DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 314 078
IR 053 012
AUTHOR
Kittel, Dorothy
TITLE
Interlibrary Cooperation and Resource Sharing.
INSTITUTION
Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED),
Washington, DC.
PUB DATE
87
NOTE
6p.; For the 1985 report, see ED 284 555.
PUB TYPE
Reports - Descriptive (141)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
Annual Reports; *Federal Aid; Library Administration;
*Library Automation; *Library Cooperation; Library
Expenditures; *Library Networks; Online Catalogs;
Program Descriptions; *Shared Resources and Services;
*Telecommunications; Union Catalogs
IDENTIFIERS
Guam; *Library Services and Construction Act; Puerto
Rico; United States; Virgin Islands
ABSTRACT
Based on fiscal year 1986 annual reports from 48
states, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, this report
describes interlibrary cooperation and resource sharing activities
supported by the Library Services and Construction Act (LSCA), Title
III, funds. In response to the 1984 amendment to Title III (which
required each state to include in its long-range planning a statewide
resource sharing plan ide::ifying interlibrary and resource sharing
objectives): states reported the following activities: (1) the
planning and evaluation of statewide automation programs for resource
sharing;
(2) the establishment and maintenance of computerized
holdings lists of serials and moncgraphs using the OCLC online
database for bibliographic descriptions; (3) the conversion of
bibliographic holdings to machine-readable records; (4) the
automation of circulation and resource sharing systems; and (5)
training and continuing education programs for planning and
implementing technology-based activities and services. In addition,
excerpts from selected annual reports provide brief descriptions of
specific projects in the areas of planning and evaluation, network
management, expanded support of communication networks, document
delivery systems, converting bibliographic holdings to
machine-readable records, automated circulation and resource sharing
systems, continuing education, and staff development. (SD)
* ********* * ************* *****************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
Interlibrary Cooperation and Resource Sharing
In fiscal year 1986, funds appropriated for Title!!!
were $16,881,000. As in other years, not all of this
amount was expended in FY 86; some funds were
carried over to FY 87. The following section is
hased on the annual reports for FY 85 received
from 48 States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin
Islands. Only those activities supported in whole
or in part with LSCA Title III funds are included.
Therefore, many significant and well-known
cooperative Ibrary activities are not part of this
report.
The States reported expenditures of $16,914,363
from FY 85 carryover funds and FY 86
appropriated funds for Title III activities. These
funds were frequently supplemented with funds
from State and other sources. However, since Title
Ill does not require the States to match the
Federal grant, States are not required to report
funds from other sources. For this reason, the
amount of LSCA Title III funds expended is not
given.
In carrying out their programs for planning,
establishing, expandir -, and operating
cooperative network:
libraries, the State reports
indicate that much has been achieved in
responding to the 1934 amendment to Title 111.
The amendment required each State to include in
its long-range program a Statewide resource
sharing plan identifying interlbrary and resource
sharing objectives to be achieved during the
period covered by the program. The objectives
included, but were not limited to:
1. Criteria for participation in Statewide
resource sharing to ensure equitable
participation in libraries of all types that
agree to meet requirements for resource
sharing;
2. An analysis of the needs for development
and maintenance of bibliographic access,
including databases for monographs, serials,
and audiovisual materials;
3. An analysis of the needs for development
and maintenance of communication systems
for information exchange among
participating libraries;
Dorothy Kitts,
U.S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER (ERIC)
This document has been reproduced as
received from the person or organization
originating it
C Minor changes have been made to improve
.eproduction Quality
Points of new or opinions stated in this Coca
ment do not necessanly represent official
OERI nosition or policy
4. An analysis of the needs for development
and maintenance of delivery systems for
exchanging library materials among
participating Ibraries;
5. A projection of the computer and other
technological needs for resource sharing;
6. An identification of means which will be
required to provide users access to library
resources, including collection development
and maintenance in major public, academic,
school, and private libraries serving as
resource centers;
7. A proposal, where appropriate, for the
development, establishment, demonstration,
and maintenance of intrastate multitype
library systems;
8. An analysis of the State's needs for
development and maintenance of links with
State and national resource sharing
systems; and
9. A description of how the evaluations will
be conducted.
