SITE
SELECTION
FOR A COMMUNITY AND CULTURAL CENTER
ST.
JOHN,
U.S.
VIRGIN
ISLANDS
by
MARGUERITE
L.
EDISON
B.S.L.A.,
Iowa
State University,
1972
A MASTER'S THESIS
submitted
in
partial
fulfillment of
the
requirements
for
the degree
MASTER
OF
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Department
of Landscape Architecture
KANSAS STATE
UNIVERSITY
Manhattan,
Kansas
1979
Approved
by
Major
Profe-
CONTENTS
Page
LIST OF FIGURES
Iv
LIST OF
PLATES
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
v1
Chapter
1
INTRODUCTION
1
2.
THE
INVENTORY
6
Part One
-
Social
and Cultural
Resources
8
The Historic
Development of
St.
John
Land
Use
and
Planning
in
the
Virgin
Islands
and
St.
John ..."
15
Community
Needs
22
-tlonal
Park Service
- Management Policies
30
Summary
-
Social
and
Cultural
Resources
34
Part Two
-
Natural
Resources
43
Geology and Hydrographies
Soils
64
Vegetation
69
Slopes
79
Visual
Resources
83
Site Analysis
86
3.
DEVELOPMENT
OF
SITE ALTERNATIVES
88
-.
recomk:
nous
RE r
I
101
11
Ill
Page
APPENDIXES
A.
Proposal
by Ad
Hoc
Citizens
Planning Committee
of
St.
John
to
the
National
Park Service
103
B.
Task
Directive
- Development of Community and Cultural
Facilities
for
St.
John,
U.S.
Virgin
Islands
112
C.
Selected
Portions
of
the
National
Park
Service
-
Manaaement Policies
117
-
D.
Legislation
and Agreements
136
E.
Newspaper Article
-
Sen.
Hodge
159
LIST OF
FIGURES
Figure
Page
1.
The Caribbean
- Location
10
2.
The Virgin
Islands
-
Location
11
3.
Summary Matrix
-
Community Needs
35
4.
Time of Facility Use
-
Daily
36
5
t*1m
of Facility Use
-
Seasonal
37
6.
Geological
Cross
Section
of
St.
John
7.
Bathymetric
Chart of
the
Puerto
Rico Area
46
8.
Hydrologlc Cycle
on
St.
John
53
9.
Ground-Water
1n
Fractured Volcanic
Rock
55
10.
Geohydrologlc
Rock
Units
and Ground-Water
^overrent
11.
Hydrograph
of Well
USGS-16
and
Rainfall
at Bethany Church
59
12.
Alluvial
and
Beach-Sand
that
Contain
Ground-Water
61
13.
Section
of Typical
Valley and
Beach Area
Soil
Summary Chart
65
15.
Characteristic
voist
Forest Vegetation
72
16.
Characteristic
Dry Forest Vegetation
73
17.
Characteristic
Dry Forest with
Cactus
18.
Characteristic
Wind
Flattened
Scrub
76
19.
Characteristic
Beach Vegetation
78
20.
Site Summary Chart
96
21.
^eccrTT^ended
51 tl Alternatives
99
1v
LIST OF
PLATES
Plate
Page
I.
Zoning and
Land
Use
on
St.
John
21
II.
Geology
48
III.
Hydrographies
52
IV.
Soils
67
V.
Vegetation
70
VI.
Relief
80
VII.
Slope
81
VIII.
Site Analysis
87
IX.
Location
of Site Alternatives
91
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
A debt of gratitude
is
owed
to many
for
the
financial
suppor*
.
information
and
data,
technical
assistance
and moral
support
provides
during
the
past
three years
of graduate
studies
and
thesis
preparation.
Sincere gratitude
is
extended
to
the
National
Park
Service.
Without
their
financial
support
this
stucy would
not
have
been possible.
In addition
to
the
financial
support which enabled
the author
to conduct
field work
1n
St.
John,
park
personnel
went out of
their way
to
supply
needed
information
and
invaluable
insights
pertinent
to
the
study.
This
aid was
also
provided
by
interested
citizens
and government
personnel
of
St.
John.
Their
help
and
friendships
will
be
remembered
and appreciated
The most
Important
thanks,
however,
are extended
to
the
faculty
cf
the Department of Landscape Architecture who
have patiently guided
past
three years
of
study
towards
a
rewarding
learning
and
profes-
sional
experience,
'heir encouragement,
patience
and
support
have
been
invaluable.
v1
INTRODUCTION
Chapter
1
INTRODUCTION
In
the
spring
of
1979,
a group
of citizens
from
St.
John,
U.S.
Virgin
Islands
presented
a
proposal
to
the
National
Park
Service outlin-
ing major components
of
an
island community and
cultural
center
(see
Appendix
A).
The desired
site
for
the proposed
facility was
located
within
the authorized
boundary
of
the Virgin
Islands
National
Park,
on
land currently owned
by
the
National
Park
Service.
After
reviewing
the
proposal,
1t was
suggested
by
the National
Park
Service
that prior
to
any decisions
on
the
part
of
the community
or
the
Dark,
a
study of
tne
proposed
project
be conducted
and
a
number of
site alternatives
be
recommended.
As
a
result,
a
task directive
(see Appendix
B)
outlining
the method
and
scope
of
the
study was written
and
a
task
force
to
con-
duct
the study was
formed.
Since
the proposed
facility would
have
an
impact on
the citizens
of
St.
John,
Virgin
Islands
National
Park,
and
the overall
planning
of
public
facilities
on
St.
John,
the
task
*orce was
composed
of
Individ-
uals
representing
these major
interest groups.
It was
the
responsib"
-
1ty
of each
task force member
to provide
Input and guidance,
as
well
as,
thi
views
and
opinions
of
their respective groups.
It
1s
interesting
to
note
that
two
basic
attitudes,
pro-park
and
anti-park,
were observed during
the
survey phase
of
this
study concucted
In
tlM
Virgin
Islancs.
The general
public
attitude
1s
not supportive of
thi
Virgin
Islands
National
Park.
Much
of
this
*eeling
ste
:m
the
2
3
manner
in which
the
land was
obtained
and donated
to
the Government
for
use
as
a
park.
The people
feel
that
the
park was
created with
little
public awareness.
Local
residents
of
St.
John
feel
that
the park
severely
inhibits
their
overall
development
potential
(see Appendix
E).
Conversely,
the pro-park contingency
feels
that
the existence
of
the park preserves
a
small
segment of
the
natural
resources
and
scenic
quality
for
the enjoyment
of
both
visitors
and
residents
alike.
While
these attitudes
did
not affect
the analytical
portion
of
the
survey
and
analysis
of
site alternatives
and
recommendations,
they
will
have
impacts
on
the
final
decisions made
in
site
selection.
In preparing
the directive,
the
task
force
realized
the
impor-
tance
of planning
beyond
the development of
site alternatives
(encc
-
passed
in
the
study)
and developed
an overall
planning
and analysis
framework.
It
has
been
simplified
as
follows:
1.
Problem
Identification:
Based
on
input
from eacn
interest
group,
collective
needs would
be established
and
project
goals
established.
2.
Program Development:
Based
on
the expressed
needs
a
program describing
the
facilities would
be developed.
3.
Resource Analysis:
In order
to
locate
potential
sites,
an
islandwide
resource
inventory would
be prepare
4.
Development
of
Site Alternatives:
Based
on
the criteria
set
forth
in
the program and
the
information obtained
in
the resource analysis
site alternatives
will
be generated.
5.
Site
Selection:
Based
on
the alternatives,
site
specific
analysis
and
Impact statements would
be prepared.
More
detailed
Impact
statements
regarding
the use
as
related
to
4
the
site would
be prepared.
On completion
of
this
phase
a
site
can
be
selected.
6.
Design
Implementation
and
Funding:
Based
on
the
final iza-
tlon
of
the design
program,
selection
of
a
site,
and
securing
of building
funds, work
on
the physical
design
and method
of construction
can
be determined.
7.
Building
Phase:
This
segment
of
the project
is
determined
by
the
preceding
phase,
and would
include
all
aspects
of
ldlng
the
physical
structure
or
structures.
8.
Operation
and Maintenance:
Although
this
is
the ultimate
goal
of any building
project,
it
is
important
that
consideration
for
the operation
and maintenance
should
take place early
in
the
project, more specifically
during
the
final
development
of
the
program.
While
the
scope
of
the
study
takes
the project
through
the
fourth phase of
this
framework,
development
of
site alternatives,
it
is
important
that
the process
of selecting
site alternatives
is
responsive
to
the
needs
expressed
in
the program and
the
natural
environment
of
St.
John.
In
order
to accomplish
this,
the
general
framework was
expanded
and detailed
in
the
following
phases:
inventory
and
analysis
and devel-
opment of
site alternatives.
Inventory
is
tne gathering
and
analysis
cf
facts
in order
to derive
a
program of development and
site analysis.
Site alternatives
include
areas which will
need
further consideration
and evaluation
but
have
presented
Interesting
potentials
for
develoo-
tf!
*
5
To further clarify
the results
of
this
study,
it
is
important
to
stress
that
the
research
and development
of site alternatives
was
pro-
duced
for and
in conjunction with
the
National
Park
Service.
In order
to finalize
the
thesis
document,
the addition
of
a
site alternative
(the
National
Park
Service Trade Alternative)
was
included
and
recommenda-
tions
regarding
site
selection were made.
Note
that
this
portion
of
the
study goes
beyond
the
scope
of
the
study
prepared
for
the
National
Park
Service and
in
no way
represents
their
views
or policies.
THE
INVENTORY
Chapter
2
THE
INVENTORY
The purpose
of
the
inventory
is
to
obtain
and document
basic
data which
will
support
the generation of
site alternatives
and
future
recommendations.
This
information
falls
into
two major categories:
social
and cultural
resources
and
natural
resources.
Social
and
cultural
resources
guide
the development
of
the
preliminary
program which
sets
*orth
the requirements
of
the proposed
facility.
In
order
to establish
the parameters
of
the preliminary
program,
information
from
the
three major
interest groups
was
compiled
and evaluated.
This
information
is
discussed
in
Part One under
the
headings
of The Historic
Development
of
St.
John,
Land
Use
and
Planning
in
the Virgin
Islands
and
St.
John,
Community
Needs,
and
National
Park
Service
-
Land Management Policies.
The second
segment,
Part Two
of
the
inventory,
represents
I
documentation
and
the analysis
of
the
natural
resources
of
St.
John.
Natural
resource areas
fall
under
the
headings:
Geology
and
Hydrology,
Soils,
Vegetation,
Slope,
and
Visual
Resources.
Tht analysis
or
summary
of
this
data.
Indicates
areas which
possess
the
fewest
resource limv
tlons
for development.
THE
INVENTORY
PART
ON E
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL
RESOURCES
The Historic
Development
of
St.
John
Location
In order
to establish
the
regional
context of
the Virgin
Islanas,
they must first
be
looked
at
as
part of
the Caribbean;
a
general
term
applied
to
the Antilles
Island
chain
and
the Caribbean
Sea.
'his
island
chain curves
its
way
from
the Yucatan
Peninsula
of Mexico
to
t
northern coast
of Venezuela,
South America
and contains
two major divi-
sions:
the Greater Antilles
and
the
Lesser Antilles
(see
Figure
1).
The
Greater Antilles,
to
the west
and closest
to
the Yucatan,
include
the
larger
islands
of Cuba,
Jamaica,
Puerto
Rico,
and
Hispanola.
To
the
east
of Puerto
Rico
the
Lesser Antilles
begin with
the Virgin
Islands
and
include
thousands
of
small
islands
and
cays which curve
southward
to
the coast
of Venezuela.
The Antilles
form
the dividing
line between
tre
Atlantic
Ocean
to
the
north,
and
the Caribbean
Sea
to
the
south.
The Virgin
Islands
rest
on
a
great underwater
snelf which
extends
100 miles
eastward
from Puerto
Rico
(St.
Croix
is
not
included).
The
islands He
in
a
double chain
separated
by
the
Sir Frances
Drake
Channel
with
the
53 United
States
islands
and
cays
to
the
south
and
west,
and
the
36
British
islands
to
the
north
and
eas:
e major
U.S.
islands
include
St.
Croix
(84
sq.
mi.),
St.
Thomas
(28
sq.
mi.),
and
S1
John
(19
sq.
ml
.
)
(see
Figure
2).
Cultural
and Historical
Development
—
.
»
The
first
settlers
of
the West
Indies were
Indians who migrated
north
by
sea
from South America.
They
pushed
north,
hunting
and
fishing,
until
reaching
St.
Thomas
sometlire during
the
5th Century
B.C.
Lit*
10
<
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
VIRGIN
SLANDS
THE
CARIBBEAN
<^>
NORTH-
no
seal*
Figur*
1
ATL ANT
I C
n
OCEAN
ANAGAOA
*5*
CARIBBEAN
ST THOMAS^S"^
»^wr-^s}
\ 0>
ST JOHN
\
/
k-
&'
f
v
\
\
SEA
THE
VIRGIN
ISLANDS
^
NORTH
no
|
Figure
2
12
1s
known about
these
tribes
or
their
successors
the Arawaks.
The
Arawaks
invaded
the Lesser Antilles
from Venezuela
about
the
time of
Christ,
Introducing agriculture
and
pottery.
As
they migrated
to
the
north
and
*est
they occupied most
of
the
islands,
primarily
the
larger
ones,
by
the
end
of
the
first m1llen1um
(22).
During
the period
1000-1500 A.O.,
a
tnird group of
Indians
called
the Carib
(from which
the
term Caribbean
came)
migrated
northward.
Unlike
the peaceful,
Arawak,
the Carib
tribe,
was
aggressive
and
canni-
balistic.
Their drive northward
stopped
short
of Puerto
Rico.
Arti-
facts which
have
been
found
(mainly
pottery)
were most
likely made
by
captive Arawak women
and
indicate Carib occupation approximately
100
years
before
the
arrival
of Columbus
(19,22).
On
his
second
voyage
to
the
new world
in
1493 Columbus discov-
ered
the
Islands
naming
them
the Virgin
Islands
"Las
Once
Mil
Virgenes"
after
the
legend
of
St.
Ursula
and
the
11
thousand
Virgins
of Cologne.
Cn arrival
at
St.
Croix
he
sent
a
landing
party asnore
for water and
food
only
to
be driven
back
by
a
group
of
hostile Carlbs
(19,22).
It
is
not
known
for certain
1f Columbus
actually
landed
on
St.
John,
however,
he
did
name
the
island
in
honor
of
St.
John Chrysostom
whose
'east
day
had
just passed
(16,22).
After
this
first
European discovery
of
the Lesser Antilles
they
were
cassed
over
in
the
first colonization efforts
in
the Caribbean
and
rt»a1ned
uninvolved during
that period
of history.
As
Columbus
con-
tinued
his
voyage
he
reached
the
Island
of Hlspanola
(one
of
I
eater
•lies,
now
known
as
the
Dominican
Republic)
where
he
founded
the
•
European
settlenent
(22).
13
New settlements
quickly spreaa
tc
all
the Greater Antilles.
During
the
16th century
need
for
a
honebase
to support
shipping
and
trading expeditions
for
tropical
products
or Peruvian
silver was
stimulated.
By
the mid
16th
century
the
trading
and
shipping activity
attracted
the attention
of
pirates,
smugglers,
and
privateers
forcing
Spain
to
ship
in convoys
and
build
large
and
powerful
fortifications
at
strategic
points.
This
action discouraged other
Europeans
from coloniz-
ing.
Consequently establishment of non-Hispanic
colonies
did
not occur
until
the
1 630
' s when
Dutch,
French,
English
and
later
the
Danes
colonized
the eastern Caribbean
Islands
not occupied
by
Spain
(17,22).
The
first successful
colony was
established
by
the
Danish Wes:
Indies Company
in
1672
on
St.
Thomas.
About
the
same
time
the British
were settling
nearby Tortola
and
tried
to exclude other countries
from
settling
on
other
islands.
In
1719
the
Danes
slipped
settlers
onto
St.
John's
south
and
east
sides,
away
from British observation.
Within
10
years
St.
John was
completely occupied
by planters
(17,22).
As
the
Danes
increased
their possessions,
with
the addition of
St.
Croix
from
the
French,
they
invited colonization
by
settlers
having
other
than
Danish
background.
As
a
result,
St.
Croix
became
predomi-
nantly
English
ana
St.
John Dutch
(17,22).
European
nations
placed
a
high
value
on possessions
in
the
*es:
Indies.
This
competition caused
a
period
of conflict.
During
this
period,
Britain
utilized
Its
naval
power
and obtained
control
of most of
the
islands.
Since Denmark
had aligned
itself against Britain during
the Napoleonic
era,
the British occupied
the Danish
Islands
twice
1n
the early
1300*s
(17).
14
Establishment
of Plantations
was extremely difficult
due
to
the
heat,
disease and
lack
of
.^en
and
tools.
" n cse wno survived
the voyage
from Europe often died
later either
from disease contracted while
on
board
ship
or
from unfamiliar
tropical
disease.
Most of
the
European
laborers were
sent
to
the Virgin
Islands
as
a
result of
their
Indebted-
ness
or crimes
and
had
no desire
to clear
the jungle
or raise
tobacco
(17).
In
the mid
18th century most
Island
planters
turned
to sugarcane
as
thtlr main
crop
and
used
slaves
imported
from West Africa
for
their
labor
force.
The
islands
became
known
for sugar
and
rum
(an easily made
by-product
of
sugar processing).
They
also
became
a major center
for
slave
trade,
exporting primarily
to
the
U.S.
and
some
to
Europe
(17,22).
On March
31,
1917,
the
present Virgin
Islands
including
St.
Thomas,
St.
Croix,
St.
John
and
other numerous
islands
and
Cays
were
purchased
from Denmark
by
the
U.S.
The
U.S.
purchased
the Virgin
Islands
for
its
strategic military
location
and established
the
U.S.
Naval
base
on
St.
Thomas.
Most activity
in
the
U.S.
Virgin
Islands was
located
on
St.
Thomas with
some development
on
St.
Croix
(17).
In
1930
a
National
Park
Service
report
sited
the pristine beauty
of
St.
John.
In
1956,
Congress
established
the Virgin
Islands
National
Park
and authorized acceptance
of 5,000+ acres
of
land
donated
by
Jackson
Hole Preserve,
Inc.
and
Caneel
3ay
Plantation,
both owned
by
Lawrence Rockefeller
(see Appendix
D).
More
recently many
of
the
islands
in
the Caribbean
have
been
promoting
independence.
Many
have achieved
their
goal.
Other
Islands
have maintained
ties with
tnelr mother countries while functioning
under
a
self governing
territory
or commonwealth.
These
islands
include
tne
15
U.S.
Virgin
Islands
as
well
as
French,
Dutch,
and most of
the
British
Islands
(22).
Land
Use
and
Planning
in
the Virgin
Islands
and
St.
Jcnn
The current
trend
of development
in
the
U.S.
Virgin
Islands
has
been
that
of
rapid
growth.
This
growth
has
taken
place primarily
between
1960 and
1975.
It
has
been estimated
that during
this
fifteen
year period
the population
has
increased
180"
or more.
1960
1975
1980
St.
Thomas
16,201
44,723
50,955
St.
Croix
14,973
45,611
53,
St.
John
925
2,273
J ,556
32,099
92,607
107,273
Recently
this
rapid growth
trend appears
to
be stabilizing
and moderate
growth
is
expected
through
the year
2000.
This
rapid
growth
primarily
residential,
has
caused
a
general
lack
of adequate
schools,
public
facilities,
public
services,
and
utilities
(10).
Immigration
has
played
an
important
role
in
population
increases
With
increased
tourism
there
have been marked
increases
in
commercial
and
governmental
jobs.
This
situation
has attracted
job seekers
from
"down
Island"
(Tobago, Martinique,
Barbados,
etc.).
Wnlle
immigration
;tist1cs
are sketchy,
1t
is
estimated
by educational
statisticians
and
Island administrators
(9,14,21)
that
at
least
30t
of
the children
enrolling
1n public
schools
dre
Immigrants.
However,
it
*as
also
stated
that
a more
realistic
figure would
be between 60-70%.
-actor alone
accounts
for much
of
the overload on public
facilities
and
progr
In
16
addition
to
Immigrants
from down
island,
continentals
and
foreign
Immigrants also make
up
a
large segment cf newcomers.
This
particular
segment
tends
to
be made
up
of older,
retired
people without children of
school
age
(14,23).
In order
to better
plan
for
future growth,
the Virgin
Island
Government
has
begun
to
prepare
three
separate, yet
integrated,
compre-
hensive plans;
one
for each
island.
These
plans
are
scheduled
for
completion
in
three years
(mid
to
late
1982)
(18).
In June,
1977,
Land
'Jse
and
Housing
Elements
(10)
was
published
providing
the groundwork
for
preparation
of
the comprehensive
plans.
This document outlines
the
basic development concepts
which
are
utilized
at
the present
in making
planning decisions.
It
has
been
noted
that
the Virgin
Island
Governme
advocates
"land capacities"
(the capability
of
land
to accommodate
development).
In
the
past,
there
has
been
intensive development
on
agriculturally
zoned
lands.
Areas
possessing delicate
resources
have
zeen
rapidly developed
in
a disorganized
and
sporadic manner creating
conflicts
between development and
natural
features,
development activi-
ties
have caused
irreversible damage
to delicate marine areas
by creat-
ing
runoff
and
siltatlon
(10,19).
Since
land which
is capable of
supporting development
is
scarce, cluster development
is
encouraged
(10).
I
to
the unique
planning
situation,
dealing with
three
islands
and
one government,
planning districts
have been established.
These
planning districts
are sub-planning
areas within
each
island.
They
encompass,
as
closely
3s
possible,
geographic
areas with related
growth
and development characteristics
and
form
a
smaller aggregate
for evalua-
tion
and
planning.
17
St.
John
St.
John
has
four sub-planning aistricts.
Eacn
of
these areas,
while
being
an
important
part
of
the
island
system,
have
certain
unique
aspects
(10).
1
.
Cruz
Say
Planning
District
Cruz
Bay
is
the
port
of entry
on
St.
John
and
largest
of
the
I
main population
centers.
The district contains
1,871
acres
and
a
population
of
1,800
to
2,000
(10).
Existing
facilities
include
(13):
1
-
park
(Cruz
Bay
Park)
-
St.
John government house
1
-
beach
2
-
playground
(school
-
NPS)
2
-
baseball
diamonds
U.S.
Customs
House
2
-
tennis
courts
(lit)
-
grade
school
-
other Virgin
Island
Govern-
mental
offices
(scattered)
-
solid waste
disposal
area
and public works
-
jr.
high
school
-
police
station
-
fire
station
-
post office
-
health clinic
Utilities
Include electricity
from
St.
Thomas
by cable
and
an auxiliary
backup generator
on
St.
John.
The
public water
and
sewa
.posal
systems
are
limited.
Solid waste
on
St.
John
is
currently
being dis-
posed
of
by
an
Incineration
and
landfill
operaf
"nea
Gut.
Since
facilities
on
St.
John are
limited
-nost
buslr-
»d
on
St.
Thomas
(10,14,13).
18
Building
per-.-its
Issued
from
1970
to present
indicate
tne gr
trend
1s
continuing with much residential
growth occurring
to
the
south
of Cruz Bay at Chocolate
Hole
and Great Cruz
Bay.
Signs
of
new develop-
t
are
also visible
as
far south
as
Cocoloba
Cay,
F1sh
Bay
and
Reef
Bay
(19).
In addition
to
single
family
residential
development
a
condo-
minium development
has
been
proposed
on
Gallows
Point
1n
Cruz
Bay
(18).
2.
Coral
Bay
Planning
District
Coral
Bay,
the
second
largest
area
of concentrated
population,
contains
1,223 acres
and
has
a
population
of between 250
to
300 persons
(10).
