69th Congress, 2d Session
Senate Document No. 170
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
GOVERNOR OF
THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR
ENDED JUNE 30, 1926
PRESENTED BY MR. BINGHAM
DECEMBER 10, 1926,—Ordered to be printed
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
.1926
•
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE
VIRGIN ISLANDS
GOVERNMENT HOUSE,
Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands, October 1, 1926.
SIR: The following report of the Governor of the Virgin Islands,
for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1926, is herewith submitted.
POLITICAL
As outlined in the governor's report for the fiscal year 1925,
the colonial council of St. Croix had been declared, by the gov-
ernor, to be not legally organized. This condition still existed
when the present governor took office. The colonial council had
refused to recognize the governor's right to decide upon the quali-
fications of his appointed members in the council. Soon after the
present governor's accession to office, a conciliatory letter on the
question at issue was addressed to the council of St. Croix. This,
however, brought no results. As required by law, regular meet-
ings had been set for the council. They came and went without a
quorum.
Early in 1926, the chairman of the colonial council, through
the governor, addressed a letter to the President of the United
States in which he asked for a "ruling as to whether the colonial
council has the right to decide upon the validity of its appointed
members." To this, the Attorney General of the United States
replied in part:
I am therefore of the opinion that the colonial council at St. Croix is
without authority to pass upon the qualifications of members nominated by the
governor.
Accordingly, at the meeting of the colonial council set for July
12, 1926, and over a year since its last legal meeting, a sufficient
number of council members attended, a quorum was declared, the
protested members seated and the council began anew its legal
operations.
The governor is pleased to note that the colonial council of St.
Croix is now in legal operation and is functioning normally.
The colonial council of St. Thomas and St. John has been
characterized by its friendliness to the government and its keen
appreciation of the various problems with which it has been con-
fronted.
LEGISLATION
During the year there were introduced in Congress several bills
to provide an organic act for the Virgin Islands.
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REPORT OF THE 'GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
That these islands should be governed by laws purely Ameri-
can in spirit, can not well be denied. But this spirit must be in-
terpreted in terms of local possibilities, economically and politi-
cally. It is trusted that no legislation which does not carefully
weigh these insular elements be seriously considered by the Con-
gress.
It is believed that the inhabitants of the Virgin Islands should
be given United States citizenship. They expected it with the
purchase of the islands and it would appear that their expecta-
tions were translated into favorable terms in the treaty of cession.
This interpretation was later decided to be erroneous so that they
are now "inhabitants of the Virgin Islands entitled to the protec-
tion of the United States." If this small outpost in the West In-
dies is to be a credit to the Nation their aspirations to citizenship
and naturalization should be heeded. With such favorable action
on their desires there should not of necessity follow unlimited
franchise without at least an educational qualification. Conditions
in the Virgin Islands bear little or no resemblance to those in the
States.
EDUCATION
Though there is much to be desired which only ample funds
could supply, yet the system of education as a whole is satisfac-
tory for the needs of the youth of the Virgin Islands. Though he
is handicapped by insufficient funds and personnel, the director of
education has a loyal and efficient force of coworkers and his results
bear fruit in the appreciation of parents and of visitors alike.
One hundred and thirteen teachers were employed and the school
attendance was 3,107, there being but little variation during the last
four years in the number of teachers or pupils.
Fourteen per cent of the children of school age in St. Thomas
were born outside the American Virgin Islands while in St. Croix
but 10 per cent were born away from St. Croix. This has an
interesting bearing on the several immigration problems to be
touched upon later.
The most serious factor in educational problems in the Virgin
Islands is lack of money. On the other hand, the government's
desire to Americanize the islands must conform with budgetary
possibilities and the enthusiasm of its officials kept within finan-
cial possibilities. Repairs to many buildings are urgent, while the
extension of manual training facilities, including an agricultural
school, are most needed and would be more nearly suitable to the
characteristics and needs of Virgin Island children.
There is particular need for a trade and agricultural school.
