National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS US TERRITORIES FINDING AID Fort Christian NHL, St. Thomas Island, Virgin Islands, 77001329_NHL Prepared by National Park Service Intermountain Region Museum Services Program Tucson, Arizona July 2018 National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 2 National Historic Landmarks – US Territories Scope and Content Note: National Historic Landmarks (NHL) are nationally significant historic places designated by the Secretary of the Interior because they possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States. Working with citizens throughout the nation, the National Historic Landmarks Program draws upon the expertise of National Park Service staff who guide the nomination process for new Landmarks and provide assistance to existing Landmarks. - From the National Park Service, National Historic Landmarks page: http://www.nps.gov/nhl/ The NHL records from US Territories are comprised of nomination forms, photographs, maps, correspondence, memorandums, and ephemera which document the efforts of the NHL Program to designate historically significant places in US Territories. Arrangement: The NHL records are arranged alphabetically by place name. Within the physical files, researchers will find the records arranged in the following way: Most Recent Nomination Form, Photographs, Maps, Past Nomination Forms, Correspondence, and then Research documentation. Extent: The NHL records for US Territories total 3 Linear Feet. Processing: The National Historic Landmark records for US Territories were processed and cataloged at the Intermountain Region Museum Services Center by Caitlin Godlewski and Carmen Sterk. Digitization Note: Back sides of photographs have not been digitized for U.S. Territories National Historic Landmark records. Photographs may be subject to copyright. Fair-use restrictions may apply. Associated Material: The NHL listing records exist in conjunction with the National Register of Historic Places records. Researchers may benefit from accessing these associated bodies of records for US Territories:  National Register of Historic Places – Multiple Property Submission – US Territories o A listing of properties tied together by a single theme, concept, or context  National Register of Historic Places – Single Property Listings – US Territories o A county-by-county listing of individual properties National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 3 Copyright and Restriction Notice: The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. The various state privacy acts govern the use of materials that document private individuals, groups, and corporations. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a reproduction if the document does not infringe the privacy rights of an individual, group, or corporation. These specified conditions of authorized use include:  non-commercial and non-profit study, scholarship, or research, or teaching  criticism, commentary, or news reporting  as a NPS preservation or security copy  as a research copy for deposit in another institution If a user later uses a copy or reproduction for purposes in excess of "fair use," the user may be personally liable for copyright, privacy, or publicity infringement. This institution's permission to obtain a photographic, xerographic, digital, or other copy of a document doesn't indicate permission to publish, exhibit, perform, reproduce, sell, distribute, or prepare derivative works from this document without first obtaining permission from the copyright holder and from any private individual, group, or corporation shown or otherwise recorded. Permission to publish, exhibit, perform, reproduce, prepare derivative works from, sell, or otherwise distribute the item must be obtained by the user separately in writing from the holder of the original copyright (or if the creator is dead from his/her heirs) as well as from any individual(s), groups, or corporations whose name, image, recorded words, or private information (e.g., employment information) may be reproduced in the source material. The holder of the original copyright isn't necessarily the National Park Service. The National Park Service is not legally liable for copyright, privacy, or publicity infringement when materials are wrongfully used after being provided to researchers for "fair use." This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if fulfillment of the order is judged in violation of copyright or federal or state privacy or publicity law. National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS American Samoa Blunts Point Battery…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Government House……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Landing Beaches; Aslito/Isley Field; and Marpi Point, Saipan Island………………………………………….9 Tinian Landing Beaches, Ushi Point and North Fields, Tinian Island…………………………………………10 Federated States of Micronesia Nan Madol……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….12 Truk Lagoon Underwater Fleet, Truk Atoll……………………………………………………………………………….13 Kingdom of Morocco American Legation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..15 Puerto Rico Antonio Lopez (Restricted)…………………………………………………………………………………………………..