Existing
facilities
include
(14):
-
grade
school
-
police
station
- mobile
health care
unit
-
fire
station
-
recreation complex with
1
baseball
field
-
seating approximately
250
toilet
and
shower
facility
1
lit
basketball
court with
bleachers
facilities designed
for
the physically
impaired]
3.
no
public
sewage disposal
or water
East
End
Planning
District
East
End
Planning
District
1s
the
smallest district with only
547
acres
and
an estimated population
of
30.
East end
has
no
scnools,
public
facilities
wr
Jt1l1t1es
(10).
4.
I
-nlng
District
"-is
area
is
t h e
largest single district,
including 3,741
acres
and
and
49 ptn
residences.
There are
no
schools,
public water
19
or public
sewage
disposal
systems.
Electricity
is
available
throughout
(10,22).
With major growth occurring
in
Cruz
Bay,
it
is
estimated
that
the overall
population
in
Coral
Bay
is
dropping
slowly
(10).
Many
local
St.
Johnlans
remember when
Coral
Bay and Cruz
Bay were similar
in
popula-
tion
and commuting
between
the
two communities
was
by
foot
and
donkey.
Commuting
to
St.
Thomas
was
by
small
boat
(14).
However,
with
the
introduction of
the
ferries,
automobiles
and
the consequent
surfacing
of
roads,
travel
time between
the
two centers
has
been
reduced
to only
20-30 minutes.
Cruz
Bay
has
grown quickly
as
a
result of being
the
initial
contact
point of visitors.
Coral
Bay
has
experienced
a
slow
population
drain.
Coral
Bay
is
rural
in character
and
possesses
beautiful
views
of
Coral
Bay Harbor and
the surrounding mountainsides.
It
is
foreseen
that
as
Cruz
Bay
reaches
its
growth
zenith,
Coral
Bay will
begin
to
see
increases
in development
(14).
The entire central
district
is
located within
the boundaries
of
the Virgin
Islands
National
Park.
In
1975,
6,093 acres were
federally
owned,
10 acres were
owned
by
the Virgin
Island Government
(22)
and
2,638 acres were privately
held.
These
figures
have
not significantly
changed.
All
federally
owned
lands
are accessible
to
the public
and
provide
the
following
public
facilities:
-
camping
-
Cinnamon
Bay
-
hiking
trails
-
nature study programs
-
historic
programs
at
restored
sugar mill
ruins
- management
and maintenance
of
park
lands
and
roads
20
-
sewage
and
solid waste disposal
-
water
-
law enforcement
of
park
lands
ana
waters
(5,11,19,22)
Transportation
.
As mentioned
earlier,
Cruz
Bay
is
the port
of
entry
for
St.
John
ana
the
Initial
contact
point
for anyone arriving
or departing
by
public
transcortaticn.
Transportation
between
St
Thomas
and
St.
John
1s
limited
to
public
ferry
or
privately
owned
beats.
Island
residents
and
park visitors make
up
the primary users
of public
transportation.
Other visitors
to
St.
John
include day visitors
fr*om
cruise
ships
and
tours
out of
St.
Thomas.
They arrive
by
boat
at
the
National
Park
Service dock
ana
are transported
tc Trunk
Bay
by prear-
ranged
taxi.
They rttum
to St.
~as
in
the
sane
fashion
(12).
Transportation
on
the
island
is
provided
by public
taxis which
are either open
safari
type
trucks,
or
smaller
taxis
for
hire
by
groups
-).
The
safari
busses
run
on
an
hourly
schedule during daylignt
jrs
between
Cruz
Bay
and Maho
Bay
and
Cruz
3ay
and
Cora*
Bay.
They
serve
the
bulk
of public
transportation
needs
on
St.
John,
as
well
as,
•ng
island
children
-o
and
from
school.
Other means
of
travel
on
St.
John are
limited
to personally owned
vehicles.
:wth
on
St.
Thomas
has
rapidly
spread east
to
Tutu
ind
^ed
Hook.
As
rural
areas
*or development become
scarce
on
St.
Thomas,
predicted
that
St.
John will
experience
the
overflow.
Some evidence of
this
nas
already
been experienced
in
-.'•e
relocation
of
St.
to
St.
John
1n
ore?'-
*c
escape
the OOfO
jrban environment
(10).
K3-.,
•
'
— authorized park boundary
2 federal land
~J offshore sea area
] public land
jj waterfront
FTTTI private
land
1
Zoning & Land Use
Plate
I
planning
districts
M r2r3B
C
A
R
I
B
E
A
X
S
E
A
It
1s
realistic
to conclude
that
growth
on
St.
John will
con-
tinue
It
a
slower rate
than
on
St.
Croix
or-
St.
Thomas
due
to
11
geographic
and economic
Isolation.
However,
growth
is
predicted
to
slowly
Increase
placing additional
dcmanas
on
St,
n's
environmer*
community resources.
Community
needs
are
increasing
and
resulting
in
Inadequate
facilities.
It
is
the concern
of
the
Virgin
Islancs
Planning Office
that
the
location of
any
proposed
facilities
be mine
of future growth
and population distribution,
as
well
as,
of
limited
land
resources
(see
Plate
I).
Community
Needs
, <ground
or
Planning
on
St.
John
In
1975
a
group
of
St.
Johnians
joined
toe-
Overall
Planning Committee
of
St.
John.
Their planning effort was
-ected
towards
two
basic
concerns:
to encourage controlled
development
and
growth and
provide needed
community
facilities
and
services
for
-r.ians
(13).
A consultant
from
the Virgin
Islands
Department
Conservation
and
Cultural
Affairs
assisted
in
the community
planning
effort,
hfhlls
'.en
of
the
information gathered
is
now outdated,
"any
corrmur
eds
site:
I
that tlM
still
prevail.
More
recently,
another group
of citizens
fcrmec
a
committee
to
:cmmunity
needs.
"ie ~ajor objectives
of
this committee,
tre
'inning
Committee,
include:
1)
Identify and define
>r coeaunlty
p eecs;
2)
Establish
the scope
of needed public
facili-
ties,
I
:equate
sources
of
funding
tor project
tlon
(see Appendix
A'.
Based
on
information obtainec
I
the
1975
23
effort
the committee proposed
a multi-use
facility focusing
on educa-
tional,
cultural,
and
social
services.
In order
to more accurately
identify
the
type
and
location
of the
facility,
it was
determined
that
updated
information
was
needed.
The
task
force contacted
representative
groups,
organizations,
and
agencies
in
order
to acquire
the
necessary
data.
Education
on
St.
John
.
Currently
616
students
from
St.
John
are
enrolled
in
public
schools
(9).
A
total
of
550
students
attend
grades
kindergarten
(hereafter referred
to
as
"K")
through
ninth grade
in
St.
John
schools
and
66
students
attend
grades
10,
11,
and
12
in
St.
Thomas
(9)
(see Appendix
D).
They commute daily
by ferry
to
high
school
in
Red
Hook.
In addition,
6
students
attend
private
schools
on
St.
Thomas
anc
either commute daily
or
live
at
school
(9).
Currently,
four
new schools
are
being
planned
by
the Department
of Education;
two
for
St.
Croix
and
two
for
St.
Thomas.
No
new educa-
tional
facilities
for
St.
John
are currently
planned.
However,
once
the
proposed
schools
have
been completed,
a
facility
for
St.
John may
be
possible
(9).
Mr.
Komives,
a
representative
of
the Department
of
Educa-
tion
felt
that within
a
proper
timeframe
a
new
school
for
St.
John was
feasible.
This
positive attitude
1s
due
to
two major
factors:
1.
Adverse
effects
on
high
school
students
who must
commi.
each
day
to
St.
Thomas.
2.
The existing
structure
and
adjacent
uses
present
serious
problems which
hinder effective
use.
They
Include
(2,9,12.14):
a.
Excessive noise
created
by
activities outside buildings.
24
b.
The current
deteriorated condition of buildings.
c.
Location adjacent
to
two
thoroughfares.
Overcrowding with
no
room
for expansion.
le
numbers
of students
attending
high
school
lack
the
signifi-
cance
to warrant
a
separate
facility,
the Department
of
Education
has
Indicated
that
they would
support
a
single
facility
housing
grades
K
ough
12.
This approach
is
responsive
to
both
areas
of
need.
Vo
Teen
and
Aoult
Education
Programs
.
Currently
the
Department
of
Education conducts
a
small
adult education
program
on
St.
hlffl.
Programs
consist
crlmarily
of
basic
training
for
the GED exam
(certifi-
cate of
high
school
graduate competency).
Vo-Tech operates
cut of
the
high schools
and
therefore
has
no direct effect
on existing
school
facilities.
If
a
high
school
were built on
St.
John,
Vo-Tech
programs
would most
likely continue
to operate
through
St.
Thomas
high
schools
(9).
Social
Welfare
.
Social
Welfare
is
currently
involved
in sodo-
recreatlonal
programs
for
the elderly
and
handicapped.
They
include
activities
for
the visually
Impaired,
Instruction
in
nutrition,
a
hot
neals
program,
and
handicrafts
(21).
Social
Welfare programs
are
experiencing difficulty mainly
related
to availability
of facilities
(13,21).
Currently
islanders
are
transported
to
the Horace Mann
School
(Head
Start
Center)
at Calabash Boom
for
the programs
(13,21,23).
Attendance
has
been
hampered due
to difficulty
1n getting
there
(21).
Other
:r-:olems
Include
lack
of
space
and
inadequate cooking
facilities.
I
hot meals
program
is
the same
as
"Mtal3
en
^reels'*
however,
tht
food
is
transported
to Calabash Boom and
served
there
Instead
of being
25
delivered
to
individual
homes
(21,23).
Accessibility
is
the
lingering
problem compounded
by
inadequate
kitchen
facilities.
Existing
cooking
facilities
are
also
inadequate
for existing heaast^: progrMK
(Commu-
nity Action Agency)
(23).
In
addition,
Social
Welfare
is
involved
in
an active counseling
program
and
finds
It's
hampered
due
to
lack
of facilities
sucn
as
counseling
rooms
and office space
for administration
and
safe
keeping
of
confidential
files
(21).
Community Action Agency
Programs
.
In adaition
to programs
conducted
by
the Department
of
Social
Welfare,
the Community Action
Agency
provides many programs which
include:
Headstart,
Youth
Develop-
ment,
Office of Volunteer Services,
Health Outreach,
Family
Education,
Alien
Emphasis,
Information
and
Referral,
Senior Community
Services
Employment,
Retired
Senior Volunteers,
Homemakers
and
Energy
(23).
As
cited
by
the
St.
John
Director
of Community Action,
two major
program areas
are
in
need
of facilities;
the programs
for Senior
Citizens
and
Youth Development
(23).
Senior Citizen
Programs.
Presently
there
are
an estimated
200
senior citizens
on
St.
John.
A
fluctuating
20-40 people are actively
involved
in
senior citizens
programs
and
activities
held
at
the Horace
yann
School
(Heac
I
.
*
Center)
at Calabash
Boom.
The number
fluctuates
with relationship
to
the particular activity
(23).
The senior citizens
travel
to Calabash
2oom from
all
parts
of
the
island
(21,23).
Problems
surrounding
the Calabash Boom facility
Include poor
accessibility due
to
limited
transportation
and
remote
location,
lack of
space
for many activities,
inadequate
kitchen
facilities,
and
lack of
26
space
for growing
and cultivating garde r
:s
and
flower beds
(21,23).
•n
has
been
an expressed
interest,
b)
zrogram participants,
1n
expand-
ing gardening
activities
(12)
(see Appendix
A).
Youth
Development:
Programs
.
Youths
between
the
ages
of
4
and
19
nay enroll
1n
Youth Development
Programs.
Activities
range
from educa-
tional
and
recreational
to
field
trips.
Participation
ranges
from
between
60
to
ICO persons
and
are conducted
by youth directors
(usually
high
school
students)
(23).
Currently,
facilities
sucn
as
playgrounds
and
surfaced
areas
for
shorts
activities
are
limited
to
an asphalt area adjacent
to
the Commu-
Actlon offices
and
Fire
Station
1n
Cruz
Bay.
This
area
also
doubles
as
a
parking
lot
and
has
no
shaae,
shelters,
or
play equipment
of any
type.
The current Community Action administrative
of f ices
are
located
next
to
the
tennis
courts,
Julius
Sprauve
School
and
the
Fire
Station.
In addition
to offices,
the
semi -temporary structure
houses
the crafts
area
and
a
sewing
room
for homemaking
activities.
The director
of
the agency
1n
St.
John
felt
that adequate
facilities would eliminate many constraints,
strengthening
an already
active program
(23)
Recreational
^rocrams
.
Organizec
recreation
programs
include
those mainly
related
to
school,
church,
and community youth
programs.
_::le
League Baseball,
and
an adult baseball
team ire
fairly active
(2).
-
volleyball
group,
not connected
to any organization,
~eets
on
Sundays
at Honeymoon
Beach
near
Caneel
Bay
(2).
Existing public
facilities
include
(13)
(see Appendix
D):
2
tennis
courts
-
Cruz
Bay
27
2
basketball
courts
-
1
Cruz
Bay,
1
Coral
Bay
(near completion)
2
Softball
fields
-
1
Cruz
Bay,
1
Coral
Bay
(near completion
1
Little League
baseball
field
-
Cruz
Bay
The
new Coral
Bay
recreational
complex
nearing
completion will
include
the above mentioned
basketball
and
Softball
fields.
In
aacn'tion
a
restroom and
shower facility
is
located adjacent
to
the facilities
and
covered
bleacher seating
for approximately 200-25C
is
located
at
tne
softball
field
and
a
smaller
seating
area
at
the
lighted
basketball
facility
(21).
Cruz
Bay
Park
is
in
the process
of
being
improved with
the
redesign
and
landscaping
of
the entire area.
It provides
a
passive
"seating"
area with
shade
and
benches
for
incoming
and
outgoing
tourists
as
well
as
relaxing
St.
Johnians.
It
is
the general
consensus
of educators, youth program direc-
tors
and
the
island administrator
that
a greater variety
of facilities
is
needed.
Specific
needs
cited
include
(21):
a gymnasium
swimming
pool
(training
facility)
a
track
passive
recreational
areas,
picnic
areas
and
shelters
Many
passive
recreational
areas
now exist
on
the
National
Pa'
beaches
along
the
north
shore.
However,
other facilities mentioned
above
are
not
available
on
St.
John.
Cultural
Arts
Programs
.
The availability
of cultural
arts
programs
on
St.
John
1s
limited.
In
the past,
performing groups
such
as
choral,
Instrumental,
and
theatrical
companies
have
been well
reo
.
28
However,
certain
restraints
have
limited attendance,
as
well
as deterred
performing groups
from visiting
St.
John.
Two major problems
have been
Identified
as
the
lack
of adequate performing
and
rehearsal
areas
and
inadequate availability of
short
term housing
(2)
(see Appendix
A).
In
the
past,
areas
which
have been
used
for performances
include
the junior
high
school
auditorium,
Cruz
Say
Park,
and
the Lutheran
Church.
Each
of
these areas
are
located
in
a
three
block
radius wltnin
the community of Cruz
Bay.
While accessibility
is
not
a
problem,
severe
space
limitations
for
both performers
and
audience,
and excessive out-
side noise exist.
In addition,
rain
limits
the
use
of
the
park
and
often
results
1n
the cancellation of programs
(2).
Since
the programs
have
been
dwindling,
local
residents
have
found
it necessary
to
travel
to
St.
Thomas
to enjoy
the cultural
arts.
In order
for them
to attend
programs
on
St.
Thomas,
they
rr.ust arrange
a
special
ferry
(the
scheduled
ferry
stops
running
between
the
islands
at
6 o'clock
p.m.)
to
shuttle
interested
participants
to
and
from
51
-as
in
the evening
(2)
The
arts
program
1s
supported
by
two groups,
t-e
Virgin
Islands
Council
and
a
St.
John
arts
organization.
Funding
to
bring
I
-ning
arts
to
St.
John
is
available,
however,
groups
refuse
to visit
due
to
Inadeauate
facilities
and adverse performing conditions
(2).
.sing
for performers
has
been provided
1n
the past
by
local
residents
and
rooms
in
guast
houses.
Both of
these
sources
are
limited.
ever,
if
groups
could
be
scheduled
to
pernor::,
the
local
organizers
rati
that adequate
housing could
be arranged
(2).
It
1s
the
hooe
of
the
arts
council
that
an
appropriate
area
be
29
developed
for
such activities.
They
strongly
felt
that
if facilities
were developed,
an
active arts
prograr, could
be established
(2).
Agricultural
Programs
.
By
being geographically
isolated,
St.
Johnians
have difficulty
in obtaining
fresh
fruits
and
vegetables.
Availability
of areas with
suitable
soils
for agricultural
activities
are
limited.
Consequently,
residents
are
forced
to
pay premium prices
for produce
in
poor condition
as
a
result
of shipping
from
the Tainland
(13).
It
is
felt
that
an
area
or areas
should
be designed
for agricul-
tural
use
in
the
form
of
small
plots.
If
plots were available
to
local
residents,
fruit
and vegetable production
for
both
nome
and commercial
consumption could
take
place.
In addition,
a youth
training program
could
be
initiated,
familiarizing young
people with agricultural
I
horticultural
practices
(13,22,23).
Summary
cf Community
Needs
In
order
to accurately
identify
the
specific
nature
and
location
of
the proposed
facilities,
the
"user groups"
have
teen
:,
and
their particular
needs
documented.
These
needs
have
been
listed
general
categories:
educational
needs
and community
(social) nee
While
both educational
and community
facilities
are needed,
a
higher priority
has
been
placed
on
commu?
iciHties.
~ n 's
*s
zue
to
the
fact
that educational
needs
are
now served, wnereas,
tht
'ack of
community
facilities
presents
an
Immediate
need.
In
looking
at
overall
needs,
the M
irec fad 11*
on
repetitive mention
by
user group
representatives)
Include
off*
space,
work areas
such
as
rooms
for crafts,
sewing,
counseling, itC,
30
agricultural
plots,
and
ar. amphitheater
or auditorium
for performing
arts.
In addition,
kitchen
facilities
[
itrltlontl
programs
and
meals
on wheels
have
been
identified.
•ional
Park
Se rv1o-
- ^i^e^ent
Policies
In
1916,
the Congress
of
the United
States
passed
the Organic
Act establishing
the
National
Park
System.
According
to
this
Act,
it
1s
the charge
of
the National
Park
Service
to preserve and
protect
areas
possessing outstanding
natural
and
cultural
resources
of National
impor-
tance.
National
Park
Service
Policy
General
management objectives
are
set
forth
in
a
General
Manage-
-ent
Plan
(GMP).
Virgin
Islands
National
Park presently
has
no adopted
,
however, management decisions
are guided
by
a
Statement
for
Management
(16)
specifically
prepared
for
the
park
and
the more general
National
Park
Service Management
Policy
(Appendix
C
.
"he following
presents
portions
of
these
policies which directly affect
this
project.
'".e
Planning
Process
Each
area
witnin
the
park
is
zoned.
Each
zone designation
Identifies
the
scope
of
use which will
meet management objectives
in
order
to achieve
the
purposes
of
the
park.
CeveloDment
of
park
zones,
I consistent with capabilities
o*
and
to support
intenced
uses.
Four
zone designations
are
used:
natural,
historic (
park
develop-
Iti
and
special
use
zones
(see Appendix
C).
31
Natural
zones
.
These
zones
are managed
to protect
resources
from alteration
by
human activity.
Development
is
limited.
Historic
zones
.
These areas
are managed
to protect
and
preserve
cultural
resources.
Most often,
they are
those eligible
for
listing
on
the National
Register of Historic
Places.
Development
is
limited
to
preservation
and
interpretive
uses,
however,
some adaptive
uses
are
allowed.
Development
zones
.
In order
to manage non-historic
ana
inten-
sive public
use,
limited
areas
of
the
park will
be developed.
Deve"
ment will
be
limited
to
the smallest
area
necessary
in order
to
accommodate
required development
and
intensive
uses.
Special
Use
zones
.
These
zones
include
lands
and waters
used
by
others
for purposes
not permitted
in
natural,
historical,
or development
zones.
Examples
include:
reservoirs,
non-Federal
open
space,
areas
supporting
or proposed
for mining,
ranching,
and
lumbering.
Cooperative
Regional
Planning
Cooperative planning
is
needed
to
insure
that
regional
and
pai
planning
coincides,
avoiding
potential
conflicts.
This
action
promotes
the
integration
of
future plans
into
the
regional
environmer*.
.
"he
National
Park
Service
supports
joint
planning efforts
and
promotes
public
participation
in
the
planning
process.
Park
Facilities
Only
those
facilities
needed
for management
and
appropriate
public
use
and enjoyment
shall
be provided
1n
a
park
area
(see Appendix
D).
32
- quality
of
all
develop
.1th1n
srk will
be of high aesthetic
and
functional
caliber.
Lse
of
irk
The Service's mandate
requires
that
It carefully
plan
and
regulate
the
use of
the
parks
so
that
park
resources
are perpetuated
and maintained unimpaired
for
future genera-
tions
(see Appendix
D)
The
use
of
land
by
the National
Park
System
is
resource
based,
not con-
sumptive,
therefore,
limits
and
kinds
of
uses
are
set
*crtn
by
require-
ments
of
resource management
and
protection.
Interpretive
presentations,
environmental
education
and
nontradltional
uses
fall
under
the
requlre-
-ents
of management.
-. ivltles
and
Facilities
for
Arts
and
Culture
.
The National
Park
Service does
not support
the establishment of
facilities
for
tilt
specific
use
of
the performing
arts.
However,
various
cultural fad 11-
ties
and events
do occur
in
the
national
Darks.
Cultural
programs
are
ze^^ssible
as
long
as
tney are consistent with
each
park's
purpose
and
objective.
Intercrei'
8
~ r esentation
and
E n vircnrer
•
.
Iter-
Dretlve presentations
including
living
history
farms
and
inte'
we
demonstrations which enhance
the understanding
o*
park
resources
and
enrich
the experiences
of
the visitor
are acceptable within
the
car-
The
dual
mandate
of
*
irk
Service
provides
for
the preservation
of
resources,
as
well
as,
for
the enjoyment of
the
visitor.
The
Park
Service
:'a r s
and carries
out
such activities
anc
programs
enabling
vis*
to
learn
about
t
sources
of
the
In addition,
the
33
National
Park Service encourages
and
aids
environmental
study program
through the support
of programs
as:
- The National
Environmental
Education
Development
(NEED)
Program
-
The National
Environmental
Study Area
(NESA)
Program
-
The National
Environmental
Living
Program
The
Service also
provides
technical
assistance
and
information
to others
in development of study areas
and programs.
Traditional
and
Non-Traditional
Recreational
Activities
.
The
National
Park Service encourages
uses which draw their meaning
from or
have
a
direct
relationship
to
park
resources
as
long
as
those
uses
&re
consistent with
the protection
of such
resources.
Recreational
uses
which
do
not meet
this
criteria may
be provided
for
in
certain
areas
under
careful
supervision.
Outdoor
recreational
activities
which
do not
fall
into
the category
of
traditional
uses
or
do
not depend
on
park
resources
for
their realization may
be permitted when
they
do
no::
-
interfere with
normal
park
usage
-
constitute
a
consumptive
form of
use
-
have
an
undesirable
impact
on
park
resources
- compromise
the historic
or
natural
scene
or
-
present
a danger
to
the
public welfare
and
safety,
including
safety
of
the
participants.
These are
the
basic
factors wnlch govern
uses
within
the
Dark.
The
ional
Park Service will
make
final
interpretations
and
final
decisions
on
traditional
and
non-traditional
uses
in
the
park.
34
Summary
-
Social
and
Cultural
Resources
Pr-M
:ry
Program
Development of
the preliminary program
1s
dependent
on
a
careful
summary of
the
Input
from each
Interest
group.