It is a matter of common knowledge that the best mechanics and
workmen have long been leaving the islands for the States where
they are tempted by more lucrative employment. Thus apprentices
anxious to learn a trade are now practically without adequate facili-
ties for manual training. Though some manual training is given
in the schools, it is not sufficient for the proper development of
skilled workmen.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
HEALTH AND SANITATION
Thirty per cent of the islands budgeted funds are devoted to
health and sanitation in the Virgin Islands. This situation is
reflected by the oral reports of many tourists who have traveled
through the West Indies and who comment most favorably on the
comparatively favorable conditions existing in these newly acquired
American possessions.
The death rate per thousand of inhabitants during 1925 was the
lowest on record, being 19.2 per 1,000. It has varied but little since
American possession of the islands but compares most favorably
with the years 1911-1917 (prior to the purchase of the islands) when
it averaged 35.4 per 1,000.
These favorable statistics are a direct result of the policy of
the Navy Department in detailing fof duty with the civil govern-
ment of the Virgin Islands eight naval medical officers and eight
Navy nurses.
The municipal hospital in St. Thomas and the new one in St.
Croix are well equipped for the care of the sick. There are no
institutions in the lesser West Indies rendering such service to
their respective communities. Reports from patients and from
outside sources confirm this gratifying fact. Every patient requir-
ing treatment, study, or observation, besides many indigent per-
sons, secure, generally free of charge, the best medical and sur-
gical treatment available. A day and night service is also main-
tained so that the natives may secure at any time, medical
assistance, even out in the country districts. In fact it is only in
such outlying possessions as Guam, Samoa, and the Virgin Islands
that the people receive so much gratuitous and excellent medical
attention.
The department of health maintains dispensary clinics for
patients not sufficiently sick to require hospital treatment, train-
ing schools for nurses, infant clinics, surgical service for those re-
quiring operations, a clinic for venereal diseases where treatment
in many cases is compulsory, a clinic for .mental and nervous cases,
a laboratory service. In both municipalities there is a municipal
dentist who is required to examine and to treat, free of charge,
the school children of the municipality. These activities exert a
profound and beneficial influence upon the communities they serve.
SANITATION SERVICE
In both St. Thomas and in St. Croix this department maintains
a sanitation service. The night-soil removal service continues to
improve and its operations have been extended. The sanitation
service makes property inspections, and during the year in St.
Thomas alone 2,179 insanitary conditions were made sanitary. The
inspection of cisterns, pools, cattle and swine, bakeries, soda-water
plants, and milk has produced excellent results. The school chil-
dren were again examined, as is done every year, and those with
correctable defects referred to the chief municipal' physician for
such treatment as was needed.
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REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
The mosquito problem, though not solved, is being well handled,
as the almost total absence of malaria would indicate.
The department of health maintains in St. Croix an insane
asylum as well as one for lepers, and has charge of the poor farm.
Inmates of these institutions come from the three islands, though
patients afflicted with leprosy, with one exception, originate in St.
Croix. The leper asylum has at present 78 patients. The han-
dling of leprosy cases seems adequate and effective.
Ninety-eight inmates comprise the number of indigent cared for
in the poor farm. The difficulty of getting the poor of St. Thomas
to go to St. Croix for admission to the poor farm there is responsible
for the fact that 91 per cent of the inmates are natives of St. 'Croix.
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE
This department of the civil government is concerned almost
solely with the care of the poor, their welfare and the distribution
of several legacies in addition to moneys annually budgeted for the
poor. From public funds and legacies there are 532 beneficiaries in
St. Thomas and 433 in St. Croix. The determination of the degree
of poverty and admissibility to the poor farm rests finally with this
department. The American Red Cross, through its local and
national representatives, is invaluable in its assistance to the poor
of the municipalities.
Generally speaking it is believed that the poor of these com-
munities receive a consideration and treatment not elsewhere ac-
corded them in the Caribbean, and that, accordingly, their lot is
a happier and healthier one.
AGRICITLTCRE, COMMERCE AND LABOR
This department is busily engaged in compilation of data required
for a preliminary study of the economic conditions of the Virgin
Islands the preparation of graphs tending to facilitate the compre-
hension of trend of the several phases of trade, commerce, and indus-
try in the islands.
A detailed agricultural survey Was been started, that for the island
of St. John having already been completed.