….17 Caguana Site…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….18 Caparra Archeological Site (Restricted)……………………………………………………………………………………19 La Fortaleza……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..20 Republic of the Marshall Islands Kwajalein Island Battlefield………………………………………………………………………………………………………22 Roi-Namur……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....23 Republic of Palau Peleliu Battlefield…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….25 U.S. Minor Islands Wake Island…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….27 World War II Facilities and Midway…………………………………………………………………………………………28 Virgin Islands Columbus Landing Site…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….30 Fort Christian…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..31 Fort Frederick………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….32 Skytsborg (Blackbeard’s Castle)…………………………………………………………………………………………..….33 St. Thomas Synagogue…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….34 National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 5 AMERICAN SAMOA National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 6 Resource Name: Blunts Point Battery Alternate Name: Blunts Point Naval Gun Reference Number: 73002128_NHL Address: Matautu Ridge City or Town: Pago Pago vicinity County: Tutuila Island Territory: American Samoa List Date: 05/28/1987 Period of Significance: 1900- Significant Dates: 1940-1943 Areas of Significance: Military National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 7 Resource Name: Government House Alternate Name: U.S. Naval Station Tutuila; Building No. 1 Reference Number: 72001443_NHL Address: Togotogo Ridge City or Town: Pago Pago County: Eastern District Territory: American Samoa List Date: 12/14/1990 Period of Significance: 1903-1951 Significant Dates: 1903; 1905; 1941-1942 Areas of Significance: Politics/Government; Military Theme or Historic Context(s): Political and Military Affairs, 1865-1939: America Becomes a World Power, 1865-1914: Military Affairs: Politics and Diplomacy; World War I, 1914-1919; World War II: War in the Pacific Architectural Classification(s): Military Greek Revival (Tropical Victorian) Architect and/or Builder: U.S. Navy National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 8 COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 9 Resource Name: Landing Beaches; Aslito/Isley Field; & Marpi Point, Saipan Island Alternate Name: Saipan International Airport and Beaches, Saipan Reference Number: 85001789_NHL Address: Saipan International Airport and Beaches City or Town: Chalan Kanoa vicinity Island: Saipan Territory: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands List Date: 02/04/1985 Period of Significance: 1900- Significant Dates: 1944 Areas of Significance: Military Theme or Historic Context(s): WWII, Pacific Architect and/or Builder: Unknown National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 10 Resource Name: Tinian Landing Beaches, Ushi Point & North Fields, Tinian Island Alternate Name: North Field Historic District Reference Number: 85003268_NHL Address: Address unknown at this time City or Town: Tinian Village Island: Tinian Territory: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands List Date: 12/30/1985 Period of Significance: 1900- Significant Dates: 1944-1945 Areas of Significance: Military Theme or Historic Context(s): WWII, Pacific Architect and/or Builder: U.S. Navy Seabees National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 11 FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 12 Resource Name: Nan Madol Reference Number: 74002226_NHL Address: East side of Temwen Island City or Town: Temwen Island County: Pohnpei Territory: Federated States of Micronesia List Date: 09/16/1985 Period of Significance: Prehistoric; 1800-1899 Significant Dates: 400-1900s C.E. Areas of Significance: Archeology: Prehistoric; Archeology: Historic; Architecture; Engineering; Politics/Government Architect and/or Builder: Olosohpa; Olosihpa National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 13 Resource Name: Truk Lagoon Underwater Fleet, Truk Atoll Alternate Name: Truk Lagoon, Truk State, Federated States of Micronesia Reference Number: 76002267_NHL Address: Truk Lagoon City or Town: Truk County: Truk Territory: Federated States of Micronesia List Date: 02/04/1985 Period of Significance: 1900- Significant Dates: 1944-1945 Areas of Significance: Military Theme or Historic Context(s): WWII Pacific National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 14 KINGDOM OF MOROCCO National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 15 Resource Name: American Legation Alternate Name: Old Legation-Museum Building Reference Number: 81000703_NHL Address: 8 Zankat America (Rue d'Amerique) City