This
Information
is
com-
bined
to
form
the preliminary program which will
serve
as
a
guide
for
the development
of
the community
and
cultural
facility.
In doing
so,
the
role of each
group must
be
Identified
in order
to establish
the
nature
and direction
of their
input.
The
information
provided
by
the Virgin
Islands
Planning Office
and
the
National
Park
Service provides
the established
requirements
of
development.
Their
input directs
the
nature
of
the proposed
facil'"
and
provides
policy
on
land
use rather
than defining
the
type
of
facility.
While
both organizations
are concerned with public
needs
(the
Planning Office;
local,
and
the
Park Service;
general),
Identification
of actual
needs
is
drawn
from
the community.
Therefore,
the
involvement
*~ese
two groups
is
a
direct result
of expressed community
r.eed
and
their
role
is
providing guidance
for orderly development.
The Virgin
Islands
Planning Office
has
expressed
a
-najor concern
re'
to
the
need
for
thoughtful
planning
of future
facilities.
They
•nat proposed
facilities must
be responsive
to
the
social
and
pnyslcal
Structure
of
the
commun'-
The National
Park
Service operating
under
the mandate
of con-
gress
1s
charged with preserving
and maintaining
the natural
and
scenic
resources
for
the enjoyment
of
future generations.
Since
tl
*ional
Park
Service operates within
this mandate,
any development on
park
lands
t
be corslst
"lowing only
those
facilities which
35
interpretation
of the
parks
resources.
As
outlined
in
the National
Park
Service
-
"Management Policy"
(this
chapter),
these
uses may
include
resource oriented educational
programs,
living
history
farms,
and
some
forms
of recreational
use.
However,
it
is
unlikely
that
large
scale
development and
heavy
use
areas
such
as
swimming
pools,
game
fields
and
schools would
fall
into
this
framework.
While
these
factors
will
guide management decisions,
the major
factors
in establishing
the program during
the preliminary
phase
is
expressed
community
need.
In order
to develop
a more complete
under-
standing
of
these
needs
and where possible priorities
lie,
the
following
matrices
have
been developed
(see
Figure
3).
USER
GROUPS
UJ ^
o-
c^ zr
°^
9f <
2
<—
DCU
-J
>
r-
u<
Zo
r-<
LU
cc
CJ-
<r
z
Ul
J
>
A
r.
z
(A
z
-
<
*-
CL
to
Ul
r-
2
O<
u.
3
I
r
oco
=
o
-
cr
O
a.
•
z
o
o
j
!
a
*
•
:
•
;
•
*
s
j
|
o
o
>
COMMUNITY
PROGRAMS
Foundation
for
The
Arts
Dnpi
of
Social
Welfare
Community
Action Agency
wyr
,
Public
Recreation
EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAMS
Grade*
K
- 12
EK
Vo-Tech
Prober
A.lu
I
t
•
I .ii
a
'
. .11
Pi
TOTAL
'Facilities
needad
)
Figure 3
36
The
first matrix,
or summary,
represents
community
needs
as
expressed
by each community group
Interviewed.
It
Indicates
the
facilities
needed
and
the
number of
times
1t
was
indicated
as
a
need.
For example,
six
of
the
seven
groups
expressed
2
need
for offices
and
five
for work
and classroom areas.
The overlapping
needs
Indicate
the
potential
for developing
a multi-purpose
facility.
However,
1n addition
expressed
neeas
,
the
nature
of each
use,
as
well
as,
time of
use must
be studied
to determine
their compatibility.
User groups
fall
into
two
general
categories;
community
and
educational.
With
this
in mind
the following matrices were developed
as
a
study guide
to determine
the compatibility
in
time
of
use
(see
Figures
4
and
5)
z
-<
UJ
or
-
1
—
c
•
or.
9
u.
-
;
«e
>
5
h
E
a
<
i
—
-
u
-
a<
Efl
<
-
5
!
—
-
£
•
•
2
<
—
j
1
s
<
COMMUNITY
PROGRAMS
dav
J
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
day
nit »•
Tim# wh*n
lomT
uit
occurs) DAY
day
m Xt
Figure
4
37
z
to
Z
LU
F
o
K
H-
h-
<
_J
<
ai
LUx
u
ee
•
E
X
o
X
u
LU
<
LL.
a
U
LU
"3
X
—
X
>
r-o
a
i
•
n
o
1
4
LU>
<
=
3
"3
«
>•
5<XOoX
•
X
;
•
e•
<
M
=
2
z
a
<
40
t-
—
Q.
<
o
a.
5
U
<
—
'
1
"
sum
COMMUNITY
PROGRAMS
Wl
11
f
!
EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAMS
sum
win
!
i
<•
1 u
'i
i
5
!
(Time when joint use occurs/ SEASON
win
w
1 w
wv| w
w
»
i
W
W
|
Figure
5
School
uses
tend
to occur during
the day
and
on weekends
between
the months
of
September
and May, whereas,
community
uses
vary greatly
in
time
of day
and
season
of
use.
This
indicates
community
uses
are more
flexible
in
their scheduling,
in most cases,
than
educational
uses.
In developing
the
preliminary program each
facility
has
been
evaluated
as
follows:
Swimming
Pool
.
The
need
for
a
swimming
pool
has
been expressed
by
two groups.
Community
use
of
such
a
facility may occur
both day and
evening year
round.
In
terms
of educational
needs,
times
of joint
use
would occur during
the
day
between September
and
May.
Since
school
age
children generally make
up
the
bulk
of day
users,
a
serious
conflict
is
not
foreseen.
However,
adults
who wish
to
use
the
facility during
the
day while
school
is
in session, would
need
to
have
a schedule prepared
to
set aside
a
time
for
pool
use.
If
a
pool
is
plan-
b«
;e enough
to accommodate community
use,
as
well
as,
nional
jse.
38
Based
on current
school
enrollment
a
pool
ranging
in
capacity
from 200
to
600 users
1s
recommended
.
The
total
size
of
this
type of
pool
would
range
from 4,000
to
12,00 square
*eet
in
size.
Track
and
Field
.
Based
on user group
input,
the
need
for
a
track
and
field
facility was
expressed
by education.
No other groups
have pressing
needs
for
this
type of
facility
and
use conflicts
are not
expected.
Based
on standard dimensions,
a quarter mile
track encircling
a
field would
require approximately
4.7
acres
of
land.
Auditorium
and Gymnasium
.
Beth
the community
and
education
ha*e
expressed
a
severe
shortage
of gymnasium
and auditorium facilities.
In
order
to more economically satisfy
both
needs,
a multi-use
facility
should
be considered.
Based
on
use
potential,
it
is
recommended
that
an auditorium
seating
a minimum of 600
be furnished.
If
a gymnasium were constructed
to satisfy
the needs
of 600 students
the
same structure would
provide
-.ween
700 and
900 seating capacity when
converted
to
an
audit
r1
«m.
With
the addition of
an approximately 2.5C0
square
foot
stage
area,
a
gymnasium could
successfully become
a multi-use
facility.
* h e
gymnasium
locker
room facilities
could
also
serve
as
dressing
rooms
for
thi auditorium
and
as
change
rooms
for
the
swimming
pool,
'ctal
square
footage
of
such
a
facility would
range
from 9,300
to
11,300 square
feet
for
600
:
]
students
respective'
,
Offices
,
"he
need
for offices
has
been expressed
by
six
„ser
ips.
Ifhllt
this
appears
as
a
likely
area
to combine
facilities,
potential
usf
conflicts
indicate
that
a
variety
of groups
ecu'
39
easily
share
the
same facility.
However,
offices
could
be
housed
separately
in
the
same structure,
depending
on
final
location
of
the
facilities.
Total
office space
has
been estimated
between
1,200 and
1,400 square
feet.
Administrative
needs
of
the
school
would
require
approximately
600 square
*eet while community offices
would
require
approximately
600
to 800 square
feet.
Cafeteria
and
Kitchen
Facilities
.
School
hot
lunch,
hot meals,
and
nutritional
programs
all
indicated
a
need
for
kitchen
facilities.
Using
the
school
lunch
program
as
a
basis
for analysis,
it appears
that
other programs
such
as
the
hot meals
(meals
on wheels)
and
nutritional
programs
could
be coordinated with
the
school
lunch
program.
For
example,
the
hot meals
prepared
for
the
students
could also
te
prepar-
for
the
hot meals
program.
Those
involved
in
the community
action
nutrition
programs
could work with
the
school
staff
in
preparing
the
meals.
A sizable modern
kitchen would
be needed
to
provide adequate
working
facilities,
as
well
as,
storage and
other support
facilities.
The cafeteria
area would
be
a
flexible
area
used
for dining
during
thi
lunch
hour and
scheduled
for other
uses
such
as
study
hall
or
informal
group meeting
areas
at other
times
of
the
day.
Facilities
serving approximately
3C0 persons
at one
time would
be
required.
Split
lunch
hcur
1n either
two
or
three
shifts
could
be
accommodated
by
this
facility
bringing
the
total
number
served
during
a
one meal
period
to
900
1f needed.
Kitchen
and
cafeteria
facilities
com-
bined,
as
described,
would
require approximately 4,500 square
feet.
Classrooms
and Work
Areas
.
These
rooms
would
include class-
rooms,
as
well
as,
rooms
with multi-purpose
jses.
Uses
would
Include
40
crafts,
counseling,
sewing
and other
related activities.
While multi-
purpose
roons
could easily serve
both community
and educational
needs,
conflict
1n
the tlM
and
nature
of
use would
be difficult
to
resolve.
Separation
of
these
facilities
1s
recommended
1n order
to preserve
an
educational
atmosphere,
as
well
as,
provide
a
relaxed
atv.ospnere
for
recreational
users.
Based
on
an average
figure of 20 users
per room
the
community programs
would
require
5
to
10 rooms
totaling 4,250
to
11,500
square
feet,
and
the school
would
require approximately
20 rooms
ranging
from
17,000
to
23,000 square
feet depending
en
the
size
and
use
of each
room.
Agricultural
Plots
.
The
need
for agricultural
plots
as
other
needs
can
be divided
into
the
two
basic
groups
of educational
and
commu-
,
or,
those
areas
needed
for study
purposes
and
those needed
I
recreational
gardening
and
production.
Conflicts
in
time
of use may
occur during
the school
year
1f
the
facility were
a
joint endeavor,
however
heavier
use
is
expected
by
the community.
In
this
case
scheduling could
remedy any
potential
conflicts.
Details
presented
by
^ser groups
are
not
specific
enough
to design
such
an
area.
How-
ever,
it
is estimated
that
between
one
half
to
two acres
of
land would
satisfy
agr-
iral
requirements
for
such
crops
as
annual
and
perennial
flowers,
fruits
and
vegetables
and
some
fruit
trees.
If demand warrar*
additional
areas
for agricultural
activities
should
be provided.
~i"_-
"'
Zcacia'
z
-:-
:
.'
-•-•-•
r ts
Hia
following
is
a
11st of areas
representing
the approximate
spacial
requirements
for
all
facilities mentioned.
•gure
for
ng
41
has
been
included.
It
represents
the
surface
area
needed
to park
between
300
to 400
cars.
This
number
of cars
would
be primarily
generated
by
use
of
the athletic
facilities
and/or
the auditorium.
Buildina
Requirements
i
Multi-use Gymnasium
9,300-11,300
sq.
ft.
Kitchen
& Cafeteria
4,500- 4,500
sq.
ft.
Classrooms
17,000-23,000
sq.
ft.
Multi-use work
rooms
4,250-11,500
sq.
ft.
Offices
1,200-
1,400
sq.
ft.
TOTAL
36,250-51 ,7C0
sq.
ft.
Grounds
Requirements
Parking
2.00-2.50 acres
Track
and
Field
5.00-5.00 acres
Pool
0.09-0.28 acres
Agricultural
Plots
0.50-2.00 acres
TOTAL
7.59-9.78 acres
Based
on
the
preceding
figures
a
total
combined
area
of
building
and
grounds
together would
require
a
site
ranging
from nine
to
twelve acres.
While
all
uses
may
not
be
built
on
the
same site,
a diagram
Indicating
the
relationships
between
proposed
uses
has
been developed
1n
order
to gain
an understanding
of
how
they
will
relate
to
each other.
42
(\Ncr± ^=^)
Mih -Uac ^__^tte?
Functional
Relationships
Between
: s
site alternatives
are
studied,
this
model
or analysis
of
gram requirements
will
be
used
as
a
guide
to
insure proper
use
rela^
tionships.
G
THE
INVENTORY
PART
TWO
NATURAL RESOURCES
44
Geology
and Hydrographies
•
j
The origin
of
St.
John
1s
volcanic.
The volcanic
formations
are
situated
in
such
a way
that
they dip
steeply
to
the north
forming
a
monocline
(see Hgure
6).
The oldest
rocks,
the Water
Island
Formation,
are
found along
I
southern
slopes
and
are evident
in
rock outcroppings
particular
along
the
shoreline.
It
is
thought
that
these
formations were
formed
during
the
Initial
stages
of
the
Island
building
process.
They were
deooslted
on
the ocean
floor
by volcanic
activity
and
are made
up
cf
underwater
lava
flows
and
related
volcanic
debris.
These
f
ons
were affected
by erosion,
tilting
and emergence
or
lifting.
After
this
period
of change
a
second
formation
(Louisehoj
Formation
of DonneT
.
1960)
occurred.
Unlike
the
submarine deposits
of
the
Island
w'ater
Formations,
Louisehoj
rocks were
a
volcanic
rock deposited
on
the
flar-
of
a
volcano.
From
the character of
seme
of these deposits
1t
is
thought
that
the vent
is
located
nearby
in
Pillsbury
Sound.
Erosion
followed
which
leveled
the volcano,
and
the
land mass
became
submerged
formir
shallow underwater
clane
(8).
Additional
debris
accumulated,
forming
the Outter
Brass
and
the
Tutu
Formations
of Donnelly
(1960)
which
can
be
found
1n many of
the
younge r"
'
~at1ons
1n
northern
areas
of
St.
John
and
in
the British
Islands
(8).
ler another period
of
lifting,
folding
and
faulting U
cks
reached
their present elevation.
It
is
thought that during
GEOLOGIC
CROSS
SECTION
OF
ST.
JOHN
Mamey Peak
EXPLANATION
Oiont ic
rocks
Tutu
Formation
of Donnelly
(1966)
Kt
volcanic
vwackj
mm
metamorphosed
K-t-cp
Coki
Point
megabreccu
Outter
Brass
Limestone
of
Donnelly
(1966)
Siliceous
Is
Louisnnhoj
Formation
augite
andesite
volcanic
breccia
and
tuff
with
minor
conglomerates
Wdter
Island
Formation
quart/
keratophyre
flows
flow
breccia
and
tuffs
Fladiolari tes
Sp
ipillite
flows
High
angle
fault
Horizontal
movement
shown
t>v
a
o .«t
.»
Movsmtni
away
from
observer
T
towards
observer
A"ow
»how«
relet
.»
action
of
vertical movement
Geologic
contact
SOU'
-
Figure
6
EXPLANATION
-
r
:
Contour
showing
i«pth
bnow
m«an
•••
«v«i
in thouitndi
of
f««t
100 Uthom
imi
- 600
-Jwpth
Clo»«d
d«pr««tion
0»p'h
>!• *h«n 600
BATHYMETRIC
CHAf
Figure
7
47
this
period
of crustal
movement
the
Puerto
Rican
trench
to
the north
and
the Anegada
trough
to
the
south were
formed
(see
Figure
7).
Geologic
formations
have
a marked
effect
on
the
island's
soil
formation
and water resources.
There
is
a
significant correlation
between ground
water,
soils,
and
the geologic
formation
en
St.
John.
Aspects
of
this
situation
are discussed
in
greater detail
in
their
respective
sections
(see
Plate
II).
Hydrographies
St.
John
has always
experienced
a
short
supply
of
fresh watsr.
Until
the
increase
in
tourism
and
population,
enough water
to
serve
tne
island
has
been
available.
With
these
recent demands
on water
resources,
availability
has
become
a major
concern.
According
to
a
study
by
tl
Water Resources
Division
of
the
United
States
Geologic
Survey
in
19:
to
1
to
3 million
gallons
per
day are available
in ground water
reservoirs.
These
reservoirs
are
being
tapped
and
will
be
ais
later
in
this
section
(6).
In order
to better understand
the
overall
context
of
r.
-r
moves
on
St.
John
1t
1s
Important
to
study
the natural
1
:es
such
as
climate,
topo,
and
soils.
The following
1s
a
brief
summary
of
these
influences.
Cl1mate/T1des
and Ocean
Currents
.
Tldtl
changes
in
the Virgin
Islands
are minimal,
ranging
from one
to
two
feet.
s
slight d1? f er-
ence
is
due
to
two primary
factors:
1)
the enclosed nature
of
thi
region
and
2)
the close relationship of
the
Islands
to
tne equator
('
6
'
-
«»
--.
.
.
i
«
water island formation
louisenhoj formation
alluvium
] dioritic
] tutu formation
- outter brass
faults
B
E
A
-V
Geology
St John
Plate
I
C
A
R
I
S
E
A
49
The
Lesser Antilles
are
in
the
path
of the North
Equatorial
Current which moves
across
the Atlantic
Ccean
from
the northern
coast of
Africa.
The combination
of
these currents
swept
in
the
same direction
by
the prevailing Trade
winds
have more
of
an
effect on
the
islancs
tnan
do
the
tides.
This
combination
of wind
and current pusnes
the waters
of
the Atlantic
against
the Lesser Antilles
and
through
the narrow
straights
and channels.
These major east
to west
currents
are
then
broken
up
into
smaller currents
and counter currents
as
they
pass.
Once
the surface currents move
tnrough
the Caribbean
Sea,
'hey
flow
*est
to
the Yucatan
Channel,
then
back
to
the
east,
before
turning west merging
with ether currents
to
form
the
Gulf
Stream
(22).
As
the east
to west currents
flow
by
St.
John,
they
gain
slgi
cant velocities
of
two
to
four
knots
(sometimes more)
creating waves
averaging
one
to three
feet
on
the north
shore
and
two
to
four
feet
on
the more exposed
south
shore.
The beaches
on
the
north
shore
receive
little significant
surf
(22).
The climate
is
physically comfortable during nost
of
the
seasons.
Unlike weather systems
affected directly
by
tne
heat
loss
and
topographic
features
of
large continental
land masses,
the Virgin
Islands
climate
is
subject
to
slightly different
influences
including:
geographic
location,
small
size
of
land mass,
the generally elongated
form of
the
Islands,
steep
topography,
and
their
location
in
an
txptn-
• e coay of warm water.
"TKese
factors create certain
types
of
dp1tat1on, winds,
cloud
cover,
humidity
and evaporation,
whicn
collectively
produce
the dlMtl
(22).
temperature
occurs
between
the cold-
est
-onr.h
of
Febru:
anc
the warmest
.ronth
of
HERE
\
V~\J
mation
ation
i
*
49
The
Lesser Antilles
are
in
the path
of
the North
Equatorial
Current which moves
across
the Atlantic
Ocean
from
the northern
coast of
Africa.
The combination
of
these currents
swept
in
the
same direction
by
the prevailing Trade
winds
have more of
an effect on
the
islands
tnan
do
the
tides.
This
combination
of wind
and current pushes
the waters
of
the Atlantic against
the
Lesser Antilles
and
through
the narrow
straights
and channels.
These major east
to west currents
are
then
broken
up
into smaller currents
and counter currents
as
they
pass.
Once
the surface currents move
tnrough
the Caribbean
Sea,
ihey
flow
west
to
the Yucatan
Channel,
then
back
to
the
east,
before
turning west merging
with ether currents
to
form
the Gulf Stream
(22).
As
the east
to west currents
flow
by
St.
John,
they
gain
sigr.
cant velocities
of
two
to
four
knots
(sometimes more)
creating waves
averaging
one
to three
feet
on
the north
shore
and
two
to
four
feet on
the more exposed
south
shore.
The beaches
on
the
north
shore
receive
little significant
surf
(22).
The climate
is
physically comfortable during most
of
the
seasons.
Unlike weather systems
affected directly
by
tne
heat
loss
and
topographic
features
of
large continental
land masses,
tht
Virgin
Islands
climate
is
subject
to
slightly different
influences
including:
geographic
location,
small
size
of
land mass,
the generally elongated
form
of
the
islands,
steep
topography,
and
their
location
in
an
expan-
se coay of warm water.
These
factors
create certain
t^pes
of
precipitation, winds,
cloud
cover,
humidity
and evaporation, wMcn
collectively
produce
the c'imate
(22).
tuition
in
tl
' ie
co'
est month
of
Ffbrui
'>
' gh
of
76
l/2°r)
anc
the warmest month
of
50
August
(mean
high
of 81°F)
-
only
a
5°
difference.
Normal
dally
fluctuation
(mean dally
-
and minimum)
1n Cruz
Bay on
St.
John
being
70-83°F
1n February,
76-89°F
1n August,
~^ese
temperatures
are
comparable
to Miami
,
Florida whose maximum and minimum
temperature
1s
8-9°F cooler during
the winter
(22).
The most noticeable
seasonal
aspect of
the Virgin
Islands
is
i
and dry
seasons.
The average
annual
rainfall
at Cruz
Bay
(on
the
sheltered west
side)
is
-11.9
inches
a year,
with
September being
the
wettest month
(5.9
Inches)
and March
the dryest
(1.6
inches)
(22).
Average
annual
relative
humidity
of
the
islands
is
near 80*.
It
ranges
from
an afternoon
low of
60*
1n
^arch
to
90*
on
an October
night
'•responding
to
rainfall).
Two
factors
diminisn
the potentially
uncomfortable
ef f ect
of
nigh
humidity
in combination with
high
tempera-
nces;
t h e
trade winds which provide comforting air circulation especi-
ally during
the
afternoons
when
temperatures
are
highest,
and
I
ies
of
higher
humidity occur when
temperatures
are
lowest and
vice
versa
:).
Tropical
storms
do
not occur with
any
frequency
in
the Virgin
Islands.
However,
hurricanes originating
in
the Atlantic
pose
the
greatest
threat
and
have caused extensive damage
I
:ast.
Records
shov.
apout
a
dozen destructive
storms
occurred during Oanisn
occupation.
Storm frequency
is
one every
23 years with
two occurring
in
this
cen*
the
last
in
1932
(22
.
"opo
and
I-
-ace
.
St.
John possesses
a main
ridge
I
"ng
from east
to
*est
*1tll
steep
slopes extending
to
the
sea
on
the
north.
South of
the ~ain
spine
several
prominent
spur
ridges
exist.
The
51
highest point
on
the
islana
is
Bordeaux Mountain
(elevation
1,277
feet
above
sea
level)
and
it
forms
one
of
the
spurs.
Another
spur
is
formed
between
the main
ridge
and
Camelberg
Peak
(1,193 feet).
Mamey
Point
(1,147
feet),
the
third
highest
point,
is
located directly
on
the main
ridge.
East
End
is
a
long
irregular peninsula which
extends
3 miles
south
and
east of the main
ridge
(6).
Major drainage
basins
are
located
on
the
south
side
of
St.
John
and
include:
Reef
Bay
Gut with
an
a>"ea
cf
1.77
square miles,
Fish
Bay
Gut with
1.77
square miles,
Coral
Bay Gut with
1.69 square miles
and
Guinea
Gut with
0.72
square miles
(6)
(see Plate
III).
"Hydro! ogic
Cycle"
.
The hydrologic
cycle
is
clearly observable
on
St.
John
due
to
its
small
self-contained environment.
The cycle
is
repetitive with
three
storage
areas:
the
land,
the
sea,
and
the
atmo-
sphere.
The energy behind
the cycle
is
provided
by
gravity
and
the
sun,
solar
being
the major
force.