The work of this department in conjunction with the agricultural
experiment station maintained in St. Croix by the United States
Department of Agriculture, will in time be productive of good re-
sults. Much can be done along agricultural lines in the islands, since
both St. Thomas an*d St. Croix import considerable amounts of food
supplies and fruits which can and should profitably be grown in the
American Virgin Islands.
The diversification of crops, especially in St. Croix, where sugar
is still king, appears to have been proved feasible and is certainly
warrantable. Small planters have difficulty tiding themselves over
during the 18 months generally needed to harvest a sugar crop.
The Department of Agriculture is endeavoring to convince the small
farmer of the Wisdom of diversification of crops to coincide with sea-
sonal rainfall.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS 
5
Connected with this department is a tourist exhibit which is
opened during the winter months, and which was visited by hun-
dreds of tourists from the nine tourist ships coming to St. Thomas
during the winter of 1925-26. Many interesting examples of Virgin
Island manufacture and handiwork were on exhibit and for sale.
Pamphlets detailing Virgin Island attractions were freely distrib-
uted, while arrangements were made to open the tennis and golf
clubs and bathing beaches to all tourists desiring to take advantage
of their facilities.
This exhibit and the courtesies extended by this department to
visitors were greatly appreciated and resulted in numerous requests
for further data, additional sales and increased interest on the part
of continental Americans generally.
As a means of advertisement, this work has been pre-eminently
successful.
The small, though attractive, Virgin Island exhibit at the Ses-
quicentennial Exposition has proved another source for local pride
and satisfaction.
The climate in the American Virgin Islands is admitted by vis-
itors to be almost unexcelled for the tropics, especially in the late
fall, the winter and the spring months. In fact only during the
hurricane season does the steady and cooling influence of the nor-
mal trade winds show signs of diminution.
Medical authorities are loud in their praise of the islands as a
health resort and point out their numerous advantages.
Seldom do you find the torrential downpours which inundate most
tropical places. There is rainfall sufficient, however, for local needs.
SUGAR-CANE INDUSTRY
Adequate rainfall in St. Croix is necessary before an average sugar
crop can be planted, grown, and harvested. In fact the rainfall must
be so distributed during the several months as to insure consistent
growth of the cane without undue periods of drought and the effects
of the great evaporation from the sun's rays. An average rainfall
of 46 inches will, if fairly well distributed, insure the growth of a
good sugar crop. The almost unprecedented drought of 1920, 1921,
1922, and 1923 caused a loss to sugar interests in St. Croix from
which they will be long in recovering and which has caused a decrease
in the acreage planted to sugar.
The two water-supply systems in St. Croix will not be sufficient
for agricultural purposes. The government, encouraged by the in-
sistence of the planters, the past seriousness of their plight, and the
present low price of sugar, is giving attention to the problem of an
irrigation scheme for the island. This will presumably require a
loan from the Federal Government and its repayment over an ex-
tended period of years.
PUBLIC WORKS
Twenty-one per cent of the budgetted funds for the year went to
this department. Despite the handicap of insufficient funds, con-
siderable work was done on the roads in St. Thomas, those in
St. Croix requiring little else than patching and occasional repairs.
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REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
The roads in St. Thomas are in wretched condition, and consider-
able money is needed for their rebuilding and maintenance. Most
of them being on the hillsides are subject to heavy downpours and
consequent partial destruction. Often they soon thereafter become
well-nigh impassable. The great natural beauties of St. Thomas
attract thousands of tourists annually, and ample means for their
transportation around the island should be provided. Here, more
than in most communities, good roads are mandatory. Passable
roads which will open new areas to agriculture and enable the small
farmers to market their produce are particularly needed in St.
Thomas. The taxpayers of the United States would probably not
object to a small annual appropriation for roads in the Virgin
Islands. This subvention would well repay them for the money
invested and would prove an additional delight and source of
national pride for Americans. It would also accomplish the most
laudable result of affording regular employment to many deserving
poor in the municipality and instill in them the desire for and habit
of work and reducing poverty.
