Virgin Islands Goverament

Depository



AUG 1989



The Water Economy of a Low Flush Toilet ina

Water Deficient Region



Albert E. Pratt



Technical Report No. 3

July 1979



WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH CENTER

Caribbean Research Institute



College of the Virgin Islands



St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands

The Water Economy of a Low Flush Toilet in a

Water Deficient Region



by



Albert E. Pratt

Water Resources Research Center

Caribbean Research Institute

College of the Virgin Islands

St. Thomas, USVI 00801



Contract No. A-004-VI

Research Period 3/77 to 9/78

A project completion report.



July 1979



The work upon which this report is based



was supported by funds provided by the United

States Department of the Interior, Office of



Water Research and Technology as authorized



under the Water Resources Act of 1964, P.L. 88-379.



Technical Report No. 3

Water Resources Research Center

Caribbean Research Institute

College of the Virgin Islands

St. Thomas, USVI 00801

ABSTRACT



Water use at a public restroom facility was sub-

stantially reduced after installation of low-flush

toilets. Water in the region is scarce, demand is

high, and water is expensive. The first year of

operation of the low-flush toilets saved 36,500

gallons and reduced the true cost of water used



at the facility, predominately desalted water, from

$757 to $210. The research demonstrated the prac-

tical value of a conservation technique that, if

widely used in the Territory, could substantially

reduce costs for government water and energy pro-

duction.

CONTENTS



Paae



LIST OF FIGURES



v1



LIST OF TABLES



vii



INTRODUCTION



OBJECTIVES



SCOPE



APPROACH AND METHODS



RESULTS AND DISCUSSION



Public School Use



Overnight Accommodations Use



Government Office Use



Public Housing Use



Residential Use



RECOMMENDATIONS



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS



10



1



LITERATURE



TABLES



12



APPENDIX A



19

LIST OF FIGURES



Page



1



Record of Water Use at Red Hook



vi

LIST OF TABLES



Page



12



Water Center Water Meter Records



Comparison of Water Use Records



for the Red Hook Facility



13



14



Installation of Low-Flush Toilets at Red Hook



Public Works



Department; Jan



1976-Dec.



1976



15



Public Works



Department; Jan



1977-Dec.



1977



16



7



Public Works



Department; Jan



1978-Sept. 1978



Public Works



Department; Oct



1978-May 1979



18



vii

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW



The Territory of the U.S. Virgin Islands is composed of three main

islands: St. Croix (84 sq. mi.), St. Thomas (28 sq. mi.), and



St. John (20 sq. mi.), and more than 60 smaller islands and cays.

The islands as a group receive an average of 40 inches of rainfall

annually; however, about 90 percent of that rainfall is lost to

evapotranspiration and the group of tropical, oceanic islands is

classified as being semi-arid. The water resources, therefore,

are scarce and generally of poor quality. Because of the limited

scale of each island, there is no hinterland from which to draw

additional resources.



Approximately 100,000 people live on the land area of 135 square

miles. Most of the population relies directly on roof catchment and

cistern storage of the inconstant rainfall for household water sup-

plies.



The Territory experienced a period of phenomenal economic arowth and

population expansion during the 1960's and 1970's. The government

invested heavily in sea water desalting plants in an attempt to re-

lieve the chronic short supply of potable water created by the de-

mands of a booming tourism-based economy. Temporarily successful

in fulfilling the needs for potable water, by the mid-70's opera-

tional failures of the desalting equipment in combination with a

continual reliance on inefficient and obsolete distribution systems

and the meteorically rising price of energy made it impossible for

the government to meet daily potable water needs, and a six-hour

per day rationing schedule was imposed on public water supplies.



At peak production, the desalting plants are capable of supplying

approximately 75% of the estimated peak daily demand of 5.5 million

gallons of potable water for the Territory. Present cost for de-

salting sea water is assumed to be at least $15 per thousand gallons:

the true cost of production for the V.I. Water and Power Authority

is not known. The water is distributed to the public by the Virgin

Islands government (Public Works Department) and consumers are

charged a rate of $4 per thousand gallons, making it necessary for

the government to substantially subsidize Territorial water supply

programs.



Conservation of water has therefore been identified as one of the

ways the Virgin Islands government can reduce the strain of the

present fiscal squeeze.