The
process
and
storage characteristics
of
the
area
directly affects
the availability
of water
(see
Figure
8).
Forms
of water which directly
relate
to
the cycle
are
rainfall,
soil
moisture,
evapotranspiration
,
stream-flow,
and
ground
wate**.
Rainfall
is
the only
natural
source
of
all
fresh water
on
St.
John.
Average
Islandwide
rainfall
on
St.
John
is
44
inches
per year
(6).
Showers
of short duration
provide
a
few
hundredths
to
a
few
tenths
of moisture.
Rainfalls
of one
to
two
inches
can
be expected
about
six
times yearly,
showers
of
three
inches
three
times
a yedr
t
ano
showers yielding over
three
Inches may occur only once
a year.
Catch-
ments
on
rooftops
provide
the
bulk
of domestic water supply
under
normal
rainfall
conditions.
Supplemental
water
1s
brought
to
St.
John
by
.1
no
cabnu
Hill
'
"' ^S*.
moderate
limitations
severe limitations
Hydrographies
Si. Joftn
coaa
ridge lines
—>—*
direction of
flow
('
A
li
I
B
Li
E
A
-V
Plate
III
S
E
A
1 1;
i
i
I
'
I
i
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
RAINFALL
Mil
Ml!.
»;!
Illl
HE
HYDROLOLOGiC
CYC
Figuf"
I
54
-om
St.
Thomas
or
Puerto
R1co during
drought periods.
All
homes
are
required
to
have catchments
and
cisterns
for water
storage.
These
sys:e~s
generally yield
50 gpd
(gallons
per day)
for every
1,000 square
*'eet
of catchment area
(17).
Evapotranspiratlon
is
an
Important
factor
Influencing water
resources
on
St.
John.
It
is
active during
all
seasons
accounting
for
loss
of 90-95 « of
the
total
annual
rainfall.
Transpiration
returns
molstjre
to
the atmosphere mostly
through
plants
at
the average
rate
of
gal.
dally
for
an
average
sized
tree
(7).
Two
to
four
inches
of
the annual
rainfall
are
left after
transpiration
and evaporation
for
the fresh-water supply
1n
the
form of
ground-water.
Less
than
one
inch enters
the
sea
as
streamflc
th
tlM
exception
being
streamflow resulting
from severe
storms
(6).
•emainlng
one
to
three
inches
of
the
annual
rainfall
enters
soil
and
stream channel
deposits
and
percolates downward
through
loose subsurface material
and openings
in
the
rock
to
the water
table.
Seneral
~ove
,~ent of
this
water
is
seaward.
At
points
the water
table
is
3s
BUCh
as
100
feet
below
land
surface
but generally
is
less
than
50
feet.
By
the
sea
it's
only
slightly above
sea
level
(see Figure
:e
from
r
ter,
ground-water makes
up
the
secor
r
source of
fresh
and brackish water
on
St.
Joh r
.
water
*as
seme mineral
content.
As water evaporates
into
the atmoscne r e
it
condenses
around H
lust
and
chemical
particles
producing
raindrops.
In
this
area
a
great quantity of salt particles
suspended
1n
Ul
-ere.
">ese
salt
particles
accumulate on
land
es.
As
rtln
falls,
it
absorbs
sa't particles,
creating
a
"washing"
FtCt.
.e^etation
and other
land
surfaces
also
benefit
from
tnis
ATLANTIC
CARIBBEAN
64° 45
64 40'
Area
A. --Island
interior,
generally above 230
ft altitude.
Drilled well* 100
to 300
ft in depth, bortomed not
let* than
SO
ft below the water tatle and stove
iea
level. wiU produce from iOO to i.000 gpd
of
water having up to 1.0 00 rsg/1 dissolved
eoLids
.
In trie most favorable valleys.
iuc k
. as
st fceef Bay
and Coral bay.
a lew wells may produce up to
10.000 gpd.
locally, wrier* the water table
is
less than 20
ft below land surface, dug wells will
produce up to '00 gpd.
(A few anlled wells will
be dry or will produce poor-quality water.)
A/ea
C. --Island
perimete.'.
generally less than iO
ft above
sea
level,
but includes high jround on per.,
rule).
Drilled wells generally will be Sutject
tc sea-water
r-K.--oec-.~ert.
and water contains mora than
2
COO
mg/1 dissolved solids.
Water generally
I
r
for aeniury purposes only.
Locslly.
pr"
-
.anuties
ol tetter
,-»«iiTv water.
A/ea
B. — Island perimeter,
generally at least SO h above sea
level and up to 200
ft above sea
.evel
.
Drilled wells
S3 to 200
ft in depth, bottomed not less than
2
ft
below the water table and generally above sea
level
) some cases can be as
stuch as
SO
(1 tMaOM
»«a
level,
will produce
'. OOto2.JJOgpd'
--
-
wing
1 ,000 to 2 .000 mg/1 dissolved
solids
.
Luc ally
.
where the water table
la shallow, dug wells will
produce up to 100 gpd.
rumpage must be controlled
•O evoid tra
water encroachment.
JOuica
( 6
)
GROUND
WATER
IN
FRACTURED VOLCANIC
ROCK
urt
9
56
•ing
ef'ect.
Heavy
rainfalls which
pass quickly over
and
through
soils
have
a marked
leachlr.q
effect
r§1
q minerals
to
the ground-
water
and
the
sea
(6)
>Cund-«ater
Sources
.
Three
types
of aquifers
can
be
found
on
St.
John
and
Include:
beach
sand,
alluvial
filled
valleys,
and
fractured
volcanic
rock
formations.
~~ese aquifers
coincide closely
with
the
geologic
structure
of
thf
island.
The
following explains
the water
availability
in each
of these aquifers.
•ater
^n
Fr
j ircd
Volcanic
3ock
.
The
fractured
volca
r
:k
formations
are
the most significant
sources
of ground-water
on
St.
John.
These
formations
include
lava
flows,
water
laid
tuffs,
breccia's,
flow
breccia's
and
Interbedded
limestone.
Angular volcanic
rubble became
tuff and
breccia,
which
had much
pore space originally
than
exists
now.
Now
the abundance
of
open
spaces
are
located
along
joints
and
openings
caused
by weathering.
The
fractured
volcanic
rock
formation
can
be
broken
down
into
three geohydrological
zones:
soil, weathered
I
recognizable
rock,
and unweathered
rock.
Figure
10
shows
a
section of
volcanic
rock aquifer
and
its
relation
to
hydrologlc
units.
Soil
.
Soil
is
the
first
zone
to
receive
rainfall.
If
this
layer
is
thick and
permeable
II
assist recharge
of
the ground-water
reservoir.
-as
low permeability
the
storage capacity will
be
low
and
runoff will
enter
streams.
Soil
on
steeper
slopes
is
generally
thin
but
has
hlgn
:er~eabi
1 ity,
whereas
valleys
possess
tnicker
less
pe»-~e-
able
soils.
A
secondary
soil
~syer
or
sapcrlite
zone generally
not
found
on
St.
John.
Soil
mostly
lies
over
the weathered
rock
zone
(6,
.
o—
<z<
i
a.X
57
z<
z
2
^u >
OQ
^^
<j c-
)
Z
oo
58
»eat.nered
Rock
Zones
.
~^ese
zones
range
In
thickness
from
a
few
feet
to
50
feet.
The particular
Importance
of
this
zone
1s
the
subse-
quent solutlonlng
of
these
rocks
as water
passes
through
them.
This
process
tends
to
open
joints
and
promote ground-water movement
(6).
-?at"ered
Rock
or
Hard
Rock
Zcne
.
This
zone contains
water
along
joints whlcn occur more numerously
at
the
surface
(6).
Major drainage
basins
formed
along
fault
zones
ana minor
basins
along
lesser
faults
and
joints.
"These
faults
or joints
act
as
conduits
for ground-water movement
from
the
head
to
the mouth
of valleys
(6,15).
Recharge
to ground-water reservoirs moves
through
the
soil
into
fractured
rock
zone
and
downward
into
the water
table.
Z^ring
periods
of heavy
rainfall
tnere
is
more
runoff
into
the
less
permeable
soils
in
stream
beds.
As
it gradually
seeps
downward water
enters
into
thi
gravel
beneath
the
stream
bed
soils
Into
the water
table.
Recharge
through
stream
beds
is most
frequent
but
the
total
recharge
through
the
soil
is
probably greater due
to
the
fact
that
the greatest quantities
of
recharge
to ground-water reservoirs
takes
place after
heavy
rains
that
saturate
soils
(6)
Soil
moisture conditions
at
the
time
of
a
rainfall
directly
affect
the amount
of moisture
received
by
the
soil
and conveyed
to
tht
water
table.
If
soils
are moist prior
to
rainfall
their aoility
to allow
IfltO
and
through
them
is
greater
(6,15).
-1ng
the charted
period
.see
Figure
11)
St.
John
had
a
severe
drought.
.'-ound-water
levels
in May
1965
indicate
the
lowest readings
in many years.
Small
rises
indicate
that most
of
the
rainfall
did
1n
fact
replenish
soil
moisture.
Lesser
rains
later
in
1965
had
a
greater
i
j
390
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IDViMDS
QNV1
MOHU
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Hid 10
. INI
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OIL
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60
effect
on
ible due
to
the rods:
soil
conditions
caused
by
ear
ier
rains
(6)
*ater
ir
'
' ..lal
Zeposits
.
Alluvial
deposits
on
St.
Jonn
are
small,
generally
located
at valley mouths
and
are
roade
up
of
sediment
over gravel
(see Figure
12).
Upper stream channels
tend
to
be
steep,
iery
narrow,
cutting
Into bedrock.
One
to
three
foot boulders
over
gravel
&re common.
Between
the altitudes
of
60
to
160
feet
a
break
in
grade
is
common.
At
this
point
the
channel
begins
to
level
out,
widen,
and
thicken.
This
trend continues
as
it
progresses
downstream.
Data
on
the alluvial
water
table
is
vague.
It
is
located
near
sea
level
at
the mouth
and extends
upward
at
a
lesser
grade
than
the
land
surface.
Recharge
takes
place
through
the stream channels,
the
fractured
rock aquifer,
and
the
flood
plane which exists
as
a
result of
heavy
runoff
from previous
severe
storrs.
Quality of the water
found
in
these
areas
varies
and
is
greatly
affected
by
the
occasional
encroachment
and mixing
of seawater.
This
can
occur
if fresh water
1s
removed
at
a
faster
rate
than
recharged,
drawing
brackish
or salt water
into
the
area
(6).
ter
in
3each Sane
Th€ configuration
of beach
sard
in
rela-
tionship
to alluvial
deposits
and
fractured
volcanic
formations
is
snown
r 1gure
13.
The
sand
is
almost entirely made
up
of
shell
and
cora'
fragments
ranging
from yery
fine
to
yery
coarse,
'he water
table
subject
to
rapid change due
to
high
surf,
tides,
and
rainfall.
It
is
situated
one
foot above
sea
level
and may
reacn
three
to
four
f eet
•
-r
a
heavy
rainfall
(6)
CARIBBEAN
SEA
Dug wells will yield 500
to 2,000 gpd of good -quality water away
from the sea.
Drillea wells
that penetrate alluvium or beach sands
to
•-.s g-eater than
5 to 10
ft below water table will yield up to 2.000
gpd.
Quality will oe variable
in the beach sands and adjacent
alluvium.
Wells that nottom at or below
sea
level ire subject to
seawatcr mixing and.
ll overpumped
,
to seawater encroachment.
»
u
'
i. *
6
ALLUVIAL AND
BEACH-SAND
THAT CONTAIN GROUND WATER
Figure
12
62
<
<
T.U<
en
Z<
<y
o
!
O
63
A very
thin
layer of
fresh water ranging
from
a
few
inc r es
to
a
few
feet
thick overlays
a
layer
of brackish water which
is
above
sea
water.
Pumping
of water
too quickly causes
the
same effect
as
in
alluvial
areas:
encroachment
of brackish and/or
sea water
(6).
Summary
Until
new water sources
are available
to
St.
John,
primarily
desal inization
facilities,
current water
resources must
be carefully
used,
managed
and
protected.
Six wells
have
been
recently
established
on
St.
John.
Their ability
to produce water
at
the
rate
of
130,760
gallons
per day
(7)
is
significant.
However,
amounts
of
rainfall
will
have
the
ultimate effect
on
productivity.
This
factor
is
virtually
unpredictable.
In order
to maintain
pure water quality,
the watersned
which
supplies
the aquifer must
remain unpolluted.
To achieve
this,
the
major watersheds
along
the
south shore must
be protected
from undesir-
able surface
uses
including;
the
introduction
of nutrients
from farming,
septic
field waste disposal,
and excessive
runoff
from surfaced
areas,
such
as,
parking
lots.
In addition,
removal
of
large quantities
of
water
from
the wells
located
along Centerline
Road may endanger
the
existing
plant
life
by decreasing
the amount of available water.
Evi-
dence
of
this
has
been
noted
by
residents
in
the Cinnamon
Bay
area.
Major watersheds
have
been
identified
and
ranked
in
size
as
follows:
1)
Reef
Bay Gut
and
Fish
Say
Gut
(both equals),
2)
Coral
Bay
area
and
3)
Guinea
Gut.
Plate
III
indicates
the
location,
approximate
ridge boundaries
and
the direction
of surface drainage.
While
the
land-
fill
and
increasing
resider-
t exists
in
the Guinea
watershed,
any
future development
1n
the remaining
three should
be care-
fully analyzed
and protective measures
employed.
Soils
The Virgin
Islands
has
seven
basic
soil
associations.
Only one
major association,
Cramer-Isaac,
1s
found
on
St.
Jonn.
This
association
is
generally characterized
by
very
steep
to
strongly sloping
lands
which
are well
drained,
clayey
1n
subsoil
and shallow
to moderately deep
over
volcanic
rock.
They
can
be
found
on mountain
sides
and
foot
slopes
ranging
from
a
50
to
70%
slope.
The
soil
tends
to
be
reddish
1n color
with
rock outcrops
and
boulders
mixed with stone
and
gravel
in
the
surface
layer
(15)
(see
Figure
14).
Soil
associations
having
similar profiles
except
for differences
1n
surface
textures
are grouped
together
into
soils
series.
Each
series
is
further divided
into
soil
types
and
subtypes.
Cramer
Soils
Series
.
There
are
six
soil
types
ir
ramer
Series,
all
found
on
St.
John.
These
soils
are
typically characterized
by steep
to
'jery
steep
slopes.
They
are generally shallow
red
or
red-
dis
•
~ed over partly weathered
volcanic
rocks.
.
er
soils
are well
drained
and moderately permeable with
a
gravelly
and
stoney surface
layer
(15,20).
: ac Sc
-ies
•
'he
Isaac
series
is
-ade
up of
three
types,
two occur
on
St
iac
soils
compose much
less
of
St.
Jor.n's
soils
than
the
Cramer
Series,
"hey
are
generally
found
on
strongly
sloping
foot slopes
and
are mocerately
deep
and
well
draine:
I
ese
soils,
as
those
In
:"e
Crare--
Series,
we^e
'or-ed
in
place ove-
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found
on
narrow alluvial
fans
and
flood
plains
below Cramer
and
Isaac
soils
66
weathered
volcanic
rock
and contain many angular volcanic
rock
fragments
on
the surface
(15).
Minor
soils associated with
the Cramer-Isaac Association
Include:
.
San Anton
.
Glynn
.
Agullita
located
on
low hills
and
foot
slopes
.
Cobbly Alluvial
Land
found
on
narrow
flood
plains
~^e Cramer-Isaac Association
nas
severe
limitations, mainly
shallowness
over
rock
and
steep
slopes.
They
are unsuitable
for
cu"
I
vation
and nost agricultural
uses
and
have
severe engineering
limita-
tions
for development.
These
soils
are generally
best
suited
for
limited
recreational
uses
and wildlife habitats
(15).
The
following capability classes
are designated
cy
the
Soil
Conservation
Service,
United
States
Department
of Agriculture,
and
-escribe agricultural
suitability
of soils
on
St.
John
(see Figure
13).
Soils
ire classified
by
Roman
numerals
I
through
VIII
and
irdicate
the
degree of limitations
for
use
as
the
number
increases.
They
are
as
follows
(15)
(see
Plate
IV):
Class
[.
Class
one
has
few
limitations
restrict
their
.se.
No
class
one
soils
exist
on
St.
John
or
any of
the
United
States
Virgin
Islands.
Class
se
soils
have moderate
"imitations which
reduce
choice of plants
or
that require -oaerate conserva-
n
practices.
Class
II MktS
up only 4.9* of
the
tota*
soils
en
St.
John
and
can
be
found
nerally
in valley
bottoms.
ifr.^
Bfetab
Soils
St John
Plate IV
68
Class
[II.
Class
III
soils
have
severe
limitations
restrict-
ing
the choice of plants
and/or require
special
conservation
practices.
Only
.6*
of
all
soils
on
St.
John
fall
Into
this
class.
Class
IV.
These
soils
have
very
severe
limitations which
restrict
plant
selection and/or
require very
careful
management.
1.2% of
St.
John
is
^ade
up
of
Class
IV
soils.
Class
V.
"hese
soils
are
not
likely
to erode
but
have
other
limitations
restricting
their
use
largely
to
pasture
or
range, woodland,
or wildlife
habitat.
There
are
no
class
five
soils
on
St.
John.
Class
VI.
Class
VI
soils
have
severe
limitations making
them generally unsuitable
for cultivation.
Their
use
is
limited
to
pasture
or
range, wood-
land
or wildlife
habitat.
Soils
in
this
class
make
up
39.8%
of
St.
John.
Class
VII.
Class
VII
soils
have
very
severe
"
*ions
making
them generally
unsuitable
for cultivaticn
and
limit
their
jse
largely
to pasture
or
range,
woodland
or wildlife
habitat.
Soils
in
Class
VII
make
up
48.7^
c*
n.
:s
VII
:
ese
soils
and
landforms
have
limitations which
-eclude
their
use
for commercial
plant production
•stric*
IdHft
-itat,
water
supply,
cr
ie
ses.
69
of
St.
John
is made
up of Class
VIII
cnaracter-
i sties.
Summary
Generally,
all
soils
on
St.
John
have
severe
use
limitations
with
regard
to development
including;
foundations,
roadbeds,
septic
systems,
as
well
as,
recreational
and
agricultural
use.
However,
development with
care
is
possible but costly
on most
soils.
Since
the
majority
of
soils
on
St.
John
pose
severe
limitations
development
snould
be carefully
located.
,'egetation
Clearing and cultivation practices
during early
European occupa-
tion
of
the
17th and
18th
centuries,
destroyed
original
vegetation,
which was
thought
to have
been
tropical
rain
forest
(24).
Vegetation
was
almost completely
stripped
from
St.
John
and
replaced with sugar
cane.
After
the emancipation of
the Caribbean
slaves
(much earlier
than
in
the
U.S.)
grazing
and
homesteading was
established allowing
I
forest
to
slowly
reestablish
(14,24).
Consequently,
little
information
is available describing
the character
of
the
original
vegetation
(2-
Today
specific classification
of plant material
is
d
due
to
current
land
use
practices
and
the extremes
in existing micro-
climates
(24).
Land
patterns,
rainfall,
wind,
slope orientation,
and
soils
are
the
best
Indicators
available
in understanding
today's
pll
communities.
Of
these
factors,
wind
is
the
single major Influence,
having
a
profound effect on
rainfall,
soil
moisture,
and distribution
of plant materials
(24)
.
--
/ i
••'
''
moist
forest
dry forest
dry forest with cactus & agave
croton- acacia
cactus woodland & wind flattened scrub
Vegetation
Sf. Joliii
Plate V
C
A
R
I
B
B
E
A
.V
S
E
A
71
In order
to map
vegetation,
general
families
have
teen estab-
lished
and are
referred
to
as
'groups".
These
groups
reflect plant
communities which
grow
in similar situations
(see Plate
V).
Moist Forest
The
"Moist Forest Group:
is
largely characterized
by
an ever-
green
hardwood
forest
located mainly
in protected
areas
along
the
north
shore and
in
the
interior highlands.
These
areas
have
nigh
rainfall
and
rich
soils
(see
Figure
15).
Higher moisture conditions
and
deeper
soi's
located
in
guts
provide
the most prolific
growing conditions
(see
Figure
15).
Vegetation which more closely
resembles
the
tropical
rain
forest can
be
found only
in
these
isolated
areas.
Basic
plant communi-
ties
for
the
"Moist
Forest Group"
have
been outlined
by lube
(24)
and
contain
such
plants
as:
Bay
Rum,
Trumpet Tree,
Cabbage
angel in,
and
Maneyuelo
(11 ,24).
Dry
Forest
The
"Dry
Forest Group"
includes
an extensive
range of plant
materials,
climatic
situations,
and
ecological
changes.
For
this
reason
1t
has
been broken
into
the
sub-groups
wnich more accurately
reflect
existing m1cro-cl Imates
and
include;
dry
forest,
dry
forest with
cat
I
and
agave,
croton acada,
and
cactus woodland-wind flattens
scrub.
Moisture requirements
for
this
sub-group
are
grea:-
-or
the dry
foro
and diminish
respectively
(see
Figure
16).
Dry
Forest
.
Location of
this
sub-group coincides
l
less
protected
and
varied
ridge
crests,
as
well
as,
tne
less
exposed
l
FOREST VEGETATION
Figure
15
73
ire
16
74
lower
Interior south
and east
slopes.
Plants
1n
this
sub-group
require
a greater degree of mo1'
*han
any
others
In
this
group.
Plants
typically
found
1n
this classification
include:
Stink
Casha,
Common
Calabash
tree,
Prlcklypear,
Frang1pan1,
and
Box Briar
(19,22,24).
rest
»it n
Cactus
and Agave
.
This
sub-group consists
mainly of
these
plants
in
the
dry
forest sub-group
and
are
found
in
similar areas.
However,
these
areas
receive
less
rainfall
resulting
in
-ore prolific
growth
of cactus
and agave
(19,22,24)
(see Figure
17).
Croton-Acacia
Scrub
.
Croton-acacia
scrub
is
secondary vegeta-
tion
typically reestablishing after clearing
and overgrazing.
Plants
included
in
this
group are dense growing
small
trees
and
shrubs which
are
difficult
or
impossible
to penetrate
on
foot.
They
include;
Wild
Tamarind,
Catch and
Keep,
White Maran,
and
Box Briar
(19,22,24).
Cactus
rtoodlanc
and
Wind Hattened
Scrub
.
Cactus woodland
is
located
primarily
on
low east
and
south
facing
slopes
and wind
flattened
scrub
on
low east
facing
exposed
slopes.
Agave
and cactus
are prevale
til
some
small
trees which
are greatly altered
in
size
and
form
by
constant exposure
to winas
and
less
fertile
soils
(19,22,24)
(see
Figure
18).
varcrove
.
Mangroves
are
found
in
restrlctea
areas
of
St.
John.
Characteristically,
they
ire
located
in areas
*rere guts
empty
into
I
ihftll
:oral
debris
which
ca~
t-e
flow of water
towards
the
sea.
This
produces
a swamp-like condition with
brackish
waters
(19,22,24).
75
\s>
CO
o
o
.
76
UJ
o
Figure
77
Beach Vegetation
.
A linear forest
is
located along
the edge of
the
beach.
The
location
of
this
linear
forest
is
generally defined
as
the area
between
storm
tide
(highest
tide)
and
the point where
sand
(coral
and
rock granules)
end.
This distinct hedge
is
narrow
as
com-
pared
to other vegetation
zones.
Located
at
low elevations
along
the
island's
seaward edge,
beach vegetation
grows
taller
toward
the
landward
edge
holding
the
highly errodable
beach
in
tact.
