 0 0 0 0 Massachusetts 14 0 2 0 0 0 Michigan 7 1 3 0 0 2 Minnesota 17 0 2 0 0 0 Mississippi 10 0 7 0 0 0 Missouri 16 0 9 0 0 0 Montana 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nebraska 5 0 0 0 0 0 Nevada 8 0 5 0 1 0 New Hampshire 3 0 1 0 0 0 New Jersey 0 0 0 0 0 0 New Mexico 6 0 0 0 0 0 New York 24 0 9 0 0 0 North Carolina 36 0 15 0 1 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 127 State In Part C EI Program Completion of IFSP Prior to Max Age Eligible for Part B Not Eligible for Part B Part B Eligibility Not Determined Deceased North Dakota 1 0 1 0 0 0 Ohio 3 0 0 0 0 1 Oklahoma 9 0 0 0 0 1 Oregon 2 0 1 0 0 1 Pacific Basin 2 0 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 95 0 0 0 0 1 Puerto Rico 0 0 1 0 0 0 Rhode Island 1 0 0 0 0 0 South Carolina 28 0 0 0 0 0 South Dakota 3 0 1 0 0 0 Tennessee 69 0 4 0 0 1 Texas 26 3 0 0 0 0 Utah 17 0 9 0 0 3 Vermont 0 0 1 0 0 0 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 3 0 0 0 0 0 Washington 12 0 19 0 0 0 West Virginia 4 0 0 0 0 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 128 State In Part C EI Program Completion of IFSP Prior to Max Age Eligible for Part B Not Eligible for Part B Part B Eligibility Not Determined Deceased Wisconsin 1 0 0 0 0 0 Wyoming 5 0 0 0 0 0 Total 581 4 140 1 2 12 Note: Part C Exiting Status includes children birth through age 3. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 129 10.2 Part C Exiting Status (Table 2 of 2) State Moved Out of State Withdrawal by Parent/ Guardian Unable to Contact Not Served Under Part C Missing or Unknown Total Alabama 0 6 0 0 1 16 Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 0 0 0 1 9 36 Arkansas 0 0 0 6 0 9 California 0 0 0 1 19 57 Colorado 0 0 0 0 3 13 Connecticut 0 0 0 1 0 7 Delaware 0 0 0 1 0 3 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 1 Florida 0 0 0 0 11 46 Georgia 0 1 0 9 0 24 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 0 Idaho 0 0 0 0 13 13 Illinois 0 0 0 0 2 20 Indiana 0 0 0 0 0 5 Iowa 0 1 0 0 0 8 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 130 State Moved Out of State Withdrawal by Parent/ Guardian Unable to Contact Not Served Under Part C Missing or Unknown Total Kansas 0 0 0 0 1 10 Kentucky 0 0 0 1 3 17 Louisiana 1 0 0 0 4 9 Maine 0 0 0 0 0 5 Maryland 0 0 0 0 0 3 Massachusetts 1 0 0 4 2 23 Michigan 0 0 0 0 0 13 Minnesota 0 0 0 5 0 24 Mississippi 0 0 0 0 0 17 Missouri 0 0 0 0 0 25 Montana 0 1 0 0 1 2 Nebraska 0 0 0 1 1 7 Nevada 0 1 1 0 0 16 New Hampshire 1 0 0 0 0 5 New Jersey 0 0 0 0 0 0 New Mexico 0 0 0 3 0 9 New York 0 0 0 0 0 33 North Carolina 0 0 0 0 2 54 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 131 State Moved Out of State Withdrawal by Parent/ Guardian Unable to Contact Not Served Under Part C Missing or Unknown Total North Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 2 Ohio 0 0 0 0 8 12 Oklahoma 0 0 0 0 2 12 Oregon 0 0 0 0 7 11 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 0 0 2 Pennsylvania 1 1 0 30 0 128 Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 0 1 Rhode Island 0 0 0 0 1 2 South Carolina 1 0 0 1 1 31 South Dakota 0 0 0 2 0 6 Tennessee 0 1 0 2 0 77 Texas 0 0 0 27 0 56 Utah 1 0 0 5 1 36 Vermont 0 0 0 0 2 3 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 0 0 0 0 6 9 Washington 0 0 1 0 0 32 West Virginia 0 0 0 0 2 6 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 132 State Moved Out of State Withdrawal by Parent/ Guardian Unable to Contact Not Served Under Part C Missing or Unknown Total Wisconsin 0 0 0 0 2 3 Wyoming 0 0 0 2 0 7 Total 6 12 2 102 104 966 Note: Part C Exiting Status includes children birth through age 3. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 133 10.3 Part B Exiting Status (Table 1 of 2) State In Special Education Program Transferred to Regular Education Graduated with Regular Diploma Received a Certificate Reached Maximum Age for Part B Services Alabama 118 0 5 0 7 Alaska 11 0 0 0 0 Arizona 104 0 2 1 0 Arkansas 75 0 12 4 0 California 383 8 50 9 26 Colorado 57 1 3 1 2 Connecticut 21 3 0 0 0 Delaware 30 0 0 0 0 District of Columbia 7 0 0 0 0 Florida 333 1 7 0 0 Georgia 100 0 8 0 3 Hawaii 23 0 0 0 3 Idaho 18 0 0 0 0 Illinois 127 2 7 3 7 Indiana 102 0 4 1 0 Iowa 33 1 5 0 1 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 134 State In Special Education Program Transferred to Regular Education Graduated with Regular Diploma Received a Certificate Reached Maximum Age for Part B Services Kansas 42 0 0 0 2 Kentucky 43 0 13 17 0 Louisiana 40 0 5 1 2 Maine 18 0 0 0 0 Maryland 84 0 0 4 0 Massachusetts 119 0 0 0 0 Michigan 140 1 4 6 1 Minnesota 137 0 5 9 5 Mississippi 21 0 0 0 1 Missouri 63 0 26 3 6 Montana 11 0 5 0 0 Nebraska 56 0 2 0 2 Nevada 24 2 0 0 2 New Hampshire 31 0 1 0 0 New Jersey 76 2 0 0 0 New Mexico 39 0 2 0 1 New York 197 2 5 0 1 North Carolina 126 0 0 0 0 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 135 State In Special Education Program Transferred to Regular Education Graduated with Regular Diploma Received a Certificate Reached Maximum Age for Part B Services North Dakota 10 0 0 0 0 Ohio 125 0 16 0 30 Oklahoma 45 0 10 0 0 Oregon 23 0 0 0 0 Pacific Basin 31 0 0 0 2 Pennsylvania 137 0 12 0 4 Puerto Rico 18 0 0 0 2 Rhode Island 23 0 0 0 0 South Carolina 44 0 1 0 1 South Dakota 15 0 1 0 0 Tennessee 77 1 2 4 0 Texas 300 11 42 1 0 Utah 38 0 5 0 3 Vermont 9 0 0 0 0 Virgin Islands 7 0 0 1 0 Virginia 68 0 2 1 0 Washington 99 4 8 0 18 West Virginia 22 0 1 1 1 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 136 State In Special Education Program Transferred to Regular Education Graduated with Regular Diploma Received a Certificate Reached Maximum Age for Part B Services Wisconsin 36 2 2 1 6 Wyoming 17 0 0 0 0 Total 3,953 41 273 68 139 Notes: • Beginning in 2019, Part B Exiting Status includes only children aged 14 and older. Prior to 2019, it included any child aged 3 and older. • Some states continue to provide services through the end of the school year in which the individual turns 22 years old. Michigan provides services to age 26. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 137 10.4 Part B Exiting Status (Table 2 of 2) State Deceased Moved: Known to be Continuing Dropped Out Graduated with Alternate Diploma Not Served under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Alabama 0 2 3 4 0 0 139 Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Arizona 1 0 1 1 0 0 110 Arkansas 5 1 0 4 27 0 128 California 10 69 11 3 10 3 582 Colorado 0 2 1 1 0 0 68 Connecticut 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 Delaware 0 0 0 1 0 0 31 District of Columbia 0 1 0 0 0 0 8 Florida 0 0 0 0 0 0 341 Georgia 6 2 4 4 20 0 147 Hawaii 1 0 0 0 0 0 27 Idaho 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 Illinois 3 0 6 0 0 0 155 Indiana 0 0 1 0 5 0 113 Iowa 1 2 0 1 2 0 46 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 138 State Deceased Moved: Known to be Continuing Dropped Out Graduated with Alternate Diploma Not Served under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Kansas 0 0 0 0 1 0 45 Kentucky 3 0 3 0 1 0 80 Louisiana 1 0 2 0 1 12 64 Maine 