or Town: Tangier County: Tangier State: Kingdom of Morocco List Date: 12/17/1982 Period of Significance: 1800-1899 Areas of Significance: Architecture; Commerce; Military; Politics/Government National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 16 PUERTO RICO National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 17 RESTRICTED Resource Name: Antonio Lopez Alternate Name: S. S. Antonio Lopez Reference Number: 93001593_NHL_R Address: Address Restricted City or Town: Dorado vicinity County: Dorado Territory: Puerto Rico List Date: 12/09/1997 Period of Significance: 1881-1898 Significant Dates: 1881-1882; June 28, 1898 Areas of Significance: Archeology: Historic; Military; Transportation; Engineering; Architecture (Naval) Theme or Historic Context(s): Shaping the Political Landscape: Military Institutions and Activities; Expanding Science and Technology: Technological Applications; Changing Role of the United States in the World Community: Expansion and Imperialism; Political and Military Affairs: America Becomes a World Power: Military Affairs (Spanish-American War); Transportation: Ships, Boats, Lighthouses, and Other Structures; Architecture-Maritime; Technology: Transportation Architectural Classification(s): Steel Propeller Steam Liner Architect and/or Builder: Denny, Peter, William Denny and Brothers National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 18 Resource Name: Caguana Site Alternate Name: Capá Site Reference Number: 92001671_NHL Address: 11.9 km west of Utuado, on Highway 11 City or Town: Utuado vicinity County: Utuado Territory: Puerto Rico List Date: 11/04/1993 Period of Significance: C.E. 1200-1500 Areas of Significance: Archeology: Prehistoric; Archeology: Historic-Aboriginal Theme or Historic Context(s): Cultural Developments: Indigenous American Populations; Prehistoric/Historic Archeology: Topical Facets; Prehistoric/Historic Religion, Ideology and Ceremonialism; Major Contributions to the Development of Cultural Histories National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 19 RESTRICTED Resource Name: Caparra Archeological Site Alternate Name: Ciudad de Puerto Rico Reference Number: 84003155_NHL_R Address: Address Restricted City or Town: Guaynabo vicinity County: San Juan Territory: Puerto Rico List Date: 04/19/1994 Period of Significance: Spanish Colonial Significant Dates: C.E. 1508-1521 Areas of Significance: Exploration/Settlement Theme or Historic Context(s): European Colonial Exploration and Settlement: Spanish Exploration and Settlement-Caribbean Significant Person(s): Ponce de León, Juan National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 20 Resource Name: La Fortaleza Reference Number: 66000951_NHL Address: Calle Fortaleza, San Juan Island between San Juan Bay and Calle Recinto Oeste City or Town: San Juan County: San Juan Territory: Puerto Rico List Date: 10/09/1960 Period of Significance: 1500-1599; 1600-1699; 1700-1799; 1800-1899 Significant Dates: 1533; 1649; 1846 Areas of Significance: Military; Politics/Government Architectural Classification(s): Neo-Classical Architect and/or Builder: Unknown National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 21 REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 22 Resource Name: Kwajalein Island Battlefield Alternate Name: Kwajalein Missile Range, U.S. Army Reference Number: 85001757_NHL Address: Kwajalein Missile Range City or Town: Kwajalein Atoll vicinity County: Kwajalein Atoll Territory: Republic of the Marshall Islands List Date: 02/04/1985 Period of Significance: 1900- Significant Dates: 1944 Areas of Significance: Military Theme or Historic Context(s): WWII Pacific National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 23 Resource Name: Roi-Namur Alternate Name: Kiernan Re-entry Measurements Site, Kwajalein Missile Range Reference Number: 85001758_NHL Address: Kwajalein Missile Range City or Town: Kwajalein Atoll vicinity County: Kwajalein Atoll Territory: Republic of the Marshall Islands List Date: 02/04/1985 Period of Significance: 1900- Significant Dates: 1944 Areas of Significance: Military Theme or Historic Context(s): WWII Pacific National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 24 REPUBLIC OF PALAU National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 25 Resource Name: Peleliu Battlefield Reference Number: 85001754_NHL Address: Peleliu Island City or Town: Peleliu Island County: Peleliu Territory: Republic of Palau List Date: 02/04/1985 Period of Significance: 1900- Significant Dates: 1944 Areas of Significance: Military Theme or Historic Context(s): WWII Pacific National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 26 U.S. MINOR ISLANDS National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 27 Resource Name: Wake Island Reference Number: 85002726_NHL Address: In the North Pacific City or Town: Wake Island Island: Wake Island Territory: U.S. Minor Islands List Date: 09/16/1985 Period of Significance: 1900- Significant Dates: 1941-1945 Areas of Significance: Military Theme or Historic