Vegetation
is
gener-
ally dense,
gnarled
and capable
of withstanding
the adverse conditions
posed
by wind,
waves,
and
salt
spray and
includes
Seagrape
and many palm
species
(19,22,24)
(see
Figure
19).
Summary
It
has
been established
that at one
time
St.
John
had
been
almost entirely denuded of native vegetation
for agricultural
purposes
and
has
since
reestablished.
While
this
type
of
severe alteration
is
not likely
to occur again,
much
care
should
be
taken
in clearing
areas
for
any
type
of
use
to avoid
negative
impacts.
Soils
tend
to
te
thin
and
permeable.
Loss
of vegetation dramatically
increases
runoff and sVr
tion.
Since
St.
John
is
an
island environment,
silt
flows
towards
tl
sea
and
is
eventually deposited
in
bays.
This
results
in
severe damage
to delicate coral
reefs
and
a
needless
loss
of precious
top
soil
(19,20,
22).
With
such
a
broad
range
of vegetation
types
and
lack
of specific
data
on
location of each,
a detailed
inventory should
be executed
prior
to
locating
any
use
or
structures.
78
UJ
25
CO
jre
79
Slope
St.
John
is made
up primarily of steeply sloping
terrain.
Plate
VI,
relief,
indicates
the
elevational
changes
of
St.
Jonn
and wnere
the
highest and
lowest
points
occur.
Thicker bands
of color represent
flatter
slopes,
thinner bands,
steeper
slopes.
While
the
sharp contrast
between
the
steeply sloping
hillsides
and
the
flat surface
cf
tne ocean
provides
a
pleasing
visual
contrast,
it pcses many difficult problems
for development
on
St.
John.
In order
to more closely
study
these
limitations,
a
slope analysis
has
been
prepared
(see
Plate
VII).
The
slope analysis
indicates
ranges
of
slope percentages
ard
their
suitabil-
ity
for development
as
follows:
0-1 0^
Slopes
.
These gently
sloping
areas
generally occur
in
low
alluvial
areas
and
along
ridge
tops.
Alluvial
areas
are
small
in
area
as
compared
to other more
steeply
sloping areas,
however,
tney provide
acceptable
slopes
for development
a minimum of
impacts.
Areas
along
ridge
tops
tend
to
be
narrow and
linear
in
form,
posing
special
design constraints.
While
the
0-10t
slopes
present
the
fewest
limita-
tions
on development,
only
14.3%
of
St.
Jonn
has
areas
which
fall
into
this
classification.
10-20t Slopes
.
These
slopes
are
still
considered buildable yet
require
special
considerations
in design.
The
potential
of
severe ero-
sion
1s
increased when developing
these
slopes
due
to
the
increased
velocity
of
runoff wnen vegetative cover
is
disturbed.
In addition,
excavation
and
difficult;/
in building
on
steecer
slopes
increases
construction
co c,*s.
Environmental
Impacts,
as
well
as
Increased
I
,
o,.-
i
•
is
Relief
St. John
Plate VI
('
A
R
I
B
B
E
A
S
S
£
M
£
•
-
'"'"..
*u »
'5Sg*-_.
c
-
Slopes
St Joltii
Plate VII
C
4
ft
/
B
ft
E
,,\
X
S
F.
A
82
construction costs
should
be seriously evaluated when developing on
10-205 slopes.
Only 5.4% of
the
island's
surface
falls
1n
this
categc-
2C--S
Slopes
.
20.55 of
St.
John
has
slopes
1n
this
range.
Development
1n
these areas
should
be
limited
to passive
uses
sucn
as
hiking
or preservation
1n order
to avoid
severe
impacts
of development.
Such
Impacts would
Include erosion
resulting
from
increased
runoff
li
clearing
of vegetation,
as
well
as,
possible pollution of
the potable
ttr
supply
resulting
from runoff and
seapage
from septic
systems.
Both
forms
of pollutants
potentially endanger
the quality
of ground
water,
as
well
as,
bays
surrounding
the
island which possess
delicate
coral
reefs.
-:-over
Slopes
.
Almost
60%
(59.8%)
of
St.
John
has
slopes
forty percent or greater.
These
areas
do
not occur
in any particular
section
of
t*e
island
but are
found evenly distributed
throughout.
Severe environmental
impacts
result when
these
areas
are developed
and
should
be
pronlbited.
Impacts
on
40% and
over
are
similar
to
those on
20-40% slopes,
yet mere
severe.
These
areas
are
recommended
for
limited
passive
uses
or preservation.
Sur~
In order
to
avoid
negative environmental
impacts,
development
should
be
limited
to
slopes
of
'ess
than
::
.
Tht
total
area which
thin
the
range of 0-20% makes
up
19.7^
of
St.
John's
19
square
miles.
Since
bulldab'e
elopment
should
reflect
careful
planning.
83
Visual
Resources
The Virgin
Islands
possess
a
unique
and outstanding
visual
character.
The contrasting colors
and
forms
of
the green mountainsides
against
the everchanging
blues
of
the Caribbean
Sea
are
forgotten
by
few.
It
is
undoubtedly
one of
the outstanding
natural
resources
of
the
area,
and
is
responsible
for drawing
visitors
from
the world
over.
While
the quality
of aesthetics
is
perceived
and judged
by
the
individual
viewer,
certain
features
can
be
identified
as
characteristic
of
an
area.
This
section
will
not attempt
to evaluate
the aestnetic
quality,
rather
it will
identify
the character
of
the
visual
resources
of
St.
John,
as
well
as,
exemplify
the effects
of man
imposed alteration
on
these
resources.
In generating
site alternatives,
an
important
fac-
tor
in determining
location will
be
potential
visual
impacts
of develop-
ment.
In order
to accomplish
this,
a
vocabulary,
as
well
as,
a metnod
of establishing
areas
possessing
similar
visual
characteristics
nas
been
established.
As
a
viewer perceives
a
scene,
the mind automatically
interprets
colors,
textures,
shapes
and
sizes
into
a
total
composition,
"he
scene
is
generally
interpreted
by
the viewer
as
having
a
:e'"ta: p ^ality
rang-
ing
in
varying degrees
of good
to
poor.
Items
which make
up
*
:al
are
referred
to
as
the
basic
elements
or
units
of
the
landscape.
For
example:
the color
and
texture
of vegetation combined
wltl
•
shape of
existing
land
forms
may
produce
the
overall
appearance
of
lines
as
viewed against
the
sky
or
sea.
Lines
may
be created
by
an
infinite
combination
of
these
units.
We
see
or
Interpret
line
as
a
result of
contrast between
landscape
units.
Other
factors
*h1ch
influence
the
84
perception
Include
the
location
of
the viewer,
atmospheric
conditions,
and
lighting conditions.
Since
this
section presents
a
general
overview
of visual
resources,
the
survey
was
conducted
primarily
by boat,
fixing
the
location
and
the distance
of
the viewer
from
the area
being
viewed.
The
survey was
conducted
during
a
one
day
period,
greatly
reducing major
changes
1n atmospheric
and
lighting conditions.
After careful
evaluation,
it became apparent
that major
factors
influencing
the
overall
visual
character
include slope
(land
form)
and
vegetation
patterns.
MAJOR FACTORS
Slope
Vegetation
<u
-
10-20?
slope
-
forest
<u
%
j-
-
20-40%
slope
-
arid woodlands
£ ™
a. u
o. u
EC
; _C
-
slopes
over
40*
- wind
flattened
scrub
elopment
becomes
more visible
as
the
degree of slope
increases
and
ability
of
the vegetation
to
screen development decreases.
Forest
vegetation
on
steep
slopes
has
a
greater ability
to
screen development
than wind
flattened scrub
on
the
same
slope.
In addition,
*orest
vegetation
reestablishes more
readily after development,
therefore
decreasing
the overall
long
term
impact.
VEGETATION TYPE
Slopes
Forest
10-20%
slopes
mm
Arid
Woodlands
mm.
20-40% slopes
n n
wd.
over 40% slooe
mod
max
NOTE:
min.,
minimum
impacts
~cd., moderate
impacts
max., maximum
impacts
Wind Blown
Scrub
~C-
iax
max.
85
3ased
on
the correlation
between
slope
and
vegetation,
three
categories
of
impacts
have
been established:
minimum,
moderate,
and maximum
impacts
.
Minimum
Impacts
.
Areas
possessing
gentle
slopes
and
substan-
tial
screening
vegetation
(forest and
arid woodland), would
be
impacted
by development
(one
to
two story buildings).
Moderate
Impacts
.
Areas
possessing
steep
slopes
and more deli-
cate
vegetation would experience moderate alterations
in
visual
character
if developed
(one
to
two
story buildings).
Development
in
this
situation
would
have
a
lasting effect
on
visual
resources
and would
not
fully
recover
to
Its
original
character over
tire.
Maximum
Impacts
.
Areas
experiencing maximum
impacts
as
a
result
of development would
include
very steeply
sloping
lands with
any
type of
vegetation.
As mentioned
previously,
development
should
be restricted
on
these steeply sloping
areas
due
to environmental
complications which
may
result.
Some exceptions
to
this may
be
found
on
St.
John
however
86
they are scattered
and
few.
Overall,
development of any
type
should
not
occur
1n
these
areas.
Site Analysis
Each
resource
and
site
Influence
presents
special
limitations,
as
well
as,
opportunities
for development.
The
site analysis,
or
sum-
mary,
illustrates
the correlation between
each
of
the
resource
inven-
tories.
This
comparison
results
1n
the
identification of potential
development cells
or
areas which
reflect
the
*ewest development
limitations
(see
Plate
VIII
,
All
areas
of
the
Island
possess
characteristics which
influence
thfl
ease
or difficulty of development.
On
St.
John
three
areas
emerged
as
a
result
of resource evaluation:
1)
Areas
indicated
by Roman
numeral
I which possess
the
fewest
limitations
for development.
2)
Areas
designated
by
the
number
II
have moderate
limitations,
'his
may
include
only one major
limitation
or
two moderate.
Special
considerations
will
be needed
in developing
these
sites
but development
is
feasible.
3)
All
remaining
cells
on
St.
John
fall
Into undevelopable
or
the
third
•iccry.
These areas
possess
resource qualities
which
have
severe
limitations
for development.
Limitations
include excessive
slopes
and
restrictive
or unstable
soils
which present severe
limitations.
winter
sun
/•.- sr"
"^^,
direction
of
prevailing
trade winds
severe limitations
moderate limitations
slight
limitations
nalysis
M. joint.
Plate VIII
C
A
R
f
B
B
E
.1
N
E
A
G
DEVELOPMENT
OF
SITE
ALTERNATIVES
Chapter
3
DEVELOPMENT OF SITE ALTERNATIVES
In chapter
two,
documentation
and
analysis
of
the
survey
data
produced
the program requirements
and
site analysis.
While
the
proc'
represents
basic
requirements
of
the
facilities
and
the
site analysis
potential
sites,
further evaluation
of
these
factors
in combination
result
in
producing alternatives.
In order
to
focus
on
sites
which
best
fulfill
the program requirements, major objectives
of each
interest
group
have
been
identified.
The community's main objective
is
to
secure adequate
land on
which
to
locate
a
school
and
cultural
center.
While other concerns
include
location,
accessibility,
and
actual
facilities,
their main
objective
is
to
secure
an adequate amount
of
land
for
the proposed
facility.
The Virgin
Islands
Planning Office
is
concerned with sound
physical
planning
and encourages
development which will
fit
and
improve
the
existing community.
This
concern
is
primarily directed
towards
the
location
and accessibility
of
the proposed development.
Major concentrations
of population
are
located
at each
end
of
the
island
(Cruz
3ay west
end,
and
Coral
Bay east
end),
greatest
numbers
of potential
users
are
located
1n
Cruz
Bay.
With ever
increasing
problems
of mobility
resulting
from energy
shortages,
moving
all
users
to
a geographically
central
site may
be diplomatic
but
not
efficient.
Logically,
the
fewer
persons
transported,
tne more efficient and
89
90
convenient
the
facility
location,
^erefore,
a
cofrmunlty
facility
located near
to
the population
center
1s
favored.
It
has
been establlsned
that major development
on
National
Park
lands
1s discouraged
and
that agricultural
activity could
be possible
as
long
as
1t
1s
coordinated with
the purpose of
the
par
To further clarify
the
results
of
this
study,
it
1s
important
to
stress
that
the
research
and development
of site alternatives
was
produced
for and
1n conjunction with
the
National
Park
Service.
Thl
addition of
a
third alternative
(the
National
Park
Service Trade Alter-
native)
and
recommendations
regarding
site selection were made
for
this
fesis
and
these
go
beyond
the
scope
of
the N.P.S.
study
and
in
no way
represent
their views
or policies.
Size,
location,
and accessibility were primary
factors
guiding
the
choice
of site alternatives.
The
following
is
a
brief description
of each
(see
Plate
IX).
Enighed
p ond
Site
The
Enighed
Pond
site alternative
Includes
the entire
area
of
publicly
zoned
land
in
Cruz
Bay where
the existing
school,
library,
day
care center,
tennis
courts,
and
the
Enighed Great
House
are
located.
The
total
area
includes
7.75
acres
of prime
real
estate within
the
town
of Cruz
Bay.
While
the
total
acreage
1s
not adequate
for
all
jses
as
outlined
in
the preliminary
program,
all
facilities with
the exception
thi
track
and
field
could
be accomodated within
this
area.
Since
a
track
and
field
are
not
listed
as
a
high priority,
possible alternative
sites
sucn
as
tht
new
Coral
Bay recreational
complex
could accommodate
"""Ss&asn
cruz bay
-"
*
location
of alternatives
f||
location
of agricultural plots
Location
of
Site Alternatives
St. Joint
Plate IX
C
A
R
I
B
B
E
A
N
E
A
92
such
a
use.
Its
close
location
and accessibility
to Cruz Bay warrants
Its
consideration
as
a
partial
alternative.
N.P.S.
Site
The current
location
of
the Virgin
Islands
National
Park
Visi'
Center
is
in
the
town of Cruz
Bay.
The existing
site contains
3.2 acres
and
includes
docks,
park offices,
a
boat maintenance area
and
a
small
playground
and
basecall
field.
While
the
site
is
not
large enough
for
the
total
development,
cultural
facilities
including
an auditorium,
multipurpose work
areas
and offices
could
be accommodated
on
the
site.
These
factors warrant
Its
consideration
as
a
partial
alternative.
Bethany
Site
Located
on Center
Line
Road
,
this
site
is
easily accessible
*rom
Cruz
Bay.
It
1s
a
linear area,
consisting of gently sloping
hills
and
fair
soils.
Much
of
the area
1s
currently
being
utilized
for grazing
and
scattered
residential.
This
site
has
adequate acreage
for
tne
proposed fad 1
1 ty
Gift
Hill
Site
Ift Hill
1s
located
near Cruz
Bay,
however accessibility
is
limited.
While
lacking
good
access,
this
site oossesses Tore
than
adequate
size and
should
rece-
isideration
as
a
potential
site.
jrea*.
'
I
Th€
Cruz
Bay
site
1s
located
near
Cruz
Bay
and
is
accessible.
It
-.esse:
acreage
and
good
site characteristics
'or development.
93
Susannaberg
Site
This
area,
located
along
Center
Line
Road
is
accessible
and
has
adequate acreage
for development.
However,
it
lies within
the
bounda-
ries
of
the
park.
If
the proposed development were
located
in
this
area,
measures
to
realign
park boundaries,
deleting
it
from
the park,
would
be
necessary.
Two
areas Herman
Farm and Cinnamon
Bay
have
been
indicated
on
the plan
as
areas which may
be
used
for agricultural
purposes.
Suitable
areas
for agricultural
plots
are
limited
on
St.
John
and may
result
in
the major agricultural
activity
being
located
at
one of
these
areas.
These
six alternatives
include
sites which are accessible,
have
an acceptable
location
and
are capable
of supporting
all
or
part of
thfl
proposed
facilities.
Further analyses
will
result
in
site
recommenda-
tions.
T_?
RECOMMENDATIONS
Chapter
4
RECOMMENDATIONS
In order
to establish
the most suitable
sites,
a more detailed
evaluation was
conducted.
In doing
so,
a
chart was
developed.
This
chart
represents
each
site's
capability
to
fulfill
program requirements
(see
Figure
20)
.
Basic program requirements
include
the major concerns
and
needs
of each
interest group.
The community
is
concerned with
size
and
loca-
tion
of
the
site.
How well
each
site
fulfills
the
size requirements
(set
forth
in
the program)
is
reflected
in
the
value
it
receives.
Each
program requirement
is evaluated
in
the
same
fashion.
Definition
of
terms
used
1n
the chart
are
as
follows:
Size
:
Each
site was
evaluated
on
the
basis
of
its
capability
to
support
proposed
facilities
and
future expansion.
If
the
site could accommodate
the
proposed
use but
no
future expansion,
it was
rated
"marginal".
If
expansion
1s
possible,
the
site was
rated
"good".
Location
:
The proximity
of each
site
to Cruz
Bay was
evaluated.
Since
school
children
are more apt
to walk
or
ride
buses
to
school,
their
loca-
tion was
evaluated
less critically
than
those
of
the cultural
facilities
Sites
locating
cultural
facilities
1n
Cruz
Bay were generally
rated
"good".
School
sites
located
away
from Cruz
Bay
activity were
rated
"good".
Accessibll
1 ty
:
While
sites may
be
located
near Cruz
Ba>
.
may
not
be readily accessible
due
to geographic
Isolation or
lack
of adequate
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97
roads.
Sites
accessible
by existing
roads
or within
a
fifteen minute
walking distance
from
town were
rated
"good".
Those with
poor
roads
and/or
thirty minute walking
time were
rated
as
"marginal''.
Community Development
Potential
:
The addition
of
new facilities
to
St.
John
should
improve overall
character
and quality
of island
life.
Sites
were evaluated
on
their ability
to
fit
in with,
or
improve,
over-
all
growth patterns,
provide
renewal
or preservation
potential,
and
improve
overall
community
image.
If
a
site
reflected
potential
of meet-
ing
two
or more
of
these objectives
it was
rated
"good";
one
"marginal";
none
"inadequate".
Impacts
on
Park/Resources
:
Any development may affect
the
natural
resources
of
the
area.
Sites were
rated
"inadequate"
if development
would directly
impact
park
resources.
If development would
not
imDact
park
resources
but were
located within
viewing distance
from
park
boundaries
the
site was
rated
"marginal".
Other
sites
were
ratea
"good".
Impacts
on
Park/Acquisition
:
A major
goal
of any
national
park
is
to
acquire
land within
its
authorized
boundary.
If
land were acquired,
for
development purposes,
Inside
or adjacent
to
the
boundary,
it would
conflict with
park goals.
The overall
evaluation may
Indicate
that
the
sale
or
trade
of park
land
provides
the
best
solution.
MM It
sale of
park
land may
be possible
1t
1s
not
likely
due
to establisned
precedence
and current
policy.
Based
on
this,
any
site
requiring acquisition of
park
held
lands
was
rated
"Inadequate".
All
other
sites were
rated
"^ood".
There was
no
"marginal"
rating.
Each
site
1s
shown along
the
top
of
the chart.
Under eacn
there
are
three columns:
the
first
labeled cultural,
the
second
school.
During
98
the evaluation process
each
site
1s
evaluated
separately
1n
terms
of
capability
to
fulfill
these
requirements.
The
total
values
for each
were combined
1n
the
third
column.
Indicating
the
site's
ability
to
support
both.
The
numerical
value
assigned
to each
symbol
reflects
the ability
of
the
site
to meet program requirements.
Three
(3)
corresponds
to
the
rating
of
"good",
two
(2)
"marginal",
and
zero
(0)
"inadequate".
A
major division
between
"marginal"
and
"inadequate"
has
been created
by
assigning
zero.
By doing
so,
a
site
1s
penalized
for completely
lacking
the capability
to satisfy program reauirements
In order
to achieve an optimum
fit between
use
and
site
a
sp'
facility
has
been considered
(last
two columns).
In
reviewing
the
total
scores
for
the
"cultural
center",
Enlghed
Pond
Site
ranks
first
and
the
'.2tional
Park
Service
Site
second.
By viewing
the
totals
for
"school
facilities",
Bethany
and Great Cruz
Bay
Sites
rate equally
high.
By
combining
the cultural
assets
of Enlghed
Pond
or
National
Park
Service
with
the assets
of
the Bethany or Great Cruz
Bay
Sites
two additional
site potentials
are
generated;
the
Enlghed
Pond/Bethany
or
Great Cruz
Bay
Site
and
the
National
Park Service/Bethany or
Great Cruz Bay
Site.
The
last
total
reflects
the
final
ranking
of
the
site's
assets.
The
total
combined
scores
indicate
the order
of
site
recommendations
first through
fourth.
1)
Enlghed
Pond
Site
and
Bethany
or Great Cruz
Bay
2)
The
Enlghed
Pond
Site
3)
National
Park
Service
and
Bethany
or Great Cruz
Bay
4)
Bethany
or Great Cruz
Bay
(see
Figure
21).
cinnamon bay
rp cnerman
farm,..
...
susannaberg
cruz bay
park service
i>
,---
ghe'c^.J'
"
..... J pond r:c^
£***$
-bethany
: £ gift
hill
-great cruz bay
a
-
%
e
RECOMMENDED
SITE
ALTERNATIVES
I |gui
••
2"\
100
The
numerical
ranking
of
sites
Indicate
that
number
one,
Enlghed
Pond
and
an alternative
(Bethany
or Great
Cruz
Bay),
and
two,
Enlghed
Pond
Site,
are very
close
-
33 and
32
1n
their
rating.
A clear
separa-
tion between
the
first
two
and
second
two
(3 points)
recommendations
exist
Indicating
a clear preference
for
the
first
two.
The
second
two
sites,
National
Park
Service
and
an alternative
(Bethany
or Great
Cruz
Bay)
and Bethany or Great Cruz
Bay,
are
separated
by
a
single point
(29
and
28).
These
findings
reflect
sites
which
are capable of
supporting
the
proposed community
facilities.
More
importantly,
however,
they
also
address
the
needs
and
concerns
of each
interest group providing depth
and variety
in
the approach
as
well
as
the
solution.
While
these recommendations
are
based
on community
input
and
I
existing
natural
resources,
additional
study
is
needed
prior
to actual
site
selection.
It
1s
recommended
that additional
community
input
be
sought
1n order
to substantiate
the current
list
of
needed
facilities.
Detailed
study should
be conducted
for each
site alternative
to
insure
that development will
not severely
impact
the existing
site conditions
or
the environment of
St.
John.
Furtner
study
of
these
factors
along with
seeking methods
of
ImntatlOfl
are needed
1n
order
to
progress
towards
the
goal
of
a
new
community
and
cultural
facility.
REFERENCES
1.
Adams,
C.
F.
"Vegetation
of
St.
John,
Virgin
Islands
National
Park," Restricted
Use
File,
1958.
2.
Adams,
Janet,
et
al
.
Task
Force
Personal
Interviews,
St.
John,
US
Virgin
Islands,
Summer,
1979.
3.
.
Annual
Report,
Office
of
the Administrative Assistant,
St.
John,
US
Virgin
Islands,
1976-77.
4.
.
Annual
Report, Office
of
the Administrative Assistant,
St.
John,
US Virgin
Islands,
1977-78.
5.
Clark,
Glen
0.
"Statement
for
Interpretation,
Virgin
Islancs
National
Park,"
National
Park
Service,
US Virgin
Islands,
1978.
6.
Cosner,
et
al
.
Water
in
St.
John
US
Virgin
Islands
,
Water
Resources
Div.,
USGS,
1972.
7.
Department
of
Public
Works.
Location and
Well
Capacities
for
5
John,
Data
File,
St.
Thomas,
US Virgin
Islands,
1979.
3.
Donnelly,
T.
W.,
et
al
.
Field
Guide
to
the
Geology
of
the
Virgin
Islands
(date
not available)
.
9.