The Virgin Islands Water Resources Research Center, through a grant

from the U.S. Department of Interior, Office of Water Research and

Technology, installed several low-flush toilets in a heavily trafficked

public restroom facility on St. Thomas and monitored the performance



of those units for a period of seventeen (17) months. The project

served a practical use for the residents and visitors of the Terri-

tory and demonstrated the conservation and cost-saving potential of

such equipment to the public agencies that operate and service the

public restroom facility.



OBJECTIVES



The project was intended to measure a reduction in water usage at a

public restroom facility after installation of low-flush toilets,

monitor maintenance and operational problems, and evaluate the net

effects that wide-scale use of low-flush equipment could have on the

present level of demand for government water production and distri-

bution.



SCOPE



The installation of low-flush toilets in combination with a monitoring

program provided the opportunity to evaluate the effects of reducing

the amount of water required for sanitary flushing on: a) the daily

water needs for operating a specific restroom facility, b) Territory-

wide water needs by projecting a reduction of demand, and c) reducing

the cost of water for an average household in the U.S. Virgin Islands.



APPROACH AND METHODS



Five (5) conventional toilets in a public restroom facility at Ped

Hook Ferry Dock, St. Thomas were replaced with low-flush units at a

total cost of $3580. The facility is operated by the V.I. Ports

Authority and was selected as the project site because it serves the

needs of the many residents of St. John and St. Thomas as well as

tourists who regularly use the St. Thomas-St. John ferries.



Water for the facility is supplied without cost to the Ports Authority

by the Public Works Department. Water is trucked as needed from the

public standpipe in Sub-base, about twelve miles away, and is stored

at the site in a 1,000 gallon steel tank. It is then pumped to the

restroom for use in the lavoratories and for sanitary flushing.



The low-flush units that were installed were Microphor LF-310 stain-

less steel] toilets. The system requires 50-70 PSI of compressed air

and a small amount of water from gravity flow or, as in this project,

at 1-60 PSI. A push button mounted on the toilet activates a flow of

water into the bow] and opens a valve in the base of the toilet. The

valve is then closed automatically and a charge of compressed air

ejects waste materials into a discharge line.



The Microphor unit is designed to operate on two (2) quarts of water

per flush. All parts of the unit are corrosion resistant, a benefi-

cial feature because of the high level of chlorides present in most of

the water delivered to the facility.



A water meter was installed in the feed line between the storage tank

and the restroom.



The newly-completed installation was tested on February 24, 1977.

From 7:30 a.m. until 3:15 p.m. there was a total of 60 flushes of

the units and 30 gallons of water was used. A conventional toilet

would have required more than 300 gallons for the identical use.



Operation of the facility was monitored for a period of seventeen

(17) months, from February 24, 1977 to June 22, 1978. Water delivery

records were submitted for analysis by the Public Works Department

for the period January 1, 1976 to June 30, 1979.



RESULTS AND DISCUSSION



The theoretical reduction of the water used for sanitary flushing at

the Red Hook facility is a factor of at least 10:1. The 10:1 reduc-

tion is the result of replacing the conventional flush toilets which

require five (5) gallons (or more) per flush with units that require

only two (2) quarts (or, 0.5 gallons) of water per flush.



In order to test the performance of the retrofitted facility, data

was aggregated by reporting calendar quarters. Four quarters of the

research period were then isolated for which good comparisons of the

data could be made. The analysis period selected was from April 1977

through March 1978.



During the analysis period, the Public Works Department records show

that a total of 14,000 gallons of water was delivered to the Red Hook

facility: a total of 50,500 gallons was delivered for the correspond-

ing period one year earlier.



No count was made of the number of people using the facility and no

records of previous levels of use exist. For purposes of this study,

it was assumed that traffic patterns were similar for the years 1976-

1978. (Note: Maintenance personnel noted that there appeared to be

an increase in traffic during the research period, and that it was

probably due to the improvement of the facility. )

Fit.



]



Record of Water Use at Red Hook



PROJECT NO.



A-004-VI



The Water Economy of a Low-flush Toilet



CALENDAR QUARTERS



f



1976



|



—_———



1977



1978



——-———



1979



zt 3)



Aan



2



|



ale hk



ig



4



|



1|



i=



ib y2



18000



ao



16000



14000 4{#—---—+-



12000



10000



Recorded Water Deliveries by



Public Works Department to



Red Hood Facility



8000



6000



ei Oe



(i



4000 #———-



Al



os



CA



| ——



A 8



SKI KD ny



4e Wy 4



</



Installation of



cS



e/ 0



L/



LO



ey



KLE



oy,



v)



Low-flush toilets



ae



Oa



Lp



=



¢e,



O



a,



7



iS



2000



4



Veg



oy,



Y?



a,



o,



4¥,



OA



4,



Vo, rf,



Vag



2,



&,



qd?



og



49,



4



4



/



OK]



&,



a,



¥,



Vag



we, !



oe,



&,



oe,



4,



a



4



@,



4,



¢,



oe,



2



PALE



Y



Z



“



‘@



Q



LA



P



a



Ye,



9



ro 9



4,



2. — aa Oa



(2



oI led



x



Q



of



va



Q



Qh



ot



a © _._ __ ___. ____..