The development of new access and delivery
systems so people may gain the knowledge and
information they want or need, wherever it may be
located, is and has been one of the goals of the
LSCA Title III, Interlibrary Cooperation and
Resource Sharing program. Activities undertaken
during FY 86 leading to the achievement of these
goals have included:
Planning and evaluation of Statewide
automation programs for resource sharing.
Establishing, expanding, and operating
networks.
Interlibrary loan and document delivery services.
Converting bibliographic holdings to
machine-readable records.
Automated circulation/resource sharing
systems.
Continuing education and staff development.
Interlibrary cooperation and resource sharing
programs carried on by the States are rarely
isolated activities. Rather, they are most often
projects joined together to form a broader
Statewide resource sharing program. Excerpts
from selected State FY 86 annual reports
describing activities under Title III are presented
below. For additional intonation and complete
State reports from all States, contact the
appropriate State library administrative agency.
Planning and Evaluation
Florida The services of the Bureau of
Interlibrary Cooperation, Division of Library and
Information Services, established in FY 84 to
facilitate the development of cooperative
networks, were enhanced through the effective
use of personnel, equipment, and travel funds. A
library consultant was employed to provide
guidance in resource sharing, consortium
development, and administration. A computer
operator maintained the operation of essential
automated systems, such as OCLC and the State
Library's interconnected CLSI system. Planning
was greatly facilitated by the ability to pay for
convening groups of key persons, such as the
State Library Network Advisory Committee, the
Board of Directors of the Florida Center for Library
Automation, the personnel of the Florida Library
Information Network, and others.
Massachusetts The Southeastern
Massachusetts Cooperating Libraries received a
grant to conduct a needs analysis for future
expansion of automated interlibrary resource
sharing among public, academic, and special
libraries.
Connecticut The State Library contracted with
RMG Consultants Inc., to conduct a study of
existing local library methods of locating and
obtaining Ibrary materials, and to produce a draft
plan and recommendations for more efficient use
of resources in Connecticut libraries.
Establishing, Expanding, and
Operating Networks
Colorado
A grant was given to the Western
Slope libraries to provide on-line access to their
collections for all residents of Colorado and to
maximize the use of Western Slope library
resources before accessing other libraries in the
State.
Alabama
A third-year and final grant was made
to the Alabama Library Management Network to
upgrade the hardware of the shared circulation
system for the expansion of the network. This is
now a fully operational, self-supporting consortium
of four public library systems, three college and
university libraries, three public school libraries,
and one special library. The project has
successfully linked the major resource libraries of
North Alabama in d cooperative automated
network with a full spectrum of smaller libraries.
Indiana
Area Ibrary Service Authorities (ALSA)
are charged with providing three services:
interlit oary loan, reference referral, and
consultation/staff development. Project funds were
used to support nine ALSA offices and the
reference centers, including personnel expenses,
and to provide delivery and other services to meet
local demands. AL SAs continued to exploit
software capabilities for improved management
control and refinements in resource sharing.
ALANET was made available to all ALSAs.
Experiments in lateral interlibrary loans via
microcomputers were conducted.
North Carolina
The first North Carolina
network service, the North Carolina On-line Union
Catalog, became operational in May, 1986, via
OCLC. The North Carolina On-line Union List of
Serials, also built and maintained by OCLC,
became operational in the fall. The third service, a
Statewide electronic mail and bulletin board
system, was contracted with Western Union and
training was held for participating libraries.
Massachusetts
A grant was made to the
Central-Westem Massachusetts MARS, a
consortium of 28 public and academic libraries,
which uses automated technologies to facilitate
resource sharing among member libraries.
Project activities included acceptance of 14 new
member libraries in the consortium, installation of
central-site computer equipment for new members
(central processing unit, disk drives, multiplexors),
and expansion of resource sharing services by
using local terminals connected to the central -;te
via telecommunications. Over 1 million volumes
were added to the database, increasing it by 20
percent. Inter-library loan tumaround time for the
newly added members has decreased by at least
15 percent.