The water-supply systems of St. Thomas and of St. Croix are now
nearing completion. Thanks to the generosity of Congress and the
careful administration of funds in the islands, this important fea-
ture of insular welfare is about to be consummated and the people
assured of an adequate supply of water in time of drought.
At the time of writing this report there are not sufficient funds
to complete one of the units of the system according to the modified
plans. This will not interfere with the other independent units
which are either completed or nearing completion, and for which the
distribution systems are completed.
Many of the public buildings are in need of both major and minor
repairs. Hitherto the civil government has expended as little as
possible of the budgeted funds for repairs and as much as practi-
cable for elemental necessities. These buildings have now reached
such a state that repairs must be made to them in order that their
usefulness and general appearance may be decently maintained.
The telephone systems have suffered similarly and have therefore
reached a state where need for extensive repairs and alterations is
urgently necessary.
POLICE
In both St. Thomas and in St. Croix public conduct has been
excellent, though there were 939 arrests, against 752 for the pre-
vious year in St. Thomas, and 497 against 725 in St. Croix. The
vast majority of these cases were of 
minor nature, such as dis-
turbance of the peace, while 41 were for violations of the national
prohibition act.
The police departments of the island suffer the same difficul-
ties encountered in all small communities where the members of
the force personally know practically every individual in the towns.
This renders modern police methods and the enforcement of law
at times difficult. Despite this well known disadvantage, the police
force performs its duties creditably. There are many minor com-
plaints in course of adjustment at all times. The natives, especially
those of alien extraction, are prone to carry petty troubles to the
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS 
7
police courts and are frequently unduly contentious. Much of this
is diplomatically handled in the offices of the Directors of Police
and further litigation avoided.
PENAL INSTITUTIONS
The Richmond Penitentiary in St. Croix holds most of the
major offenders against the law. This has accommodations for 127
prisoners. Ample acreage enables the prisoners to cultivate
vegetables either for sale or for consumption. The food served
there is more abundant than that received by many hundreds of
poor people in the islands. The discipline, though strict, is enforced
with consideration.
Smaller prisons exist at St. Thomas and at Frederiksted. These
are situated in the old Danish forts erected in the eighteenth century.
These are used for transitory and minor offenders, and seem to be
conducted with satisfaction.
The government also maintains a reform school for boys in the
island of St. John. Its comparative inaccessibility renders the loca-
tion almost ideal. Abundant work and study are required of the
boys, many of whom upon eventual discharge seem to have profited
by their experience. A similar institution for girls of a wayward
nature has been advocated from time to time. The need exists, but
the money for purchase, construction, and maintenance can not be
found for a long time, since other projects of a more pressing nature
demand a prior consideration.
JUDICIARY
The judiciary continues to operate with despatch and efficiency.
The district court handled 65 cases during the year, several requiring
juries and consuming considerable time. In the police courts of the
islands 784 were tried in St. Thomas, 226 in Frederiksted, 396 in
Christiansted (622 for St. Croix), and 15 in St. John. Four appeals
were carried to the third circuit court in Philadelphia the great ex-
pense involved, especially in a poor community, will long deter some
people who for less expense would carry many cases to the higher
court.
From observation and local comment, it is believed that the
judiciary system in the islands adequately handles such cases as
come before the several judges, and that for expedition and jus-
tice the Virgin Islanders have no reasonable grounds for complaint
against the systems now in legal effect.
FIRE DEPARTMENT
The fire department of St. Thomas possesses neither adequate
equipment nor personnel to combat fires on any large scale. The
salt water pumping system, an installation of recent years, gives
sufficient pressure for small conflagrations confined within the town
limits, while the cooperation of the marine fire brigade has proved
of great value when needed.
In St. Croix the equipment is less modern—two chemical fire
engines, two large and four small hand engines, hose, ladders,
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REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
buckets, and fire hooks, comprise the equipment. Many of the fires
had their origin in cane fields due to carelessness of squatters.
PROHIBITION
This department, in charge of a retired officer of the Marine
Corps, has been most effective in its operation. The population
of the Virgin Islands, through racial and alien antecedents and cus-
toms, is overwhelmingly antiprohibition. It may, however, safety
be asserted that the American Virgin Islands, though sentimentally
opposed to prohibition in all its phases, present a prohibition situation
deemed satisfactory judged from continental American standards.