Analysis



Water Meter Records



Research



WRRC/ap/79

The actual reduction of water use recorded by the government for the

analysis period was a ratio of 3.6:1--representing a savings of

36,500 gallons of water. At $4 per thousand gallons, the cost of

providing water to the Red Hook facility was reduced from $202 to

$56, a savings of $156 in one year. If the water savings is computed

at the assumed true cost of water for the Virgin Islands government--

$15 per thousand gallons--the reduction was $757.50 to $210.00, or a

true savings of $547.50.



The measurements of the performance of the low-flush toilets by records

from water meter readings also reflect the significant savings during

the research period. Discrepancies between sets of data is assumed to

be caused by the paucity of reliable means for government to measure

and monitor deliveries of water in the Territory.



Analysis of the water meter records reveals that a total of 12,660

gallons of water was used at the facility for the analysis period

(April 1977 - March 1978). The facility used an average of 30.4 gal-

lons per day for the analysis period, and 32.7 gallons per day for

the duration of the project (2/24/77 - 6/22/78). This computes to



an average use of 60-65 flushes per day with the Microphor units. A

conventional flush toilet (5 gallons/flush, or more) would require

300-325 gallons of water per day for that level of use.



During the course of the project, electrical problems were experienced

with the compressor unit. It was found that it was a deficiency in

the facility wiring and was corrected by the Ports Authority. One

mechanical breakdown occurred with a toilet unit. Replacement of a

malfunctioning valve cost $70, the total expenditure for maintenance

and repair during the research period.



A simple calculation to compute the rate of amortization of the in-

vestment in the low-flush toilets would be:



Annual cost of operating conventional toilets -



Annual cost of operating low-flush toilets =



Annual Savings; then, Total Investment + Annual Savings =

Rate of Amortization (in number of years)



A computation for the Red Hook facility based on a water price of

$4 per thousand gallons is:



Conventional Unit (5 gal/flush)



65 flushes/day x 5 gallons x 365 x $4/1000 = $475.50



Low-Flush Unit (0.5 gal/flush)



65 flushes/day x 0.5 gal x 365 x $4/1000 = 47.45



Gross Annual Savings: $427.05

Gross Annual Savings $427.05

Less adjustment for annual maintenance & repair 50.00"

Adjusted Gross Annual Savings: $377.05



*Note: It is assumed that the amount of electricity required

to operate the compressor balances the amount normally

required to operate the water pump--in fact, the energy

demand should be lessened because the low-flush units

require less water to be pumped for the same level of

use.



The total cost for the installation of low-flush toilets at the Red

Hook facility was $3580. Based on the present level of use, and at

a price for water at $4 per thousand gallons, it will take 9.5 years

to amortize the investment.



A computation for the Red Hook facility based on the assumed true

cost of water ($15/1000) in the Virgin Islands is:



Conventional Unit



65 x 5 x 365 x $15/1000 = $1779.38



Low-Flush Unit



65 x 9.5 x 365 x $15/1000 = 177.94

Gross Annual Savings $1601.44

Less Adjustment 50.00



Adjusted Gross Annual Savings $1551.44



Based on the true cost of water to the government, it will actually

take only 2.3 years to amortize the Red Hook investment.



The experience of the installation and use of low-flush toilets in

St. Thomas demonstrates the level of conservation of water that can

be attained by the practical applications of such devices. It has

also demonstrated that low-flush toilets, though more expensive to

purchase than is a conventional toilet, can quickly pay for itself

in the savings that can be realized where water is scarce and expen-

sive.



Clearly, there are many immediate applications in the U.S. Virgin

Islands for conserving water and saving money by installing low-

flush toilets, particularly with the true cost of water as high as

$15 per thousand gallons. With very few assumptions and several

general calculations, some of the more obvious applications for

low-flush toilets with maximum benefit to the government of the

Virgin Islands can easily be identified.