Komives,
Kirt.
Statistician,
Department
of
Education,
Personal
Interview,
St.
Thomas,
US Virgin
Islands, Aug.,
1979.
10-
.
Land
Use
and
Housing
Elements,
US
Virgin
Islands,
Virgin
Islands
Planning Office, Office of
the Governor,
US Virgin
Islanas
1976-77.
11.
Little,
Elbert
L.,
Jr.
and
Frank
H.
Wadsworth.
Trees
of
Pue'
Rico
and
the Virgin
Islands
.
US
Forest
Service,
H/B
«2-9.
12.
Miller,
J.
Superintendent,
Virgin
Islands
National
Park,
Personal
Interviews,
St.
John,
US Virgin
Islands,
Summer
19
13.
Office of
the Administrative Assistant,
Data
by
the Overall
Plan-
ning
Committee
of
St.
John,
Data
and
Statistics
File,
St.
John,
US
Virgin
Islands,
1975.
14.
Sewer,
Roy.
Administrative Assistant,
St.
John,
Personal
Inter-
views,
Cruz
Bay,
St.
John,
Summer,
1979.
15.
.
Soils
Survey of
tlH
:S Virgin
Islands,
US Department
of Agriculture,
Aug.,
1970.
101
102
16.
.
Statement
for Management Virgin
Islands
National
Park,
Superintendent,
Virgin
Islands
National
Park,
St.
John,
US
Virgin
Islands,
1977.
S.
New
York,
N.
Y.
'.e
1
1
1
,
Edward A
.
Rape
of
the American Virgin
Praeger
Publishers,
19/2.
18.
Philips,
Edward.
Assistant Director of Planning,
Virgin
Islands
Planning Office,
Personal
Interviews,
St.
Thomas,
US Virgin
Islancs,
Summer,
1979.
19.
______.«
Resource Management
Plan Virgin
Islands
National
Park,
:ional
Park
Service,
Colorado,
1976
(Preprint).
20.
Riddle,
James
.
Natural
Resource
Specialist,
Virgin
Islands
:1onal
Park,
Personal
Interview,
St.
John,
US
Virgin
Islands,
Aug.,
1979.
21.
Virgin
Islands
Government Agency Officials,
Group
Interview,
St.
Thomas,
US
Virgin
Islands,
July,
1979.
22.
Virgin
Islands
National
Park Master
Plan.
National
-ark
Service,
Colorado,
1975
(Preliminary).
Morrtlli
<ortr1ght.
Director,
St.
John Community Action Agency,
Personal
Interview, Aug.,
1979.
24.
Zube,
Ervln
H.
The
Islands
.
US Department of
the
Interior,
ishington,
D.
C.
,
1968.
PROPOSAL
AD HOC CITIZENS
PLANNING
COMMITTEE
104
...
it
wed by
t
-.
-
it of the Virgin
1
I and opera1
i
critically fell
•
•
t
put
coma
i
-
ilatl
-
"
.
.
ild
i
.:••--'- the twe
:s.
ccapl
-
!e tht
1.
.
.
-
..--...
11
pass-.-?
ind
:reat1
'ecreatlsn;
ind
fac
-:•
;s
.
.
fad
it
:
.
'
-.
i
'
b t1
:
ic
1 1 11 e s
for
b >1
I,
•
tree
}f
i
to be used for
j
fcr«
-
ign'cul ture
ind floriculture!
Fruits
1 vegetal
.
.
:::
~
•
-
i
.
j1$1tl
site
'00-
-
Mlt Of
X
.
-
1 evel
terra 1 n
.
a
iter.
I
T
-
.
t 1976
-
'
•
«1 tta
105
Proposal
by Ad Koc Com
;tec
: :
.
.
.
n
Mo
suitable
privately
owned
land
is
available.
Sixty
five
zo.rzz n z
of
St.
n
Island's
"ar.c
araa
is
in
the
Mrgin
Islands
National
Par
Mundaries;
Park
lands
bisect
the
Island
anc separate
the
two
population
:
-3.
The
prc~csec
site,
net
now intensively
used,
is
bounded
en
three
sices
jy
privately
owned
residential
property not
subject
to
:ondenmation
or
-
i
life
tenancy agreement;
the
fourth
s:ce
; s
the main
crtss
island
roadwa;
.
i snterl
i ne
Road.
»
proposed
:::e
jse Mould
be
compatible
urith
park
purposes.
Jnder
i
term
stecial
use
penrft
to
t
i
Sovernment
of
the
Mrgin
Islands,
level
nt
of
the
site
fould
:-cceea
with
suitae'e
protection
and
enh
aesthetic
values.
As
exa:-.o"es,
an
adequate
screen
(60-110
~*eet
.
:•
'egetat
.
fould
be
itai
id
ilong
Center
i and the other
:
-.:
boundaries
to
retain
the
:haracteri sties
of
itional
landscaping
of
tKe
sit*
*»uld
serve
as
a
botanical
jarden,
i
tti
rep
.-
.
.
jroups
)f
-aiive
:cecies
appropriately
described
ind
label!
Funds
ror
ieveloercent
ind
operation of
the
center
cc
Federal
tl
for
ISSlStance
::
Use
I
id youth,
senior
:1t1l
rovi
inti
is
rtll
as
private
contrlbul
:
i
....:.
io
irnment
...
i
no
ktional
Pari
Servl
......
solved,
the
b would be an endur
i
of
.
.
:••-::
ral
and
1 ocal
orga
:a t1 ons .
106
:
-
- —
.er
JVI
.
.
•
:
;"
rrl
..
-
•a
:
--
»lty
}fl
-
Jourd
I.
_:~ax
rhcovi
id
jva
:
.
-
.
-"
-
3over-
:n
zt\
Z:-cizzr
.:
: n
Inter?;
22-
L
t,
;-
Public
-
•
- ICt
:sn
ibllc
[nteresttd
Dept.
;-
.
.
-
:tor
Dipt.
:-'
Put
Sonser
icrtatlon
[ntcrtsttd
:
:•
107
Coenittae
Sac
t
-
fall
:*
1973
in
response
:3
informal
requests
for
assistance
t
>prese
:at
Jfl
af
3:.
John
Island
res
2c
.:'
•
ews
relat
J
tal
zcne Management
anc
lane-use,
Janet
: ca.r.s
,
.
:e
:
airwoman
:-"
DoC,
Lionel
Advisory
Committee
forCoastal
Zone
lanagement,
asked
c
-
I
Administrator
Roy
Sewer
to
invite
a
representative
jroup
)f
native
.
:o
.-
tal
permanent
resi dents
to
le
slop
-
>riorit]
St
)f
sol
-
-
-
:
nvitE
nltteei
by
its
own
resolution,
served
is
tee
::
expedite
conclusions,
eacr.
-
_
tser
:onsultad
in th
and
aroug
t
to
meeting
.
Mews
of
their
:wn constituency
for
inclusion
ir
the
.
ptad
proposal
to
the
National
Park
Service.
ting regularly
aver
seve
.
s:
1. was
c
>
all
)us records
'
nlng
cc
innual
UJ
»tration
'eports
to
the
/irgin
Islands
5ov
2.
.... previous
:
mittee's
sxc
rts
ie
~
"-
late coord
I
fol low-up.
2.
uultipl
jld
trips
to
study
suggested
; ites.
-.
leterainod
that
io
Jther
Island
property
.<as
even ma
able
jna
;:
.'
;
at
Rett
long
istabllsned md
i
5.
.as
Info m
i
snthusl isticallj
ar
.
nical
a::-.s::r.c2
^ie
r
n
the
;a
-
-
:t.
5.
irk
Service
the
tino.ua 1
popul it
:
i
-.ear
ana
108
1
.
L
I. Apprc
...
•-
-
-
)f Estate
-
.
-••
I, East
-
--•;.
:
.
Soutti
-
*anttr
-.
test
-
Es tat
- Privata
Jwntr.
:.
iptlon
Is
-c
ther NE
:
.
:
I ant co
: p
I
2nd
indon fruit
Is.
:
.
-:*—:--_-:'."
S
t
-
-
is.
E.
Soils
i
1 .
and 2
2s
Proa
East
Pol
' m1 ng norma
St.
J
m
i
i,
• Supply
I. Thr
; on slta
:
rill
-'
.
f s 1 te
1 estl f
:.
both East and
I
to
C
\ Sout
:.
109
Prel
'
"
i ~~-".
Site
i to
'
.
:
3.
Existing
structures
-.
Abandoned
tone of one
:f
the
previous
owners
-hazardous
conditi
3.
Restored
ruins
of su^ar
mill
owned
oy
park
-s":u':
be
i icorporal
in
site design
'.
.
', zhar undeveloped
ru1
.
:r.dati ens
- Conclusions
'-
.
3ne
zf
the
few
flat
si:as
on
Is
-
1
l.
: jntral Iy
located
C.
)nly
jsafale,
'ell
;cc^:2a
site
available
D.
Rooa
for
iesi red
uses
I.
lias
water,
power,
/lews,
soil,
iccess,
everything
ta
support
pr
no
fill
1
need
..Mdred senior citizens
on
St.
John entitled
to
the benefits
of
serv
ns
are
inadequately
assisted,
because
there
1s
no adequate
facility
to
house
the
programs.
Se^v
n
operation could
be
gre
.
.proved.
1.
Elcerly nutrition
programs'
not meal s
are
transported daily
by
truck
,
by ferry,
to
be delivered
by
truck
on
St.
John.
There
is
no
kitchen facility
on
the
island.
Z,
T\ .insportation program
is
a wooden benched
safari
bus,
used
by
the aged
for
a weekly
(one)
trip
to
the
beach,
and
to Calabash
Boom
(45 mins
from Cruz
Bay) wnere
one day
a week women of
exceptional
skill
make
tful
stuffed
toys
for
to
tourists.
3.
Home
repairs
could
be
better served
by
a
place
to
teacr,
skills
to
the unemployed.
4,
Legal
Aid could
be more
useful
if an
information
program
or
even
posters
on
a
centrally
located
insioe oulletln
board
i^ade
the
elderly aware
of
the
service.
Not available
for
lack
of
a
facility
is
Strive
for
the visually
handicap.--
Day Care
for
tne
elderly;
counselling
services;
passive pleasurable
recreation
and
instruction.
•-ee,
as
had
previous Committees,
concluded
oved
from their native agrarian
'
.le
by
park
land
acquis:*
I
neilected valuable
human
and
cultural
resource.
On an
island
w
\ry
Industry
1iany elderly
are willing
*
and qualified
!
ve
and
tc develop
a craft
industry.
No
loca"
ool
T-.-es
have
room for a training or producl
m.
disadvantaged youth:
the
dr
Ik,
to
bus often worn
n hour
e-.
K>1
on
(I) Hull
-ee
Int
-
-
.: numtj
.:**::*
i
: srs
.
a
split session
scnedule;
to
repeat
the
process
to
'jet
.
.
in direct proportion
(50% at
the
East
End)
to
the distance
the
ferry ride.
The multi-service center survey
indicates
that
the
drop-out.
would welcome
the opportunity
to
learn marketable vocational
skills;
skills
needed
to
survive
in
a
tourism economy;
ski lis
that would
be
marketable
readily
to
the
island's
second
industry -services
to
continental
retirees.
The
general
population,
the non-disadvantage
-the privileged-
uses
the cultural
facilities
on
St.
Thomas
but
at extreme
inconvenience.
Concerts,
plays,
2
special
events
require owning
a
boat or hiring
an expensive water
taxi.
The Ad
Hoc Committee believes
the entire
island
population will
support and
usn
a
cultural
coirmunity complex
intensively.
Concerts
in
the Cruz
Bay
Par-
.
hi
Id
under
the most difficult and makeshift facilities draw e^ery age
gr
m
the
island.
It would
appear
tnat
ore
hundred percent of
the West
End
resi-
dents
attend
and many
East
Enaers.
! middle and uppermiddle class
adults
are
inconvenienced
by
lack
of
facilities
on
St.
John.
The youth are handicapped,
restricted
by
a
lack of
a
place
to
practice,
to
train,
to perform.
Rehearsal
nails,
for example,
are
in
a
church, when
it does
not conflict
wi th
cnurch activities,
or
a
bar on
the
night
the
bar
is
closed,
an odd atmosphere
for
a
creative youngster
In conclusion:
N
re Is
unanimity
that
a
community center would
be used,
be
He example
of
responsiveness
to
a
real
need
if
a
use permit
is
ten
to make
it
possible
to
start.
'.1
Info:
MS
PU2
3ay Road
.
USVI
00830
••-6571
I
jor
full-time employe
".oo
l
'
•
i
too
eirly
for
ir
. :nool
I
)
)
TASK DIRECTIVE
113
TASK DIRECTIVE
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNITY
AND CULTURAL FACILITIES
FOR
ST.
JOHN,
U.S.
VIRGIN
ISLANDS
Major community
and
cultural
needs
have been establishec
and documented
in
the
"Proposal
by
the Ad
Hoc
Citizens
Planning Committee
of
St.
John"
and
presented
to
the National
Park Service
for consideration
of
a
long
term
use
permit.
It
is
the
intent
of
this
study
to
further document
community
needs,
as
well
as,
investigate potential
sites
inside,
as
well
as,
outside authorized
park
boundaries wnich are capable
of
sup-
porting
the proposed
uses
and
facilities.
In doing
so,
the
study
shall
be responsive
to
the
needs
of
the community
ana
the preservation
and
protection
of
scenic
quality
and
the
natural
resources
of
the
Island's
environment
in accordance with
the
legislative mandate
of
the
National
Park
Service.
In order
to achieve
these goals,
a
three member
task
force
has
been
established
Including one member
representing
eacn
of
the
following
groups;
the citizens
and administration of
St.
John,
tne Virgin
Isla-
Planning
Department,
and
the
National
Park
Service.
Eac.n
re r
:
11
be responsible
for providing
input
from
their respective groups,
as
well
as,
returning
reports
of
task
force progress
to
them.
As
I
..dy
progresses,
meetings
between
the
task
force
and
the repres
am
each
of
these groups
will
be scheduled.
114
The method
of
study will
be developed
1n
the
following
phases;
inventory
and analysis,
preliminary recommendations,
and
alternatives.
INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS
In order
to
substantiate
the recommendations made
at
the
end
Ol
dy,
the
Inventory
and analysis phase will
focus
on
two major areas
which will
Include
but
not
be
limited
to
the
following:
1.
Segment one will
attempt
to document
input
from each
of
the
three
interest groups,
as
presented
by
tneir
respective
task
force member.
will
be
the responsibility
of each
task
force member
to provide
informa-
tion representative
of
their
group
as
part
of
the
final
repor-
a)
Citizens
Committee
-
Establish existing
and
long
term
conr
needs
to
be
served
by
the
proposed
facilities.
b)
V.I.
Planning Commission
-
Establish
regulations
governing
t
proposed
type
of development
as
well
as
investigate possibili-
ties
for obtaining
funds
for
implementation.
c)
National
Park
Service
-
Establish
the
land
use
restrictions
as
set
forth
in
the
legislative mandate,
as
well
as,
investigate
the related
uses
and
facilities
it may have
in common with
the
communl
From
this
body of
information,
a
preliminary
"design program" will
established.
This
program will
include criteria
needed
to design
the
facilities,
I.e.,
scacial
and
use relationships,
inary
space requirements,
and
land
requirements.
In addition,
est:~ated
Impacts
will
be projected
(sewage output,
water consumption,
electrical,
'
•).
115
2.
The second segment of
the
inventory will
attempt
to establish
all
potential
sites
on
the
island of
St.
John,
suitable
for
the development
of
the
proposed
facilities.
In doing
so
a
preliminary
site analysis
will
be prepared
for each,
documenting
the available
natural
resources,
as
well
as,
projecting
the
potential
effects
of development on
the
site.
PRELIMINARY
RECOMMENDATIONS
Upon
the completion
of
the
inventory
and analysis
phase,
preliminary
recommendations
will
be made.
These
recommendations
will
be responsive
to
the
needs
and program requirements
established
in
part one
of
the
inventory and
the
natural
resources
of
the
potential
sites
established
in part
two.
ALTERNATIVES
Based
on appropriate comments
and suggestions
brought
forth during
thi
review
of
the preliminary alternatives,
final
alternatives
will
be
pre-
pared.
In order
to achieve
the established
goals
of
this
study,
it
is
evict
that
the
inventory
segment
1s
of critical
importance.
It would
I
extremely difficult
at
this
time
to develop
all
the
scenarios
wnicn
will
come
forth
from
the
Inventory
and analysis.
However,
it
is
apparent
that
1t will
provide
the justification and direction
foi
alternatives.
Further,
detailed
site
investigation and
imp^
ents
will
neec
|
be prepared
and ongoing
study related
to project
funding and
Implementa-
tlon
should
be established
1n order
to enable
this
project
to become
real
1 ty
.
116
SUPPORT
In order
to accomplish
the
Intended
goals
of
this
study, cooperation
of
the
task
force,
as
well
as,
the participating
Interest
groups
is
impera-
tive.
FINAL DOCUMENTATION
Due
to
the
limited
time,
final
documentation will
be prepared
after
I
representative
of
the
park
service
returns
to
t*e
Denver
Service
Center.
Uoon completion
of
the document,
copies
will
be
furnished
to
the appro-
priate
0'
distribution.
MANAGEMENT
POLICIES
-
at)
118
HVES
A
uo culttll
i
sal
importance
d national parx system aid coo!
- '€1
others
::
:
SI
bene:
.-.
:::.
.
"
-
•
-es are required
to
est;-.
r.e
frare
ea
ese
6e
|
to
be achieved
to
realize
the
park's purpose
::r.ci3te-.:
-
.
* h
service
pol
•>se objectives
are
set
forth
General :^:ter
Plan.
for each park.
Cnce
the
G..".
.
.s
bee.
.1
System officials
/ens
a*.
: hoaxing
*-«
.3
are rade
and
the G.M.P.
is
.
7:.:>
I
dire
-ana-erert of
the area
have
.
•
?rel
| have beer
ed
(latest
..
-
have -ever
•ssed
tc
final acceptance.
7heref:re,
while
•
verr.s
.
.3.
pc"
r nana-^enent
,
treser
-..-'•
:\ZJrge
*-ed
.
-recess:
~^»~?nent
Zcr.es
is
shall
b.
-
re variras
strate.
na.na?enent
an.
j-.«^ea»er
n
•j
park.
.'..--.
.
I la
.
uses.
119
be
desigr-a*ed
for
arv park
-here
ioiirabli
to
LndJea.ta
•-
**o=- a -
-.= ----
how
the
land
:r water will
:e eanagod.
Kanagoseat
toning ';i— erly
ttracd "land
elaiiificatioa"
ia exis-in?
plar.s
thall
rerair.
-.-2l_d
oatil
revised :r
superseded.
l^arim!
lire
-
lards
ar.d vaters
ir.
"his
zcr.e
-ill
be
T=r.a«red
to
ers~Jire
thai
levelcprent-s will
en.-.er be
acser."
:r
l_z_":ed
to
dispersed
recrea-_ir_-
-?r,a genera
:acill-ies,
r-ir
is
picsic
a.reas.
lAt•rprtXiTi
iispl-":.
-""-- mall
rair-~er.ar.ee
s-atior.s
that
ire
essential
::r
r_ar_=*er.er."
.
ise,
and i"rei:a: i:r.
:;
r_a rural
rescirces.
_3~:r.z
Z:r.e
-
7r._s
;ir.e
iacludoi
all
lar.as
rara.*ed irinarily
to
-reserve
SUltural
resources
;r
~.z ::mercrai * historical
10
-.
It rest
:ases.
lar.aa
30
:r el_£ible
:'ir
thi Satioaal EigiitiX
::
SiStoriC
?laCii
-.11
COriC
and
sr-all
aot
bo
rezcred without
::r.rl_uri?
..-.-
thi
Pr
-rsa
DICil
:r.
SiStoriC
"r?ser.'a:::r.
Jo*
'..'.?..
Pt,
._r.
'.ar.ds
BOt
re-
-
bhi :n~ena
::r
1-j-
_-_>.-
.-•
rational
-
r.
_n-
e^etaries Bd
r'.r.er
i ------
:i:ea
.
-
.
.
ray
|
e
zcr.e
.
BBOtlt
La
LI b« thi
liaison
-e<?
r«-
s«r--
L
iatorj
sal
Laos.
-*s
_i
aitod
il
ftav-irea.
ura^«
• *i*?::vt
oio
xrnr.
tii
?r Oiii
;
i
it.
120
7vrx
ray-:.-:---.
-
j
-•>
- I^is
-
til MM
-
--
: * »««•*
'--
)St«Bt
•-••
:-••
:=ar.-..
pcaiti
»
: *'"
*s
ihall
:e
raartrietac'
tha
am]
i ntctHtz;
sssaoda-.t
nquirad
pi
:;=ec:
Bad
LntaMiTl
aM.
ba Ui
-
Midariai
--
-
ItM
lael
:,
-he
par
=
Utitl, a&d MTTlStt.
-.:":>"--?
-
C
-:
•
na
Lacludaa
itara
ta
ba
-sec
.-.-r
lataraata
;*:r purpoaaa
a
sittad la
:
•
:r :iv»L:"e-:
Sanaa.
L:_r
rtMr
--"?.-? ml
op<
r*.
•. r. .;
:r
~rct:
ST Tin !
aabcri:
i
-"._-..
-----
ad
iatazaai
'
I
sropoi
tha
Sational
P
i«
ti
.
eharafoxa,
-.s oaadad
*c
iatagrata
tha
par:
ui
ba!
-
Lsti cd«paad«
pzopoaall
- L12
-a*
it
ira
id la
2
saiAtlaj
taavt
•
-
.-
IPS
-
"
I
IX
"-
planalac
b ~.i;
-
--
sg
....
_-—: TZ2.L
-
)i
in
v)
121
ifp—»]
cooperative plaociag and cccasicnally
:'-.— -
*_
cccrd_~a~ei
_ la~r.irJ~
iy
ce needed
ir. nary areas,
including
rc~
r.c~
liri*ed
~c:
~'r.s prcvisicr
cf
:acil_~ies
and
services
for risitora v::r_*
and
~rc~ec~icr
-n*
~resenva~icr
--
** " ~~
t*?. 1
-t.
~ * ? ~ ~ ~ —**>
~?sc-irces
"revision
ci
~eohr_ical
assisTar.ce
by
r.r.er
i^»r.c:es
~c
"r.e
S&'tlQCAl
? arjC
3 e ^r * c e
~ c
*~ ^ c
~
_ c .a. o e
c ~ a o ara ~ i c r
c i"
I
DJ
I
s
t " a ~
3 -» a
— a
. _ - —
*
~ C
~.~ a _"~ " r. C 5 ~~~. 3
*
m
i2v5l.c~r.2n~
ci" needed
3*2 i ena.1
- ~ ?
- n
1. c cai.
L?^i£la~icn;
stBa^tsant
ot
historic
ns~ric-c;
-.er agencies
rfrthia
thi
"--_:
:~
Ltl
~ J -*- 90
-
:
70
cro'ects
z~
~cl.
122
Ekf
ir»
public
;r::«r.:«s
faxdiBf
USSfm
".
:.»
Qm
-
r
-
..
tajce
bi
to
IhtoIti
tfca
Lfl
_2
thi
plas&laf
9XOC«fll
••
r
*
thi
plamlSfl
;»cisi:r.3
Ma
i^i-'.
~-?
following
K
:ec:
:
.._.__-
Lax
-._-..
—~.i
~C~5
?•::.
-
.
laatiaj
::
InfOXa
".;*
public
U
--
1
..-_" :rz3.~
-...::.
B4
CC
::-V
60
Lif
BCaX&a,
paxtlcuiaz
|
-
--
r:--°T3i2.1
.j-.es.