Michigan
The State Library of Michigan made
subgrants to 14 multitype Regions of Cooperation
(ROC). A few examples are:
The Capitol Area Network used its grant to: 1)
create machine-readable records of
monographic holdings; 2) support electronic
communication among member libraries for
interlibrary loan and routine communications; 3)
conduct a study to determine the feasibility of a
shared automation system of the holdings of
the Jackson District Library and the Jackson
Community College Library; 4) provide member
lbraries with copies of the updated version of
the Michigan Library Consortium's Union List of
Serials; and 5) support continuing education in
the field of educational technology.
Macomb ROC: 1) expanded the regional
database of monographic and serial holdings
by adding the records of three hospital libraries;
2) expedited the interloan and delivery of
materials by installing a new telefacsimile
machine; and 3) purchased Apple computers
for all member !trades to establish an
electronic mail system.
Lakeland Area Lbrary Network: 1) provided
reimbursement to net lenders and supported
access to the University Microfilm Article
Clearinghouse for all members of the library
network; 2) produced the LAKENET Union List
of Serials from OCLC and distributed it to
member libraries; and 3) continued purchase of
equipri'ent to establish faster electronic
communication among member libraries.
Interlibrary Loan And Document
Delivery Service
Florida
Grants were made to :1) Florida State
University Strozier Library to purchase, install,
operate, and maintain a telefacsimile unit for
services related to the transmission of requested
information and materials to and from members of
the Florida Library Information Network (FLIN);
and 2) the Jacksonville and Tampa-Hilisborough
Publ:c Libraries to provide services required for
telefacsimile transmission of delivery of requested
information and materials, free of charge, to other
Florida libraries participating in the FLIN program.
New Jersey
A grant was made to the New York
Metropolitan Reference and Research Library
Agency (Metro) for partial reimbursement for film
and video interibrary loan delivery services to and
from New Jersey Metro members. The delivery
SIP/ice was increased to three times per week for
all New Jersey Film Co-op members, thus
4
decreasing shipping time throughout the system
and leading to an increased availability of these
resources to member libraries.
Michigan
Funds were used to expand the
newly established teiefacsimile network in order to
facilitate high-speed document delivery. The
equipment is being used for both document
delivery and interlibrary loan activity. In areas of
the State where the costs of electronic
communication make electronic bulletin boards
cost - prohibitive, the telefax is a real success.
Health science libraries are very pleased with the
speedy delivery of documents. Telefax has played
a role in some literally life-threathening situations.
Ohio
A pilot delivery system was initiated in two
separate areas of the State. The project has
studied the potential enhancement of reference
services and resource sharing of biomedical
literature among libraries of different types in Ohio.
Two multitype networks, each centered around a
major medical library, were created to serve as the
central points for access by public, academic, and
special libraries in each network. Participating
libraries have used telefacsimile technology in an
effort to increase reference services and resource
sharing, and to speed delivery of requested
materials. Activities in FY 86 covered only 4
months of a 13-month project. During this period,
tele-facsimile equipment was purchased and
installed at 17 libraries in 12 counties, brochures
were designed and printed to publicize the project,
and an advisory committee developed and
finalized interlibrary loan guidelines to be used by
participating libraries.
Converting Bibliographic Holdings To
Machine-Readable Records
Massachusetts
Falmouth Public Library
received a grant to develop a union list of serials
for public, academic, special, and school libraries
on geographically isolated Cape Cod. Using
project personnel, holdings of 41 libraries of all
types were processed through OCLC, with 500 of
those titles unique to Cape Cod and the Islands.
Over 7,000 titles were inputted. In the first 2
months of use, the interlibrary loan rates
increased 45 percent. An additional result was the
founding of the Cape Cod Inter-Library Association
(CCILA), representing all libraries on Cape Cod,
which will request LSCA FY 88 funds for a
circulation control system to further facilitate
resource sfiaring.
New York
Grants were made for projects
furthering database development objectives.
The Capitol District LRC converted 13,000
bibliographic records of 15 public, academic,
school, and special libraries into the OCLC
database.
o The Long Island LRC converted 13,333
bibliographic records from six Long Island
academic libraries, and also provided for the
creation of a CD-ROM regional catalog ti; the
holdings records of the Nassau Library System,
the Suffolk Cooperative Library System, and
the Long Island LRC's OCLC libraries.