First, the assumptions:



a) The peak daily demand in the U.S. Virgin Islands

is 5.5 million gallons of potable water; the true

cost (production, storage, debt service, distribution,

administration, etc.) to the government is $15 per

thousand gallons; therefore, water costs each resident

of the Territory 82.5¢ per day, or, a total of $30.1

million annually for the government.



b) Typically, 45% of all residential and commercial water

(not including industrial) is used for sanitary flushing

(Note: This is an accepted standard.); for reasons

peculiar to water-scarce areas such as the Virgin Islands,

this amount may be less; say, an average of 35% for

flushing.



and c) The Microphor low-flush toilets theoretically save 90%

of the water which would be used by a conventional

toilet; there are various low-flush toilets available

commercially, and if in use, will save various amounts

of water; say, an average savings of 50%.



Therefore, if 35% of the peak daily demand for potable water is

used for sanitary flushing, it costs the residents of the Territory

$10.5 million per year to flush toilets. However, if all toilets

were water savers, it would cut the cost in half: assuming the

average price for a low-flush toilet is $300, the money saved by

the government would purchase more than 17,000 toilets each year:



The fact is, no one is really sure how much water is used or needed

in the Territory. No one knows how much money, public or private,



is invested in water annually. What is clear is that water saved



is also energy and money saved. Reducing the amount of water used

correspondingly reduces the energy required to desalt sea water,

operate pumps in our homes as well as the public distribution system,

distribute water by trucks on congested streets and highways, and to

collect and treat waste water.



Where can low-flush toilets be installed most easily to maximize the

impact on water demands in the Territory?



Public School Use:



The present school population is estimated to be 26,000. Assuming

each student flushes a conventional toilet 1.5 times a day (5 gal/

flush), the water used is 195,000 gallons/day. At a true cost of

$15/1000 gallons, the water costs $2925. Assuming the school year



is 180 days, water used simply for sanitary flushing in schools costs

the government $526,500 each year. Assuming low-flush toilets were

installed throughout the school system and 50% of the flushing water

was saved, 877 low-flush toilets could be paid for with public funds

that now go down the drain in one year.



Overnight Accomodations Use: (Hotels, Guesthouses, etc.)



There are presently 4300 units in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Assuming

an occupancy rate of 2.5 people per unit and each quest uses 100

gallons/day--45% of which is for sanitary flushing--a total of 483,750

gallons of water is used each day for flushing. Assuming an annual

occupancy rate of 30%, 53 million gallons of water are required by

overnight visitors to the islands for sanitary flushing each year.



If half of the water is saved by using low-flush toilets, approxi-

mately 1324 toilets could be purchased by money saved the first year.



(Note: A recent installation of low-flush toilets at a

beach hotel on St. Thomas reduced overall

consumption of water from over 100 gpcd to 80 gpcd.)



Government Office Use:



It is estimated that there is a total employment of 40,000 and that

25% (or 10,000) of those jobs are part of the local (Territorial)

government sector. Assuming that each employee flushes a conventional

toilet twice a day, the water used for flushing totals 100,000 gallons

and costs the government $1500/day.



In one year, assuming each employee works 200 days, water for sanitary

flushing costs the government $300,000. If half of the water was

saved by installing low-flush toilets in all government offices, 500

toilets could be paid for in the first year of operation.



Public Housing Use:



The V.I. Housing Authority owns about 15% of the housing stock in the

Territory and shelters approximately 18% (or 18,000) of the population.

Assuming that water use is 35 gallons per person per day and that 25%

of that total is used for sanitary flushing, approximately 57.5 million

gallons is required annually for flushing toilets (or, 157,500 gallons

per day). The true cost of that water is $862,500. If low-flush toi-

lets were installed throughout the public housing units, 1437 toilets

could be paid for with the first year's savings on water purchases.



Residential Use:



Most households in the Virgin Islands depend almost exclusively on

roof catchment and cistern storage of rainfall for water supply. It

has been estimated that the true cost of cistern water (i.e. capital

investment in cistern, amortization, operation of pumps, maintenance,

etc.) is $20 per thousand gallons. It is assumed that water use in

households on cisterns averages 50 gallons per capita per day. A

family of four would therefore use about 73,000 gallons per year.

Assuming each resident flushes a conventional toilet twice a day,

14,600 gallons (or, 20%) of the cistern supply is used for sanitary

flushing purposes at a cost of approximately $290/year. If a $400

low-flush toilet was installed, it would take slightly less than

three years to amortize the investment.