"-.ei-
._.-.:::
-----
--•
*
IBS
BCad
_z
thi
7
r.
r?.-
Lie
sadia.
:
racord
-.11
:e
.
iM
: _Ofl
.
i
thi
;*.
•»-—
.
- --;
trcros
s
~a
say
Sa
bald
bacva*
-.-•»
BAlt
i i_3 - LjliaaXJ
eiag
taafl
Bd
:°:: j"
'
:"
thi
LsTossatioa
o
Lan, public
c
attxaza
Of
r
at
123
the planning prccess up
to
this point;
present
:::.er alternatives
for
:
-r-
ation;
comment
on
the content
of
the
analysis;
and uncover discussion issues
of
existing or potential
conflict.
Assessments
of Alternativee
-ill
*;e v
for public review for a period of no
less than
3C
days
(SO days
is
recc—r-r.ded)
":rTrl'C
COMMENT
OH ~HZ
BE MT ENVIRONMENTAL
crr «—tvt-»--
The draft
environmental
statement,
when prepared, viU
be
circulated
to the
public
in accordance with Departmental Manual ?=ro
51= SM
2
and applicable
guideline!
Of the Council
on Environmental Quality md
the
"at.crial Pari
Service.
The public will have
the
opportui
bo
provide written comments
on
the draft environmental statemenx
to which the
H
ck Service
-.11
respond
in writing*
Changes
in
the plan and
.ronnental
statement
will be made as appropriate
in light
of public
comments.
The
draft
envircnme;
statement
will be available
for public review for a period
of no
less
t.
US days prior to
a public meeting or an administr:.
Lsion.
:::
:;ai meetings
Public meetings on the plan and
it3
environmental
stater.-
to obtain additional public
comments,
|
rsial
proposals
or public
concerns.
124
:::::::
.-
taoU
j
r.eed»<i
:*:r -a--»^»-«-
,te
..
•
.-. ;
'-
-.
-
M
-
i
-
.en
i:
s:'.«3
m
r.ev
:" |
. ea
ire
r.eec
IXTict
-
LI
.-e
r-?— ••_ :-?s
tfiU
provide
L4CiI.it iti
:':r
_z_i"
: rz3 " i : - a._
.
j
KTQfia&fl
_-.
:ri?r
to
.-.elr
.e
?a_r.:
I&d UfldtrSttfJ
L"
_r.er.-a
-
: -cr.
ire
safad
La
:iri
LatarprttiTt
led
S
-3«
^r_r:s
..-.er?
:r.e"
ire
B01
— :s«.
md
?s.
-
-
r
-
•hart
ZMC%9U*XJ
:e
esc'
Lafors
-:r.
__--
-s.
art -r-
and
n
•
:':r
-r-ras.
::
.
-
125
Only when
it
has
:eer. ae:e~_-.ed thatindoor neiia
ire
reans
zt
crrrr^r.ica'ir^r ii;:r
ele rents
and
that
a central
public
sontaet
poin"
no
— = — «£
~r.e
res*
e::e:'."
e
sxory
Jo
-•"--" 7.a visual
intrusion
uccr. nar3_m_
:r historic
resources.
v.:;::r
ssatexs
-cr:
ra;cr
-ar±
features,
— j
_^2
i~~ rt ~ - ia~ e
a
'"'.ji"cr
c^r.'sr
~
•*
—
•*
-.e
visual
prci-rar.3. 9^.^eur-s
,
visitor
~ ran37cm a*::
Sthex itaTred
-r self-help crc^mrs
necessary
ex~.erier.ee.
1
facilities,
--1
.
...
,,
^_L3~cri:
s~r"-CTc_res
ra"
ce
usee
:cr visitor
:=r."ers
vnss
: :~~
vith
"..-.e:r
:r?ser.-i:;;r.,
~ar>
cur-cse.
and
~..-.-..a»e-.er.-
«'_~i
oolicisfl
en ~rea~ren~
\
~
~ z.
~c e
z ~
**
~ s c c r 1 c
c ~ re - —
• — ^ 3
fc&ao* *
cse
3-rccrcres
ctr.er
tiiaa
'. ~*
• -
— ~
7
creierae_
;
e.~e
:crres~ ending burden
.--.3 i-a":
: - ; 3 e
_n
i-ategcry
la
for
:he
ievelorment
::*
_
isd
serving
..
::r--_-.-_re3
-
r:-.::^::°s
-
ophitheatrei
nay OS pi
.ticna whan
the provision
rnal
_-.:
--c?
.3
ieacracla.
2aa
•
4.
trans
u
e ---
father-
126
•
i
-
• .vsiia
i
proridad
ii-.-^j
road
hta
-
...
iad
-
_z.:.».
t
raaouxoai
D
-":•.
The
-
a
ices
Q
rt
*.h«
^s-aclis.^?:
POTtbtZ
3-1
?ir
•»
Z9Z-
~-r.^
ir-3.
Z,ver«r,
TlXlOUl
J1ll1 —~--
:er-
MCBX —I
"•"*-•?
paxfca,
-acr
D
bhfl
?ol±nxal
pz
:-?"-
BiJi
ay
ppc
.
:"-'.t.3
,
Lecr^res,
pi
KBa£tl
SOdaXB
Ifid
"
-
.
4rtilt-ui-"i:e-cajr^:
-:~^-r-»=3
i_r<?
sacourafad,
as
ar-
.
.-
.
•
D
tht
ths
rta.
r-il:-^ra.i
production!
ind
bthar
rultural
.*a
Boat
:e
:oilSi«tant
/1th
eacr.
_rt:c3e
ir.3
:: !tCtiT«a.
-O—
J - J —
?j
-z
mita
:
tha Rational ?ar^
Syatao
anly
•
-.
C
i-l
.:v-_-_^
:r
-
|
|Z1
-e "
:
-
It
. 3
Lsa 3 3 3 tbli
: r
Lao r-
1
ipt
:he
iCtiTitiai
'
.
zr
-
?s
. :-
:•».
-"ante
_-.
e
tar
.--.
-
.
•
-;r
.
"
Ihi
-
-
:
.
.
".-.e
-
- r
.
127
17.
llararal
?.e scarce Managanaat
National Park Service
plarrrir.* provides
for
zcr.icr*
c:
=11 park
Laa
1 b
one
or all
of fear
1 md
classic, iciacicrs:
raticral
.
r_=tcric
.
:=ri
developr.er.0
ard
special use.
7se
a ~~ A
resource
rara-eerer t
*itr.
r
~~.i~
zones
and
subzcr.es
are
guided by
the
rana-erer.'
policies md
. _rr iad
rot
through
tba claming process.
BESO0BC2 CTHI2ATI0H
as
a general pcl_cy,
"-he
Service
ices
rot
allow
ccrc-crptive
ccilma-
ticr
ci* renewable
cr rcr-rerewable
paxk
rescirces.
Zcwever.
tba
iiversicy
)f paras withm.
the
Syster,
"he
ccccjrrer.ee
c:
right 1
iad
privileges
relating
to
resource uses
ccrtmuicig iron pricr
to
!
est ab li thrcer t
z z
c erram
c aras
sreciiic
c re '•"! s
~ cr s
z ^
_
• -~
i^ a
'
*~
fld JBaaa^aoant
reeds
reoyiire
excepticrs
and rcdic icat _cns
:*cr
"re
raravenerit
c:
the
Zyster.
Vhere
ccr.sur-pc ive uses
are pemttei
law,
and wrere
it
car be
demonstrated
that
trey
are
i et rarer ta_
ere purpose
cf
a para,
the
Service
will
racOSBOSd
thatr
lliad
-
~ a -
-
- o
,
curt ai later t
,
cr rcd_iicat icr
thJOUajfa
"re
1 .»_ c~_j.". _
; recess.
Ei3ttnc
2:r.-s
res,
--
r_g
iascr.atrat
ms
,
ire remit
Ci
they
a
at
razxad
I
g
tha
:.
.
e prmc.ral
mtarpr*-
:s«a.
128
rlBf
:e
HM,
ire
;
I
|
_...
.
-
.
;~.
.
'
.
•
--.
•
-
. :es ray
ze
. eve
leases
tGial
--erer.t
rs
_
- armJ
tout
-;ez:er.'
lad
"reser-
•
-
-..:-
.,
religious,
BMtiSj
:r.
BJ
-
.res."
:es
are
;
-
Lblt
-.
.
bhi
:r
BfcZ?
"he area
rescur-e.
They
BUVt
:
use
c:
the area
lod BUSt
- id
IXI
«:* r_^:ur^z
V
tt.
The
tC
zee'.ir.' —
ll v rtlig
*
--
-
"
r
p«ZBitS.
:
C
L
"
C
spatiblt
the
priaax;
a>
.
:
EMSt
-
-
-
129
"Z.
V.'iliemess Preservation
^r:d
!'.ar-a<rere:".~
This section not
=.pplicahle
Sua
to
7.I.H.P.
not
:e_r_5
iesigr.a-red
= s
a wilderness
area.
7H.
Tse
of
tha rark
tze:
:;ai:::;ai PARK SERVICE
IS
3IARGEE WITH PBOVTDIHG PQH THE EBJOY-
MSBT,
appreclat::::,
akd OHDERSTAKDIBG
? park
EQ
rA£0ES
BY tzz PBQPIB:
*~z :::~
Liz::-
USES
JU WPUB PARK
BE
-
DBCEE
SB
EHEIH EBJ JYMEHT
BY.
VISITORS:
ARE WTB VISITOR PROTECT]
a:~
SA1ETT.
The
Service's mandate
require8
that
it
carefully
plan
ta
use
of tha parks
so that par.< resources
are perpetuata
.
nair.tamed
ur.1np2.1red
::r
"he
anjoyment
>f
futura
generational
Thus,
"he
lir.i*s
1
Lnds
:i
use
are
circunscri-ed
by
r a cu_rere:.
:
resource aanagesent
ar.d protection!
7se
of
the
Ka1
-
tea
-3
esser.t
resource
cased but
is
not
BJ -
run
adverse
_npact,
pas
re
ir.f:me:
irkS 1
r.eei help
park
riait,
accepta:
I
appr
3.
-".e and
reg-uiat#
app
.:e
park
use.
:•
.
of a
luatananoe,
ar..:
130
^rans
ir.d
per:':r=
s,
arts
ard
crofts,
totohlaf
-
:
-
and other
it
are
deai^r.ed
to
•ir.ee
of
the
- are M
er.
:rt
_-.
.-r:r-
lt
3ite-r°l.i:ed
resc\irce
:r thece
identified
ir.
ar.
b.
Xatoxpxol
cop]
r
rear.3
:
ling
Lntoxpx
3.
-
.
Lntoxpz
i
pres-
ontall
ipoc
re:'; re.
tfh«B
..
11
:e
r.e
:e
ss.?*
for
PAS
ost
sooply
-
fcioo
sa.
-
r
ii
Latoxpxvtlaf
thi
il
aceuxa
la
L io
baoi
ct
r imc
-
"r°3 •
LM of
:r
rmrj?
I
It zeets
"
P&4
_r.
.
-.1
ocr.sister.t
writh
the
Zervice's policy,
and
_r.
all
rases
the
creser.taticr. —ist
be
conducted
ir.
a
~.?nr.er
that
::::-?:":
the
resources
ircr
3 Bfflagoe
or destruction.
-
lar*e-scale,
ccrplex
reer.actrer.ts
.
especially
>i
ittles.
are
not permitted.
Ar. evaluation
of possible
ibrpact
::
present rt i ;rs
an
criminal
nistcric
objects will
be rade by
cua-_:_rb
ore: ess. trials
,
accurate reproductions "111
be
substituted
-henever
:.-.ere
is
my si^ii leant
ccssibl_-y
ri
-ear,
breakage,
or
theft.
?reser.".i:::ns
iesi^r.ed
to
:ea:r.
:r
it.^rruue
r recrea-
tional
skills
or le_sure
tire acitivities
should
be
limit
.
t.ccse
activities
relevant
to
the
resources
or
tr.eres
"he
area;
should
.r.clide
safety
ard
erer^encv creraredress
LcXozaatiOO
^err-ar.e
to
that
BCtivil
:
srculd
re
ier
gp
to
help riniruze possible
_rpac"s
rr.
the
resources
-
.
result
:'r:o
that
activity.
—« r- » — -"• r- \ -> »""* Tf
« -
—— ™—
.
-
-
LeveBOSt
rr
the
Service
o
rui_
riuniire
:i
resource
ores*-
.:
iependent
rs
towi
r.e way
In v]
es
ar.duses
:
roes.
. :s
the
•
•
-
-
n
the
learn,
at
the
rent,
liBfle
•
cov
f
irpacta.
j
-«
eet
• use
ind cubage
the
resources
-
:iris,
the
-
132
l assists
|
tad
«duca
?ir
er.
^ra=3
aa
7'r.
-
The
::at—r^al
Eta
CM
B
-
Eht
-
.
3D*1
Ir.v
ital
Sd
—-
-
•
. ix
tht
t,
Inmost
7t
3
?.!.-
.
be
er.ccura.-ed
I
to
thi
nar-a^e-en-
:
:"
tht
~a_r..
--ree^e^t
,
^ccperatir-s
ass
cell
last e
j
.
i ,
thai
relaze-
to
tht
mdtrtttUDdJj
—— -
The
.' "•
g
l
cr.cse
r?cr?a:
-
a to |
- r i
•
r
I
!
133
C
~"~ a J o
outdoor recreate cral
i3ti" r ities which
2.1*9
r.ct
r.5;?3;3.ril"
dependent upon pari resources
fcr their realization,
and which
ic
not
constitute
traditional
:r
raatonary park uses,
ray be
ce:rru."ed when
-hey
io
no*:
interfere with normal pari usage;
constitute
a
sansanptive :cm
c;
use;
::~ror_se
the hsiccne
cr na-ural
scene;
:r
present
=
darjrer
to
the
puclic veliare
and
S3.i~-y,
mclui_nc
safety of
the
participants.
Such
recreat icnal use3
shall
ce
*cverr.ed
as
follows:
1.
The
tire
and
; -ice
::r
cue-
cies
shall
:e
ccr.:rc._
;
permit
1:
necessary,
:c
avoid)
ir.ur:_r«;erer.t
apoo
the
enjoyment md
r:«r.:s
jf
..er
par.-:
visitors;
-ra::'.
|S8tion|
m.;ury
to
r.cr.par~
-~e
*::
proparl
liar-option
it
r.cr-ral
park
cperat icns;
unwarranted
risk
bo participants
iue
tc
lack
of
qual
ther,
rs
2.
Special
areas
lad
be
la
ese
a.
-••
isss«
Mian
:rs
-Lay
be
r-
1
Area
uses,
-
has bean letec
-.-.
3 a
ru:
•
- & real
bodi]
*« ?•"
•
•.-.a****
*-n
ar.
134
aetlYitj
.
zay
all
-.-...•
r- _z:\_rr _-.*;
-..-.•
"-..•»:
Statai
:":r
s«a.rtr..
res:_e.
lad
r»-
~il_:.e:i
7 ere -.---.el
::
assv^re
-.-.at
Tr.ese
±39t
12
..-
_
_
thf
::rr
r
. -
-
-
I
ran
r-e
:r
:.-.e
:er.
-i*;rs.
..-.•
_.
:ec
r
' _.
--
LptBtt,
"
I :
- r
ere
:
-
:
::r:;r:
- pan
:a.':le
ad
ictiisaact
iris e-^rsf;
:•
-
le
"—I"
-ZZ.~ LZ~3
.
er-.er.iei
tC
:?^.".
thi
-=e
::'
rthidt
zz~.
-reser
-ed
LOU
DE7
:e
pxOBUlf
e
".-.ese
-ses.
_r.
!
~
-
ia
recreat.
CJU
pasXS,
-
st
_r.
:r.e
.zl
2apitaJ
r-.s
_3
»
sab]
~
:f
•,
as
-.:_•---:
..-.ese
.
-1
l_z^-»d
-::
135
Softball,
scccer,
stic.<: hcc>ey,
et:.
.
r-:l;h
taenia,
cairirt :n
.
tad
if fir-
board.
These
activities ray
ce provided
:cr
_r.
so&bination vith
';.e'.'e.;;e:
areas,
visaing areas,
:r ether
ir.ter.sive use
areas,
er ray
be provided
separate.
h activities
will
be provided
only
tc
the
extent
that
they
are
not
-r.ecn-
letent vith
the prcteecier
arc perpetuation
:.
natural
:r historic
features
it
an area,
ind
io
not
interfere vith rcrral
park use.
Hist:. re
icr.es vith
sizable
areas
of
span readcv
lane. ray
3.:: :n:;i:
ptl
ind
--tivities where no
facilities
are
required
and vhera
such use
I
net
irpair the
hiatoric
er.vircrner.t
:r interfere vith
tha
let
appreciat.cn
: f
the hiatoric
rescurces.
Llitiei
fir
>utd
r sports
are generally
Ln&ppropri&ta
In
a
~.es
it
ray
:e
creviced
en
a rcdest
scale
....
rlley
call
ireas
,
unispx
cal
-
Lda,
etc.,
_n
COimi
biOO
•
-
education facilities.
LEGISLATION AND AGREEMENTS
Public Law 925
CHAI'TFM
Autuit
2, IVS6
AW ACT
13/
' u
'^
a •
' HI
To authorize
ibe
eatabllatuaMrt
ol
the
Virgin
I».lnmls
National
ot!
•
He
it crujrttd by
the ScmiU ami
f]
f the
vir c in uundt
Unit
a
in Coiurn
'. That
a portion of
Natlon.1 Park.
...
.,
'.
-
,
..
.
the \ irrrni Island* of the
I
luted Mates,
inin^ outstanding;
lid
other
features
of
nnl
gnifirance,
shall
be
e>>fabli~
prescribed in s
'Virgin Ii
National
A* rainlitr««l©n.
fhu
lll'.tioiill]
p.llk
-
idlllini.-'
retary of the Interior
i:. its natural condition for the public
:.nd
inspiration, in accordance with the laws governing the sdminisl
39st.t.
53$.
of the national parks (1<
[7.S
CMditteM
ind
Sec.2.1
ryofthelnl
.
is herebv auth<
the following conditions and
...
he shall rind to U-
iry
in the
establishnv
nal Park
The acreage of
I
Lioual park shall
h** limited to • total of
n<
than
nine thousand
•
total
to be comprised of not more
:i the
is
Saint Thomas,
t moreftluu
I kousaud
four hnndi
• .jhty-iive additional acres to
of
.Saint John and such small
of five hundred
leral vicinity thereof as ma;
I
fui
•
. n within the
(b) Tentative exterior boundary
lines, to include land not
in
i".
of the aforesaid
i
be selected for
I
order to establ
particular an
rhich lai
re
i
•
pursuant
to
this
A.
:.
sui b tenl
mndarii
adjusted as may
1*j necessary by
t!
-
try of the Inter
(c) The Secretary.
to accept
d<
t reel and
personal
d for the park until such time
1
I total of
five bundi
United States, and he may also ac.
.;r-
B of this Act
Any Federal properties situated uith:-
the
park,
such prop,
•
i sudi
•
<u!d be
park, may be transferred with
ther ami
tan
ncy for pun
Estal
ent
(Catioi
.
'
i
..
tn:l
]>li
i
e( r
>
for purposes ol
n
-hen
a minimum ncr
not
.m
five
tllOU
of this Ad
. quired fund
and
Public tnon
Ui
rK -
bi
I by this A
I
Appropriation.
fun
Is a
lualh
foi
:
u
I
138
DC
»
Vl-.
.
»jlmhj[
ii
i
providing
foi
i!.<' cslabii; lumiil of tho Yirpn
I stands National
I'aik.
It U9C Ml.
!
!
!
nlv
r of
!<•(
1
I
n.it
pur
".
Uiird
call
in
i
t A.
•
)
:
itely
0.1.°, mile to
]>oint
longihi
minutes 10 s*o
<
•
I
)o:I-
I
.
Virgin
of tltc
1
t John
139
Soon OmnuMZ Ant.v
Beginning at
the
hereinafter
lettered
point
L.
u
concrete bound
|/Oit on the shore of Drunk Bay marking
;i northeasterly
cur:
the Virgin
Islands
S
boundary
;ii sltown on
the said
drawing numbered XP-YT-7
the noi
of parcel numbered I, etd ate Concordia
A
.
ls delineated on the Leo
R. Sibilly, civil engineer, drawing
lilc numbered C0-11V-T55.
From
the
initial
poiut
!..
in nautical mil
courses between
the
licreiiiafter
lettered
joints
:it
.
lions (latitudes north, longitudes
\\>
Eastward
approximately
OJfcJ
mile
lo
jKjint
M.
krtirndi
minutes
:mies
50 seconds
.
iel
;
0.88 mile to jioint
N. latitude
If
longitude G4 degrees 41 m in
U.4'J mile to point O. latitude U
longitude 04 degrees 42 mini
$ miles to point P, latitude
1
longitude 04 deg
1.74 miles to point Q, latitude
longitu
.
0.4S mile to point
ii. latitude
I
-
longitude
I
•
15 minute
. bay;
.rd approximately
0.08
mil<
S
o of
Fish
Bay,
Park,
aa
delineated
on
said
drawing
nun
ei
NP-VI
being
the
northwesterly
corner
of
parcel numbi
J
, Bay. numl
-minus
r,
I
•
d
course
"tfOUl
1,178.9
feet"
:i-
I on
tin
draw
Thence running
along the
i
icrly
park bounda
Sunt
.!•
g numbered Nl'-Yl-
to point
I..
The
and wate
National
1'... :
pursuant
to thi
Lion by
>f the Act of A
amended and supple
Within the bo u
...
pur*
.
rued U
I
hill
'
•
I4C
f7!
I
Cho;)'
r I—Notionol
fail;
.
Dcpt.
In!.
'/ 7 75
. ItUndl National Park.
(A)
con
p-
wa*
. ma '.'.or.
any
.
-
r
-
to
..
iter
(2)
:
unc
unc
(b)
'
telaf,
ex.-
.
atr
-
•. or
(c>
tPrwkt.
hnil dc
:
per
brr
:
placi
-
i
r
-
(4)
All ve?^r
am:
.
(e)
other n
.
he:
.
*
-
txnd of
:
.
ar.Q
(5'
:
!oa o!
bcuriw. !"iv*3 of
l
(3)
as r
(TU.O
Jr.ay be
I
-
...
it one to"
1"
-.
-
-
141
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF
ThE
INTERIOR
National
Park Service
The College
of
the Virgin
Islands
Virgin
Islands
Ecological
Research Station
Memorandum of Agreement
WHEREAS,
the Act
of August
25,
1916,
39
Stat.
535
and
nwcirtw
thereto,
16
USC
I
(1964),
declares
that
the
National
Park
Service
promote and
regulate
the
use
of
the
Federal
areas
known
as
national
parks, monuments,
and
reservations
by
such means
and measures
as
conform
to
the
fundamental
purpose
of
the
parks, monuments,
and
reservations,
which
purpose
is
to conserve
the
scenery
and
tne
natural
and
histor
objects
and
the wildlife
therein
and
to
provide
for
the
enjo;.
f
tht
same
in
such manner
and
by
such means
as
will
leave
them un-npaired
for
the enjoyment of future generations;
and
WHEREAS,
the
Service
has
a
site
fcr
the establishment of an
ecological
research
station
in
Virgin
Islands
National
Par-
htrtlntfttr
known
as
the
Park)
and
a
foreseeable
need
for extensive ecological
and
other
natural
scientific
research within
and
in
the
vicinlt
I
:ne
Park;
and
142
WHEREAS,
such
research
performed
1n
or
1n
the vicinity
of
the
Park whether performed
and
financed
by
the College
of
the Virgin
Islands
or performed
and/or
financed
by other persons
or
Institutions,
will
valuable
and
necessary
for
the management
and
Interpretation of
natural
resources
contained
In
the
Park;
and
WHEREAS,
the College
of
the Virgin
Islands
(hereinafter
known
as
the College)
through
its
Virgin
Islands
Ecological
Research
Station
(hereinafter
known
as
the
Station),
has
or
is
able
to obtain qualified
personnel
to conduct
such
research
as may
be desirable
and
necessary
-
and
in
the vicinity of
the
Park and
is
in
search
of
a
location
where
such
research
can
be conducted
under
as
nearly
as
possible
natural
ecological
conditions,
such
as
are
found
in
the
Park;
and
WHEREAS,
it appears advantageous
to
the United
States
to
enter
into
an agreement with
the College
in order
to
facilitate
thi desirable
research;
NOW,
THEREFORE,
in consideration of
the mutual
covenants
herein-
after
set
forth,
the parties
hereto agree
as
follows:
143
Article
I.