Delaware An entirely new edition of the
Delaware COM catalog was produced, describing
603,733 titles held by libraries throughout the
State. Funds were used for additional
retrospective conversion of existing card catalogs
in the libraries of the Delaware Technical and
Community College (2 campuses) and the
Widener University.
West Virginia
Cataloging data accessible to
West Virginia users has been expanded to include
the three million records in the Library of
Congress MARC database by linking these files,
stored on laser discs, to the West Virginia (WV)
Linen Catalog database. Each user first searches
the WV databases to determine if a record already
exists. If it is not there, they may search the LC
database using the LC card number or a
title/author search. If the record exists on the LC
database, it is copied into the WV database, the
searcher's location code added, and downloaded
to the local srlsm.
Automated Circulation/resource
Sharing System
Washington
The Spokane County Library
District received a grant to undertake a
comprehensive telecommunications system study
for the Spokane Cooperative Library Information
System (SCOLIS). SCOLIS is a computer-based
network linking five major area libraries in sharing
resources and circulating materials. Since the
devs!opment of on-line services in 1981, the
network has grown rapidly over the five
intervening years to meet both anticipated and
unanticipated needs. As a result, the system has
reached its capacity before its time. The
communications system was state-of-the-art,
using leased telephone lines and a variety of
E
communications interface devices
an extremely
expensive method of providing data
communications, witn average monthly line
charges exceeding $3,000 for the five agencies.
The study provizted SCOLIS members with a
thorough analysis of the network and the
implementation of recommendations ;las begun.
Florida
Small grants were made to local
libraries to improve the quality of interlibrary loan
services offered by the libraries. Ranging from
$1,266 to $10,000, the grants were used to
purchase equipment and software to enable them
to access the Florida Library Information Network
(FLIN), to train staff, and to pay for system-use
fees associated with the ILL and resource sharing
activities of FLIN.
Alabama
Muscle Shoals Regional Library
received a grant to extend the automated
circulation system to four more libraries and to
finish loading holdings information and patron
information onto the database. With the addition of
new terminals and light pen readable patron
cards, the plan for total automation was completed
within 2 years.
Continuing Education And Staff
Development
CaPtomia
The Peninsula Library System
completed a 3-year program of work with People's
Computer Company, a nonprofit organization, for
a series of seminars on computer literacy.
Programs this year included: "Computer Comfort,"
"Train the Trainer," and "On-line Communication
Information Services." Staff from all types of
libraries part'oipated. The program has proven
cost effective and has aided the State in
sponsoring clusters of training in many areas over
a period of time. Many participants stated that
they gained the confidence and structure
necessary to effectively provide computer training,
as well as techniques they can use in other
presentation areas.
North Carolina -- The North Carolina Library
Staff Development Program grew out of an LSCA
Title Ili supported project, "Continuing Education
and Staff Development." It began operation under
contract with North Carolina Central University's
School of Library and Information Science
(NCCU/SLIS). The program operates with an
Advisory Council, which is composed of practicing
librarians from all sections of the State. All types of
libraries, library specialties, and Statewide library
organizations are represented Ln the Advisory
Council. During 1986, four other library education
programs decided to join the NCCU/SLIS
continuing education programs (University of
North Carolina
Chapel Hill, UNC
Greensboro, Eastern Carolina University,
Appalachian State University, and North Carolina
Central University). The deans of the schools
serve on the Advisory Council and form an
Executive Advisory Policy Group for the program.
The program is the first cooperative venture of the
State's five library education programs. It is a
major effort to involve the State's major library
training and education providers in better planning
among themselves and with their constituencies,
so that duplication of effort is decreased and
timely events are offered as conveniently and
inexpensively as possible. During the first year, 40
programs reaching 784 individuals were offered.
Individuals from all types of libraries participated in
the workshops, which offered a variety of topic
areas at a variety of levels.
Virginia
The Lynchburg Area Library
Co-Operative conducted five workshops on the
following topics: public relations for library
personnel, gift materials, cataloging of audiovisual
materials, and business reference sources and
services. A total of 188 people participated in the
workshops, representing 18 libraries including
academic, school, public, hospital, and special
libraries. Overall, the workshops received positive
evaluations and library directors indicated that
participating staff members were, or soon would
be, applying the knowledge and techniques
acquired.