Since most households in the Territory are not serviced by central

sewer service, and since most of the soils throughout the Territory

are poorly drained, an additional benefit derived from decreasing the

amount of water used for sanitary flushing is that ground waters would

be less effected by contamination from poorly operating household

septic systems.



And finally, decreasing all sources of wastewater by decreasing the

amount of water used for sanitary flushing will help protect the

marine environments surrounding these islands--a resource that is

immeasurably important to the well-being of the inhabitants of the

Virgin Islands.



RECOMMENDATIONS



1) The Government of the Virgin Islands should pass legislation

prohibiting the importation and sale of toilets which use

more than 3.6 gallons of water per flush after January 1, 1980.



2) The Government of the Virgin Islands should immediately embark

on an investment program to replace existing conventional toilet

fixtures in public housing, public schools, and government

offices with low-flush toilets.



3) The Government of the Virgin Islands should develop and implement

a public relations campaign which would stress the cost effective-

ness of conserving water for private individuals and commercial

enterprises in the Territory, and should encourage the use of

water saving devices such as low-flush toilets.



4) The Government of the Virgin Islands should study the cost effec-

tiveness of offering tax incentives to private individuals and

commercial enterprises for retrofitting existing plumbing fix-

tures with water saving equipment, especially low-flush toilets.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS



The daily efforts of Margaret Blyden at

Red Hook are sincerely appreciated.



The advice of Leonard Brown was invaluable.



The assistance and concern of Frank Kay

is gratefully acknowledged.



10

Literature



Buros, 0.K. 1976. A Water management plan for St. Croix, USVI.

Black, Crow, and Eidsness, Inc., Gainsville, Florida.



Lackey, A.M. Economic inventory of the supply and use of water

for rural domestic purposes. USDA, Natural Resource

Economics Division, Washington, D.C.



Massachusetts EOEA. 1978. Massachusetts water supply policy

statement. Executive Office of Environmental Affairs,

Boston, Massachusetts.



Milne, M. 1976. Residential water conservation. California

Water Resources Center, University of California,

Davis, California.



V.I. Housing Authority. 1978. Report on the current water

crisis. V.I. Housing Authority, St. Thomas, United

States Virgin Islands.



V.I. Planning Office. 1977. Land Use and housing elements.



Virgin Islands Planning Office, St. Thomas, United

States Virgin Islands.



1]

Table 1



Water Center Water Meter Records



PROJECT NO.



A-004-VI



The Water Economy of a Low-flush Toilet



Quarterly Totals



Date



Meter



Gallons



No. Flushes



Gal/Day



For Analysis



2/24/77



250.



/25



270.



19



39



19



/26



329.



59



118



59



359.



29



59



29



[27



/28



419.



59



119



59



3/1



443.



24



48



24



/2



471.



28



57



28



[3



526.



54



109



54



/4



560.



33



67



33



Ae



601.



40



81]



40



631.



30



61



30



/6



82



4]



/7



673.



4]



/8



708.



35



7]



35



/9



734.



26



52



26



/10



790.



55



110



55



/\7



1052



262



535



37



/22



1283



230



461



52



/24



1390



106



213



53



Incomplete



2123



733



1466



36



4/13



23



5/9



2/25



602



1204



5/16



2965



239



478



34



6/1



3461



496



992



31



6/13



3746



285



570



23



First



2355 gallons



ii\2



4707



961



1922



32



8/15



5600



893



1786



27



8/25



5904



304



608



30



6742



838



1676



26



=



Second



9/26



rf



2996 gallons



10/17



7258



516



1032



16



HH



12/15



9944



2686



5372



45



Third



3202 gallons



1/13/78 10856



912



1824



3]



3/1



12620



1764



3528



a



4/13



13961



1341



2682



3]



Fourth



4017 gallons



2089



4178



29



8



6/22/78 16050



Incomplete



15,789



-4 gal



32



7*qal/day



*Average



12

Table 2



Comparison of Water Use Records for the Red Hook Facility

(By calendar quarters)



PROJECT NO. A-004-VI The Water Economy of a Low-flush Toilet



Reporting Department of Water Center

Quarter Public Works Records



First 1976 15,000 gallons



Second 1976 15,000



Third 1976 18,000



Fourth 1976 7,500



First 1977 10,000 1,140"gallons_

Second 1977 3,000 2,355 |

Third 1977 3,000 2,996 z

Fourth 1977 4,000 3,202 u

First 1978 4,000 4,017 |

Second 1978 7,000 2,089" :