Context(s): WWII Pacific National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 28 Resource Name: World War II Facilities at Midway Alternate Name: Battle of Midway Reference Number: 87001302_NHL Address: Sand and Eastern Islands City or Town: Midway Islands Island: Midway Islands Territory: U.S. Minor Islands List Date: 05/28/1987 Period of Significance: 1900- Significant Dates: 1941-1942 Areas of Significance: Military National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 29 VIRGIN ISLANDS National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 30 Resource Name: Columbus Landing Site Alternate Name: Salt River Bay; Fort Salé; Judith's Fancy Site; Upper Salt River Bay Archeological District; Greigh's Battery; Customs Watch House Ruin; Historic Shipwreck Reference Number: 66000743_NHL Address: East of Greig Hill on Salt River Bay City or Town: Salt River Bay, Christiansted vicinity County: St. Croix Territory: Virgin Islands List Date: 10/09/1960 Period of Significance: November 14, 1493 Areas of Significance: Archeology: Prehistoric; Archeology: Historic; Exploration/Settlement Theme or Historic Context(s): Cultural Developments: Indigenous American Populations; Post- Archaic and Pre-Contact Developments: Caribbean Adaptations; Prehistoric/Historic Archeology: Topical Aspects: Prehistoric/Historic Religion, Ideology, and Ceremonialism: Major Contributions to the Development of Cultural Histories; European Colonial Exploration and Settlement; Spanish Exploration and Settlement: Caribbean; French Exploration and Settlement; English Exploration and Settlement; Other European Exploration and Settlement: Scandinavian-Danish: Dutch: French Chapter of the Knights of Malta; Peopling Places: Migrations from outside and within: Encounters, Conflicts, and Colonization; Creating Social Institutions and Movements: Religious Institutions; Expanding Science and Technology: Scientific thought and theory Significant Person(s): Columbus, Christopher National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 31 Resource Name: Fort Christian Alternate Name: Christians Fort Reference Number: 77001329_NHL Address: At St. Thomas Harbor City or Town: Charlotte Amalie County: St. Thomas Territory: Virgin Islands List Date: 05/05/1977 Period of Significance: 1671-1917 Areas of Significance: Exploration/Settlement; Military Theme or Historic Context(s): Peopling Places: Encounters, Conflicts, and Colonization; European Colonial Exploration and Settlement: Other European Exploration and Settlement: Scandinavian (Danish) Architectural Classification(s): 17th and 18th Century Danish Military; Late Victorian: Gothic Architect and/or Builder: Iverson, Governor Jørgen National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 32 Resource Name: Fort Frederick Alternate Name: Fort Frederik (U.S. Virgin Islands); Frederiksfort Reference Number: 96001073_NHL Address: South of junction of Mahogany Road and Route 631, North end of Frederiksted City or Town: Frederiksted County: St. Croix Territory: Virgin Islands List Date: 09/25/1997 Period of Significance: 1752-1878 Significant Dates: July 3, 1848; October 1, 1878 Areas of Significance: Exploration/Settlement; Ethnic Heritage: Black Theme or Historic Context(s): Peopling Places: Encounters, Conflicts, and Colonization; Developing the American Economy: Labor Organizations and Protests; European Colonial Exploration and Settlement: Other European Exploration and Settlement: Scandinavian (Danish); American Ways of Life: Slavery and Plantation Life Architectural Classification(s): Danish Colonial Architect and/or Builder: Unknown National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 33 Resource Name: Skytsborg (Blackbeard's Castle) Alternate Name: Fogarthy's Castle; Kjaer's Castle Reference Number: 91001844_NHL Address: No. 38 Dronningens Gade, King's Quarter City or Town: Charlotte Amalie vicinity County: St. Thomas Territory: Virgin Islands List Date: 10/12/1994 Period of Significance: 1679-1700 Significant Dates: 1679 Areas of Significance: Exploration/Settlement; Military Theme or Historic Context(s): European Colonial Exploration and Settlement: Other European Exploration and Settlement: Scandinavian (Danish) Architectural Classification(s): Military Fortification Architect and/or Builder: Iversen, Governor Jørgen National Historic Landmarks-US TERRITORIES 34 Resource Name: St. Thomas Synagogue Alternate Name: Beracha Veshalom Vegemiluth Hasadim (Blessing and Peace and Acts of Piety); The Synagogue Reference Number: 97001270_NHL Address: Crystal Gade 16AB, Queens Quarters City or Town: Charlotte Amalie County: St. Thomas Territory: Virgin Islands List Date: 09/25/1997 Period of Significance: 1833-circa 1850 Significant Dates: 1833 Areas of Significance: Religion Theme or Historic Context(s): Peopling Places: Community and Neighborhood; Creating Social Institutions and Movements: Religious Movements; American Ways of Life: Ethnic Communities Architectural Classification(s): Greek Revival; Gothic Revival Architect and/or Builder: Unknown