The College agrees
to:
(a)
Establish
a
high quality
field
station
from which work
in
the areas
of basic
and applied
research,
education,
and
conservation
can
be accomplished.
Caribbean marine
anc
terrestrial
environments
are considered
to
be equally
important;
and
(b)
Provide
a
laboratory building
or buildings
and associates
facilities
and
utilities
to
be
located according
to Service
Master
Plans
for
the
Park and constructed
to exterior
j
and
specifications
acceptable
by
the
Service;
and
assumes
responsibility
for
the maintenance and
upkeep of
the
building(s),
adjacent grounds,
other facilities
and
utili-
ties
thus
provided,
which
shall
be
in
keeping with
Service
standards;
and
(c)
Encourage
use
of
the
Station,
to
the
limits
of availa:
space,
by
students,
graduate
students,
university
ir
tors
and
professors,
and other qualified
researcn
personnel,
in
order
to enhance
the accumulation of knowledge concerning
the
natural
environments,
ecosystems
and
species
zf
I
Virgin
Islands
area;
and
(d)
Make Station
facilities available
for
research
purposes
without
regard
to
the organizational
or
institutional
affiliations
of research
personnel,
but with
regard
project
Importance
and
value
1n
the
Station's
research
program
as
the primary criterion;
and
144
(e)
Publish
the n
of such
Investigations
as
promptly
as
possible within
the dictates
of sound scholarship
and
t
provisions
of
such contracts
as may
be entered
Into between
the College
and
the
Ser. ice
for
specific
Investigations;
and
(f)
Provide
the Service with
copies
of
any
published
and
unpublished
reports
resulting
from Investigations;
and
(g)
Collect
specimens,
for
research
or other purposes,
1n
con-
formance with
Service
rules
and
regulations,
Mhtfl
s-
collections
are made within
the
Park;
deposit
normally
shall
be
at
the
Station,
but
special
consideration
for
I
jse
and disposition
of
specimens may
be obtained
by written
specifications
on
collection
permits
or
by
subsequent
written
authority;
and
(h)
"ake available collections maintained
at
the
Station
for
on-site
inspection
by other
researchers
and
Service
person-
nel
;
and
(1)
Maintain discipline
of
students,
employees,
visiting
research
personnel,
and
others
associated with
the Station,
so
that
normal
operations
of
the
Park will
not
be hampered,
and
so
that
there
is
full
compliance with
Service
and
Park
rules
and
regulations
contained
in
Title
36 of
the Code
of
Federal
Regulations,
including
prohibitions
against
the
introduction
of exotic organisms
into
the
Park,
and
against
145
destruction
or alteration of Park
landscapes,
biota,
and
ecosystems,
unless
such
introductions
or alterations
receive
prior written authorization
from
the
Service;
and
(j)
Furnish
to
the Service
upon
request administrative and/or
financial
records
concerning
the operation of
the Station;
and
(k)
Comply with
the
terms
of Section
202
of
Part
II
of
Executive Order
11246 dated
September
24,
1965,
which
is
attached
hereto
and made
a
part of
this agreement,
in
the
performance of work
under
this
agreement
and
any
supple-
mental
agreements which may result
from
this
agreement
(substituting
the word
"college"
for
"contractor").
146
'cle
II.
The Service agrees
to:
(a)
Assign
a development
site
1n
the lameshur Bay area
of
the
Park,
1n accordance with
the
Park Master
Plan,
for
the
con-
struction of
the
initial
Station
facility;
and assign
an
additional
site
or
sites
1n
the
Park,
as
appropriate
to
the
needs
and
best
interests
of
and with
the concurrence
of
parties
hereto,
in accordance with
the Master
Plan,
for
future Station development
and
facilities,
such
as
laboratory
buildings,
dormitory
for
temporary
personnel,
museum
and
storage
facilities,
caretakers
quarters,
fish
pens
for research
purposes,
etc.;
and
(b)
ResDect
and
recognize
long-term ecological
studies
con-
ducted
by
the
Station
by
identifying
in
the
Park Master
Plan mutually acceptable
study
plots
within
the various
aquatic
and
terrestrial
ecosystems
of
the
Park
and
Buck
Is'and
Reef National
Monument;
and
(c)
Allow
the Station
reasonable
use
of
Service dock fad li-
es
in
the
area
of
the
Station;
and
(d)
Make available
to
the College,
for on-site
use,
the
refer-
ence materials
contained
in
the
Park
library;
or
for off-
s
;
-
I
at
the discretion
of
the Superintendent;
and
(e)
Make existing
Service
structures
available,
on
a
reasonable
cental
basis,
for
use
by
the Station
at
the discretion
of
M
Park
Superintendent;
and
147
(f)
Make available
to
the College,
at
the discretion of
the
Superintendent, maintenance
services
and
facilities
including
equipment,
for purposes
related
to
the operation
of the Station,
on
a
reasonable
rental
basis;
and
(g)
Provide
for
the
normal
collection of garbage
and
refuse
in
conjunction with
such
services
as
otherwise may
be estab-
lished
in
the general
area
of
the
Station;
unless
such
garbage or refuse
is
of
such
nature or volume
that requires
undue
hardship
to
the
Park collection
facilities
or
employees,
in which case
the Superintendent may
impose
a
collection
fee,
at
a
rate commensurate with
the additional
services
rendered.
148
Article
III.
It
1s
further mutually agreed
between
the parties:
(a)
Additional
contracts between
the Service and
the College
may
be entered
Into
under
this
agreement
for
natural
sciences
research
and
surveys
that
are pertinent
to
the
management,
protection,
and/or
interpretation
of
natural
resources
in
Virgin
Islands
National
Park,
Buck
Island
Reef
National
Monument,
and
ether Service-administered
areas
1n
the Virgin
Islands
area,
or
for
such other studies
as may
be deemea desirable
by
both
parties;
(b)
In
the studies,
research,
surveys
and
investigations
car-
ried
on
under
this agreement
the College
is
not restricted
to
the
Park or other Service-administered
areas,
because
the general
purpose
is
to
add
to
the
knowledge concerning
the
natural
resources
of
the Virgin
Islands
area;
(c)
The College may
invite,
or contract
(at
no cost
to
tre
Service)
with,
individuals
or
institutions
to
carry
on
associated
studies
in disciplines
other
than
tne
na*
.
sciences,
to
further
these
studies,
subject
to
the concur-
rence of
the
Service;
(d)
All
research
proposed
to
be conducted
upon
lands
or
in
waters
administered
by
the
Service ^ust
be approved
by
I
Service,
as
outlined
in
the
Service's
Natural
Science:
: esearch Handbook
or subsequent guidelines,
prior
to
tne
initiation
of
such activities;
149
(e)
A
Board
or Committee
shall
be established
by
the College
or
Station
to give broad direction
on matters
of research
policy and orientation,
and
operating
policy,
for
the
Station.
A representative
of
the
Service
shall
be appointed
by the Director
of
the
National
Park
Service
to membership
on
such
Board
or Committee;
(f)
No member of
or delegate
to
the Congress
or
resides:
commission
shall
be admitted
to
any
share or
part
of
this
agreement
or
to
any
benefit
that may arise herefrom;
(g)
Nothing
in
this
agreement
shall
be construed
as obligating
either party hereto
in
the expenditure of
funds
or
for
the
future payment of money
in excess
of appropriations
authorized
by
law;
(h)
The United
States
does
not
by
reason
of entering
into
the
agreement assume any
liability
for
injury
or damage
to any
Derson
or property
incident
to
or arising during or
in
con-
sequence
of
the
use,
occupancy
or enjoyment
by
the College
of
the premises
or
facilities
used
or administered
by
the
College
under
the
terms
of
this
agreement;
(1)
Nothing
contained
herein
shall
be construed
as
limiting or
affecting
in
any way
the authority
of
the
Director,
'ial
Park
Service,
in connection with
the administration and
pro-
tection
of
the
lands
under
the administration
of
the
Service
in accordance with
the
purpose
for which
it was
acqulr?
150
(j)
The College and
the
Service will
render reasonable mutual
assistance
In emergencies
that may occur during
the
tenure
of
this
agreement;
(k)
Upon dissolution
of
the
Station,
specimens collected
from
within
the
Park
and
stored
at
the Station, will,
at
the
option
of
the
Service,
become
the
property
of
the
Park,
unless
the
Station
has
received
prior written notification
allowing
the
removal
of
said
specimens
from
the
Park;
(1)
The
Station
or
the College
(or
the Government of
the Virgin
Islands,
in
the event
of
the dissolution
of
the Station)
shall
have
the
right
to
remove
structures
erected
by
thi
Station
upon
termination
of
use
or
upon
termination
of
the
agreement;
provided
that
such
structures
are removed within
two
(2)
years
of such
terminations,
after which
time
the
Structured )
will,
at
the option
of
the National
Par-
Service,
become
the property
of
the
U.
S.
Governmer*
.
unless
the
removal
of
said
structures
is
subject
to
a
pricr
agreement;
after
the
removal
of
such
structures
by
the
Station,
the
Station must assume
the responsibility
for
restoring
the
site,
as
nearly
as
possible,
to
its
pre-
structure condition.
Service
shall
issue SDedal
use
perr.its
to
the College
,se
of
the
land
for
the
n
and
the College
agrees
to
follow
all
of
the tens
and conditions
of
the
use
rwtts;
151
(n)
This
agreement
shall
become effective
upon
the date of
approval
by
the parties
hereto and
shall
remain
in
force
for
a
period
of twenty
(20)
years,
except
that
it may
be
terminated
prior
to
that
time
in
the event
that:
1)
The College's
neea
for
the above-described
Station
for
research
purposes
terminates
prior
to
the elapse
of
twenty
(20)
years,
or
2)
provisions
of
this
agreement
are
violated,
or
2)
the parties
hereto mutually
con-
sent
to termination;
(o)
This agreement may
be amended
by
the mutual
agreement of
the parties
hereto
and may
be extended
beyond
the
twenty
(20)
year period
by
the written agreement
of
the parties
hereto.
152
IN WITNESS WHEREOF,
the parties
hereto have
hereunto subscribed
their names
and affixed
their
seals
this
1st
day
of
November
19
66
.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
by
/s/
Frank
R.
Givers
THE COLLEGE OF
THE
VIRGIN
ISLANDS
by
(signature
rot
legible)
Two Witnesses
as
to:
The College
of
the Virgin
Islands
(signature
not
legible)
'si^natjre
not
legible)
153
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT
OF THE
INTERIOR
NATIONAL
PARK SERVICE
The College
of
the Virgin
Islands
Virgin
Islands
Ecological
Research
Staticn
Memorandum
of Agreement
Amendment Number
1
This Memorandum
of Agreement dated
November
1,
1966
is
hereby amended
due
to
the
increased
facilities
in
operation
at
the Virgin
Islands
Ecological
Research Station
located
at Lameshur
Bay,
St.
John,
U.S.
Virgin
Islands.
Now,
Therefore,
in consideration
of
the mutual
covenants
hereinafter
set
forth,
parties
hereto agree
to
these amendments
as
follows:
Article
I
The College agrees
to:
(g)
Add
at end
of paragraph:
collection
permits,
required
fzr
research,
shall
be
issued
by
the Superintendent,
National
Park
Service
to
Individuals
only
and
not
for group collecting.
(1)
Provide
for
the
normal
collection of garbage
and
refuse
in
the general
area
of
the
station.
Disposal
of garbage and
refuse
must
be made outside of
the boundaries
of
the Virgin
Islands
National
Park.
Article
II
The Service
agrees
to
:
(g)
Delete paragraph
for garbage collection
by
the
Kit
al
Park
Service.
154
Article
II!
It
1s
furthe r
, *^11
agreed
between
the parties
:
(m)
Delete paragraph:
A
special
use permit
1s
not
necess^*
and
this memorandum of agreement
1s adequate
for
the purpose
Intended.
Exceot
for
these changes
1n
this amendment
all
provisions
in
the basic
>randum of Agreement dated
November
1,
1966
shall
remain
in
effe
[fl
-.' t^ess
wnereof,
the Darties
hereto
have
hereunto
subscribed
their
names
and affixed
their
seals
this
10th
day of
February
1970.
The United
States
of America
by
(signature
not
'ecisie,
The College of
t n e
Virgin
Islands
by
^
(s^at-re
rot
'eglble)
witnesses
as
to:
The College of
the Virgin
Islands
(signature
not
legib'
[gnoture
-:t
iegit
155
BILL
No.
1562
FOURTH LEGISLATURE
OF THE VIRGIN
ISLANDS
OF THE UNITED STATES
Regular Session
1962
Act Accepting
and Authorizing
National
Park
Service
Participation
in
the
Building
and Maintaining
Public
Roads
in
St.
John,
Virgin
Islands.
WHEREAS
the
lack
of decent
roadways
has
teen
and
continues
to
be
one
of
the major deterrents
to
the economic
growth
and development of
the
island
of
St.
John;
and
WHEREAS
the National
Park Service
has
informed
the Governor
of
the Virgin
Islands,
by
letter dated October
26,
1961,
that
it will
improve
and maintain
the following
public
roads
in
St.
John:
(1)
the
North Shore
Road
from
the park boundary at Cruz
Bay
to
the
intersection
of
said
road with
the Center
Line
Road
at
King
Hill;
(2)
the
spur
road
to Annaberg
and Mary
Point;
(3)
the
Bordeaux
Road;
(4)
the Lameshur Road
from
Park boundary
to Lameshur;
and
(5)
the
East
End
Road
from Park
boundary
at
Coral
Bay eastward
to
the
East boundary of
the Park
and
to
cooperate
fully
to
the
end
that
all
private properties
have passatle
road access,
wherever
necessary,
to
the aforesaid public
roads;
and
WHEREAS
the undertaking
by
the
National
Park
Service
to
improve
and maintain
the
roadways
specified
is
hereby
recognized
as
a
substan-
tial
financial
benefit
to
the government
of
the Virgin
Islands;
Now,
therefore
BE
IT
D
by
the Legislature of
the Virgin
Islands:
SECTION
1.
The Legislature
of
the Virgin
Islands
hereoy
accepts
the offer
of
the
National
Park
Service
to
improve
and maintain
the
following
named public
roads
in
St.
John:
the North
Shore,
Annaberg
and
Mary
Point,
Bordeaux,
Lameshur
and
East
End
Roads
and
the
said
National
Park
Service
1s
hereby
authorized
to
proceed
to make
Improve-
ments
to
said
roads
1n accordance with
the
following conditions:
156
All
road
Improvement plans
Initiated
by
the National
Park
Service
shall
be
first
submitted
to
the Commissioner of
the Department
of Public
for approval
before
the particular
road
improvement
project
1s
commenced.
B.
All
road
Improvement plans
for
the North
Shore
and
East
End
Roads
shall, where
the
topography of
the
terrain permits, meet
the
minimum construction
specifications
as
to materials, width
of
road,
depth
of
roadbed,
curbs,
drains
and
culverts
as
set
by
the Department
of
Public
Works
or
any applicable
law existing
at
the commencement
of
any
road
Improvement
project.
SECTION
2.
Nothing contained
in
this
Act
shall
be construed
as
conveying
title
or any other proprietary
interest
in
and
to
the
afore-
said
roadways
to
the National
Park Service
nor
as
transferring
control
and jurisdiction
to
the
National
Park
Service.
The roads
Involved
herein
shall
retain
their character
as
public
roads.
The Government
of
the Virgin
Islands
retains
title
to
said
roads
as
well
as
Its
usual
rights with
respect
to public
thoroughfares,
s-:-
ject
only
to
the rights
herein conferred
upon
the
National
Park
Service.
SECTION
3.
The Commissioner of
the
Department
of
Public
Works
"ereby authorized,
when called
upon,
to cooperate
fully with
the
National
Park
Service
1n
road design
and
planning
and
in
such other ways
as may
be
feasible,
1n
order
to
facilitate any public
road
improvement
project undertaken
by
the
National
Park
Service pursuant
to
the author
contained
herein.
SECTION
4.
Should
any provision
of
this
Act
be
in conflict with
any provision
of
any
ether
presently existing
law,
the provisions
of
snail
take precedence during,
but
only
during,
such
time
a.
be
required
for
the
improvement of
the
roads
or
parts
of roads
re f erred
to
1n
Section
1
of
this Act.
SECTION
5.
This Act
shall
become effective
upon
approval
of
the
Governor
of
the Virgin
Islands.
Thus
passed
by
the Legislature
of
the Virgin
Islands
on January
10,
19*
157
Witness
our
Hands
and
the
Seal
of
the Legislature
of
the Virgin
Islands
this
10th
Day
of January,
A.
D.,
1962.
/s/ WALTER
I.
M.
HODGE
President
/s/
JOHN
L.
MADURO
Legislative
Secretary
The above
Bill
is
hereby
sanctioned
and
approved.
Witness my
hand
and
Seal
of
the
Government of
the
Virgin
Islands
of
the United
States
at Charlotte
Amalie,
St.
Thomas
This
24
day
of
Jan.
A.D.
,
19
62
/s/
Ralph
M.
Paiewonsky
Governor
158
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
VIRGIN
ISLANDS
NATIONAL
PARK
Recommended
by:
^s'
Harry O'Sryant
7/29/71
Acting Superintendent
Date
Approved
by
^
.
71
(signature
not
legit
3a te
Acting
Director,
Southeast Region
NEWSPAPER ARTICLE
160
Hodge's determination offers I
protection for St. John lands
"
d ST
THOMAS
LP!) -
The.
Hodge
<hinng
debate,
request*
<* the large number of viator*
i
.#>t«r-nination
of
Senator at-
the
National
Park
Service
to
to
the
part,
the
iarge
bold;
»
^rra CJeone Creque Hodge
led
review
its
present
land
use
f
th«
park
preclude
furthef
'
-ffe> unaamuui
legislative
sup-
policies
in
order
to
restore
commercial
development
thu»
•
Wort
for her
bill
expressing the
some
of
the
traditional
land
eroding
the
property
tax bajgO
•pinion
of
the
people
of
St
thai
no
further
areas
of
that
islaad
should
be added
(o
IJM
Virgin
Island^
National
Hodge's
bill,
which
passed
10
wiuV one
senator
abstain-
i
requests m
a
resoiut on
to
she
sent
to
ate
National Put
JBtrvice and
jpproc.njie
ederal
gpgavcies.
that land acquired on
John
*(op
\n
amendment
added
bv
1
use*
that
are now
restricted
The
senator
pointed
out
that
national park boundary
restnc
tiona
have
prohibited
residents
from
harvesting
bush
tea.
coconuts and
traditional
native
vegetables
Hodge
also- noted
that
while
of
the
large
holdings
of
•
the taxpavers
of St
Johiv must
park,
property
values
on
th#>
bear
the
burden
of the
in-
island
have
escalated
to
I a
creased
cost
of
road
mainte-
point
where
few
nativr
~t
nance
and
other
facilities
that
Johmar.s
can
afford
to
o»
-
have
been
im r»-a*irrg
because
their
isvn home
The
senator
said
the
P ar*p3
submeu«d
.^nd
holdings
h.
e
also
severely
restricted
fish.- I
and boating areas, thus
cur.
ing
the
livelihood
of natives
j
Hodge
also
said
that becaussP
THE
DAILY
NEWS
ST THOMAS
U S
VIRGIN
ISLANDS
MAY
19791
SITE
SELECTION
FOR A COMMUNITY AND CULTURAL CENTER
ST.
JOHN,
U.S.
VIRGIN
ISLANDS
by
MARGUERITE
L.
EDISON
B.S.L.A.,
Iowa
State University,
1972
AN ABSTRACT OF A MASTER'S THESIS
submitted
in
partial
fulfillment
of
the
requirements
for
the degree
MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE
Department
of Landscape Architecture
KANSAS
STATE
UN IVERS)
nattan,
Kansas
1979
ABSTRACT
In August,
1956
the
U.S.
Congress
enacted
legislation establish-
ing
the Virgin
Islands
National
Park.
The park encompasses
two
thirds
of
the
Island
of
St.
John,
the
smallest of
the
three
U.S.
Virgin
Islands.
As with many
national
parks,
it
has
attracted
visitors
from
all
parts
of
the world.
While
all
who visit enjoy
the clear
blue
waters
of
the Caribbean,
the amiable climate,
and
beautiful
scenery,
the
resi-
dents
feel
that
the
park
occupies
far
too much area
and
severely
limits
the development and expansion of
the community.
•
May,
1979
two major developments
took
place.
First,
a
bill
expressing
the
public
opinion
that
no
further
lands
on
St.
John
be added
the Virgin
Islands
National
Park,
was
passed
unanimously
by
the Virgin
Islands
Legislature.
Secondly,
a
proposal
was
prepared
by
a
St.
John
citizens
group asking
that
a
portion
of
the existing
park
land
be
pro-
vided
*or
a
community and
cultural
center.
The
proposal
was
sen*
I
• ne
Secretary of
the
Interior.
These
incidents
and
increasing
public
pres-
sjre prompted
the
National
Park
Service
to
take
steps
towards
solving
the
site
selection problem.
To accomplish
this
the
N.P.S.
provided
a
landscape arcnitect
(the
author)
to conduct
an
Islandwide
survey and analysis
to produce
alternatives
for
the
intended
facility.
A
task directive was
pre-
yed
and agreed
upon
by
a
group
of
Individuals
representing
the
com-
,
thi
Virgin
Islands
Planning Office,
and
the Virgin
Islands
'onal
Park.
As
outlined
by
the directive
the
study
included
research,
analysis,
and
synthesis
phases.
2
During
the research
phase,
information related
to
St.
John's
social
and
cultural
resources
and
natural
resources
was
gathered.
A
cross
section
of
individuals
and
groups
supplied
information
related
to
community
and
park
needs.
This
information was analyzed
and
subse-
quently
used
to
form
the program
for development.
After
careful
analysis
of
the
natural
resources,
location
of potential
development
zones
was
established.
These
zones
represent
areas
on
St.
John with
few
natural
limitations
for development.
Synthesis
of
the
program requirements
and development zones
resulted
in establishment of
four
(4)
site alternatives.
These
sites
possess
natural
features
and
sizes
suitable
for development of
the
pro-
posed community
and cultural
facilities.
At
this
point
in
the
study
all
information was
prepared
and
finalized
for
review
by
the
National
Park
Service
and
the representa-
tives
of
St.
John.
Collectively
these
two groups
will
determine
the
final
site
selection.
This
portion
of
the
study does
not contain
any
site
reviews,
evaluations,
or
reccmmendations.
In addition
to
the
information provided
to
the
National
Park
Service,
further evaluation,
and
additional
alternative,
and
recommenca-
tlons
have
been prepared
by
the
author.
While
these recommendations
do
not directly
represent
the
views
and
policies
of
the
National
Park
Service or
the Community of
St.
John,
they
satisfy
the program require-
ments.
In determining
the alternatives
and
recommendations
eacn
intt-
est group's
priorities
and critical
Island
resources
were re-evaluated
and scenarios
developed.
After weighing
the potential
advantages
II
disadvantages
final
site
and
program recommendations were made.