Third 1978 2,000



Fourth 1978 2,000



First 1979 2,000



Second 1979 2,000



*Incomplete record



WRRC/ap/79



13

Table 3



Installation Costs of Low-flush Toilets at Red Hook, St. Thomas



PROJECT NO. A-004-VI The Water Economy of a Low-flush Toilet



5 Microphor toilets (LF-310) @ $385 $ 1925

1 Compressor (30 Gal) 485

1 Water meter 70



Plumbing Materials 100



Sub-total (equipment & materials) 2580



Installation 1000



Total cost for installation $ 3580



14

IN REPLY ADDRESS



COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS



wh



REFER



GOVERNMENT OF



THE VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES



CHARLOTTE AMALIE, ST. THOMAS, V.I. 00601



0



DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS



Table 4



water Distributed From The Governinent Standpipe To Red Hook



From January 1970 To December 19/6.



1376



January



Sy 750



Gals



23



Tons



i



tt



Feoruary



35



500



14



March



Dy



750



It



23



"



april



000



"



20



"



29



"



"



may



7



090



20



il



W



June



Dy



000



20



July



6 ,000



i"



24



W



W



20



"t



August



5, 000



"



"



September



7, 000



28



October



4, 000



"



16



tt



November



500



UL



2



i



Wt



"



December



3, 000



Le



—,.



55, 500



Gals



222



Tons



15

IN REPLY ADDRESS



COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS



wh



REFER



GOVERNMENT OF



THE VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES



CHARLOTTE AMALIE, ST. THOMAS, V.I. 00801



0



DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS



Table 5



Water Distributed From The Government Standpipe To Red Hook



From January 1977 To December 1977.



1977



Gels



18



Tons



January



ty



500



ity



Feoruary



33



000



i2



"



March



"



"



ey



500



10



wt



"



april



1,



000



May



1,



000



"



Ui



June



i,



000



il



"



000



"



"



July



1,



"



Ww



August



i,



000



September



1,



000



"



"



October



1,



000



"



n



November



000



in)



"



1,



"



December



a,



000



20,



000



Gals



80



Tons



16

. IN REPLY ADDRESS

Vi I COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS

REFER



GOVERNMENT OF



THE VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES



CHARLOTTE AMALIE, ST. THOMAS, V.I. 00801

]



DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS



Table 6



water DListributed From The Government Standpipe To Red hook



From January 197 To September 1978



. 1976

January 1, 000 Gals 4 Tons

February 2, 000 e 8 ‘

march 1, 000 " y "

april 2, 000 a & "

May 3, 000—O" mo"

June 2, 000 E + BM

July None " None

August 1, 000 it 4 "

September 1, 000 " vi "

13, 000 Gals 52 Tons



17

IN REPLY ADDRESS



Vi



COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WORKS



REFER



GOVERNMENT OF



THE VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES



CHARLOTTE AMALIE, ST. THOMAS, V.1. 00801



0



DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS



Table 7



water Listributed From The Government standpipe to



Kea nook Frow Uctober 1976 ‘to way 1979.



ap (i



LOa7E



Uc



oper



1,000



Gals



T



Tons



"



&



u



sOVeuIDEeP



1,909



VEC



4 o@eT



1one



wone



1/9



a



Jaryii ary



1,900



L



February



1,900



"



4



"



yvone



arch



None



"



uw



april



vone



wone



way



000



als



24



Tons



18

APPENDIX A



LL IFS



Stainless

Steel

Toilet



With



Push



Button

Convenience



Our LF-310 is constructed of rugged stainless steel. All

parts are corrosion resistant. It’s easy to install and simple

to operate.



The system requires 50-70 PSI of compressed air and a

small amount of water from gravity flow or 1-60 PSI. The

push button activates a flow of water into the bowl and

opens a valve in the toilet. The valve automatically closes



and a charge of air ejects waste material into the

discharge line. All Low-Flush toilets can be used with any



type of sewage treatment system.



Microphor systems provide reliable waste handling,

treatment and environmental protection.



Flush Cycle: 12-18 seconds



Water Usage: 2 quarts per flush



Warranty: One year — all parts



Air Use: 1 cubic foot free air at 60 psi

Discharge Line: 1% inch pipe size



é

MICrOONor P.O. Box 490 () Willits, California 95490 (1 (707) 459-5563



19