BAY RUM
This department is also responsible for the compliance with all
regulations governing the manufacture of bay rum. This industry,
suffering from a momentary depression during the early days of
prohibition enforcement in the Virgin Islands, continues to expand.
Despite reports and published propaganda that prohibition had
ruined the bay rum industry for which St. Thomas was so long
famous, the following tabulations of export are of immediate interest:
Gallons sold and exported
Fiscal year:
Danish occupation-
1909-10 
 15, 866
1910-11 
 19, 975
1911-12 
 8, 068
1912-13 
 13, 650
1913-14 
 15, 399
1914-15 
 14, 107
1915-16 
 32, 839
American possession-
1916-17 
 47, 208
1917-18 
 28, 719
1918-19 
 52, 519
1919-20 
 89, 105
1920-21 
 79,415
1921-22 
 73, 859
1922-23 
 65, 524
1923-24 
 74, 574
1924-25 
 79, 730
1925-26 
 85, 148
It will therefore be noted that the islands are, generally speaking,
selling nearly three times as much bay rum as during the best years
before we purchased the islands, and that even during our posses-
sion, and subsequent to the sudden slump following upon prohibi-
tion, the islands exported and sold a yearly increasing amount of
bay rum.
ST. THOMAS HARBOR DEPARTMENT
Taken as a whole the fiscal year 1926 was an excellent one for
this department. All the major items of revenue in the budget
exceeded the estimates, while the .collections from ships' dues ex-
ceeded the estimates by about $6,000. This can be taken as an
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS 
9
index of a fairly prosperous year. Four hundred and thirty two
vessels, with a gross tonnage of 1,657,213, visited the port of St.
Thomas during the fiscal year. This is a slight increase over the
previous year.
St. Thomas, as a shipping port, has seen its best days. During
the World War the weekly Hamburg-American Line service was
withdrawn as well as that of the Compagnie Generale Transat-
lantique. Even before the war, their interests had been seriously
affected by world-wide changes in shipping, so that it was only a
question of time before the expected decline would set in. Recent
advertising in a leading maritime journal, pamphlets distributed
to tourist ships, the free use of our harbor craft for tourist vessels,
have all added to make the port of St. Thomas somewhat more
popular. The extension of this method of advertising will bring
even more favorable results.
The looks of the harbor and waterfront are greatly marred by
the unsightly remains of a sunken dry dock and several hulks on
the beaches. It is hoped that the Federal Government will be willing
to assist the civil government of the Virgin Islands in an effort
to clear up this unsightly condition which leaves an unfavorable
impression upon visitors.
GOVERNMENT SECRETARIAT
This office is, by law and regulation, charged with a multiplicity
of duties, comments on which are hereto made.
(a) Budgets.—Budgets for the two municipalities of St. Thomas
and St. John and of St. Croix were drawn up late in the winter of
1926. The greatest difficulty every year is experienced in estimating
the probable tax return upon the sugar exports in St. Croix. The
harvesting of the sugar crop in the later part of the fiscal year and
its sale either immediately thereafter or in the next fiscal year,
presents a formidable problem for so small a community and one
in which the revenue derived from the export tax on sugar repre-
sents the largest single item of local revenue and some times as
much as one-third of the total revenues including the allocation of
the Federal appropriations. Drought seriously affecting the sugar
crop can never be anticipated and a serious lack of rainfall would
wreck the government's budget programs, since there is no au-
thority for a surplus carried forward except for special building
or road projects approved by the President, and the law does not
contemplate any sinking or other fund from which to meet unex-
pected reversals in a financial way. There is every reason for
asking Congress to make the appropriations for the Virgin Islands
continuing for two-year periods, if not available until spent. The
demands upon the Federal appropriations are so great, the sudden
failures in crop returns so serious and so fraught with irremedia-
ble danger to the insular, finances that the revision of appropria-
tion procedure as relating to the Virgin Islands should command
the attention of the Congress.