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 Maryland 0 1 0 0 0 0 89 Massachusetts 1 1 0 0 0 1 122 Michigan 5 2 8 2 0 0 169 Minnesota 1 5 0 0 1 0 163 Mississippi 0 1 0 1 0 0 24 Missouri 0 0 5 1 1 0 105 Montana 0 0 1 0 1 0 18 Nebraska 2 0 0 0 0 0 62 Nevada 1 0 4 0 0 4 37 New Hampshire 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 New Jersey 0 0 0 0 0 0 78 New Mexico 0 0 1 1 2 2 48 New York 1 2 0 0 0 0 208 North Carolina 0 1 0 0 0 0 127 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 139 State Deceased Moved: Known to be Continuing Dropped Out Graduated with Alternate Diploma Not Served under Part B Unknown or Missing Total North Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Ohio 7 45 5 0 4 0 232 Oklahoma 0 0 4 0 8 9 76 Oregon 0 0 5 1 0 0 29 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 Pennsylvania 3 0 2 1 0 0 159 Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 4 0 24 Rhode Island 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 South Carolina 2 1 0 1 1 0 51 South Dakota 0 0 0 0 3 0 19 Tennessee 0 0 0 2 0 0 86 Texas 1 14 6 7 0 0 382 Utah 2 0 1 0 2 0 51 Vermont 0 0 0 1 0 0 10 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Virginia 1 1 0 8 0 0 81 Washington 1 2 8 0 0 0 140 West Virginia 0 0 1 0 0 0 26 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 140 State Deceased Moved: Known to be Continuing Dropped Out Graduated with Alternate Diploma Not Served under Part B Unknown or Missing Total Wisconsin 3 0 0 0 1 0 51 Wyoming 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 Total 62 155 83 45 95 31 4,945 Notes: • Beginning in 2019, Part B Exiting Status includes only children aged 14 and older. Prior to 2019, it included any child aged 3 and older. • Some states continue to provide services through the end of the school year in which the individual turns 22 years old. Michigan provides services to age 26 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 141 11 References Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute. (2021). New database provides key information about state and jurisdictional IDEA Part C eligibility policy. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. https://fpg.unc.edu/news/new-database-provides-key- information-about-state-and-jurisdictional-idea-part-c-eligibility Herbster, H. (2015). Special education eligibility and the category of deafblindness: Examining the perspectives of case coordinators [Doctoral Dissertation, The Ohio State University]. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440280369 Müller, E. (2006). Deaf-blind child counts: Issues and challenges. Project Forum, National Association of State Directors of Special Education. https://nasdse.org/docs/25_b77a012d-78ff-40ca-87e7-03bb13784ba4.pdf Purvis, B., & Schalock, M. D. (2014). Using evidence-based strategies and technical assistance to improve identification of infants and toddlers with combined vision and hearing loss. Visual Impairment and Deafblind Education Quarterly, 59(5), 20–24. U.S. Department of Education. (2022). IDEA Part B child count and educational environments [Data set]. https://data.ed.gov/dataset/idea-section-618-data- products-state-level-data-files National Center on Deafblindness, 2023 nationaldb.org The contents of this publication were developed under a grant from the U.S. Department of Education, #H326T230030. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the U.S. Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Project Officer, Susan Weigert. 2022 National Deafblind Child Count Report 142