(b) Dry dock.—The governor regrets that the dry dock purchased
by a local firm and now at Jacksonville, Fla., can not be brought here
S D-69-2—vol 21-8
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REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS
for lack of funds. It is an ambitious project but one which, with
sufficient capital, should amply repay its backers, restore in some con-
siderable degree pristine shipping in the harbor of St. Thomas
and cause to flow into the colonial treasury and that of the harbor
board taxes and moneys not now received. A general betterment
of the whole community would result.
(e) Immigration.—A large part of the population of the Virgin
Islands, especially that of St. Thomas, is composed of aliens who,
during recent years, have migrated thither from the neighboring
British Virgin Islands. This is estimated to be about 21 per cent
of the inhabitants of St. Thomas. Probably 50 per cent of
the inhabitants, however, have relatives in these British Islands.
The wages and possibilities of employment are far superior
to those in the British Virgin Islands, so that there is ever a strong;
tendency to migrate to St. Thomas in the expectation of better-
ing their conditions and of reaching, eventually, that haven of all
nations, the United States. Upon this background is reared the diffi-
culty of enforcing the immigration laws of the United States. These
were placed into effect throughout the Virgin Islands on June 1,
1925. While complete compliance with the letter of the law is ren-
dered impracticable through lack of funds for immigration purposes,
the laws are being enforced in an adequate manner. Several court
actions and other legal checks have deterred aliens from attempting
to prove by false affidavit their status as citizens of the Virgin
Islands of the United States. This procedure is producing results
and it is consequently believed that few get past the barriers im-
posed by the immigration authorities and the watchful eyes of the
steamship companies.
Some easier procedure should be made effective for aliens who,
residing in the neighboring alien islands, desire to acquire residence
in or to pass through the Virgin Islands of the United States. Most
of these applicants are from the British Virgin Islands. They are
now required to appear in person before the American consul in
Barbados, several hundred miles to the southward. It is seldom
more than once a month a steamer makes the necessary passage and
only too frequently lack of space prevents accepting these particular
passengers. Some legal method should be devised which will permit,
say the immigration authorities in St. Thomas, to handle and pass
upon these cases. It would involve, necessarily, some change in the
United States immigration laws.
(d) Real and personal property taxes.—The real and personal
property taxes now in force in St. Thomas and St. John yield a
revenue nearly twice as great as the taxes in force prior to 1922,
when the new law became effective. The old Danish law is still
in effect in St. Croix, that municipality not having adopted similar
tax laws.
The report of Mr. Roswell F. Magill, the tax expert sent to the
Virgin Islands by the Treasury Department, indicates the possibility
of raising some increased taxes in the islands. Most beneficial of
suggestions is, however, the proper standardization of tax returns
by some proper modern method obviating the old-fashioned methods
partially in vogue in these insular possessions.
REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS 
11
CONCLUSION
The diversion of commerce consequent upon economic changes
throughout the world, the increasing area devoted to the cultiva-
tion of sugar in many countries, and the resultant low prices for
that necessity, have left an indelible impression upon the smaller
islands in the Caribbean and in particular upon the American Vir-
gin group.
The governor, therefore, regretfully concludes that some measure
of annual financial assistance from Congress will continue to
be necessary for these Virgin Islands. The maintenance of any
form of civil government approximating an ideal thoroughly Ameri-
can and the continuance of the standards set for education and
for health and sanitation will cause deficits in the local treasuries
which should continue to be met by a Federal appropriation.
Complete self-support can not be expected in these islands for
many years. Signs of improvement there are. Any greater meas-
ure of financial independence than that now existing must, of neces-
sity, be slow to materialize. Increased economic prosperity, will, in
all likelihood, depend upon:
1. Diversified crops in St. Croix with the possible establishment
of an irrigation project large enough to furnish planters and farmers
alike with an adequate supply of water for agricultural purposes.
2. Increased development of agriculture in St. Thomas to which
(rood roads would lend encouragement.
3. The location of a floating dry dock in St. Thomas Harbor.
4. Encouragement of tourist travel to both St. Thomas and St.
Croix, and the location in those islands of health resorts.
Respectfully,
MARTIN E. TRENCH,
Governor of the Virgin Islands.
His Excellency, THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES,
The White House, Washington, D. C.
0