Ucl w%■ i m• 1 9 9 5 — T h e Y e a r I n R e v i e w r e s o u r c e s F O U N D A T I O N The Year That Showed Us The Other Side of Paradise "Inhabitants of the Atlantic Coast, the Gulf Coast and the Caribbean, beware: this hurricane sea son is shaping up as one of the most active in the last two decades. " So cautioned an article in the New York Times in late June of this year. Five months later, after what would go down in the record books as the second most active season ever, this early warning from weather experts proved to be all too chillingly accurate. A combination of atmospheric and oceanic forces made the 1995 crop of tropical storms and hurricanes more frequent and intense than they have averaged since the beginning of this century. Whatever the rea son, the residents of the Caribbean — particularly the northeastern Caribbean — have cause enough to re member the 1995 hurricane season, after taking a bat tering from three successive major storms — Iris, Luis and Marilyn — during a three week period in late August to mid September. Hardest hit were the is lands of St. Thomas, Antigua and Dutch St. Maarten. Island Resources Foundation maintains facilities in two of the three islands. The Foundation's offices in Antigua and St. Thomas sustained damage to equipment and losses in the library collection. Overall, however, our physical damage and injury were less severe than the massive destruction apparent throughout Antigua following hurricane Luis and St. Thomas following hurricane Marilyn. For this, the Foundation is very thankful. In the initial weeks following the storms, both offices functioned on generator power, and while electricity and intermittent telephone service were re stored to the Foundation's offices by mid-November, in St. Thomas three-quarters of the island's telephones were still not in service and only about a quarter of the island had electricity. Full telephone service in St. Thomas is not expected until March of next year; full electrical capacity is not anticipated until early 1996. The statistics can be overwhelming. As reported in a recent issue of Caribbean Week, the Government of the U.S. Virgin Islands estimates storm-related damage at US$3 billion. Hundreds of people (out of a total population in St. Thomas of less than 50,000) remain homeless, months after the storm. Over 2.7 million square feet of blue plastic roof sheeting cover some 3,600 buildings and homes in St. Thomas. Only a few smaller cruise ships have returned to Charlotte Amalie, the once bustling hub of Caribbean cruise ship traffic, and many of the island's largest resort hotels do not expect to reopen until the spring of 1996, with devastating consequences for this tourism-driven econ omy. And what of the natural environment? IRF Re search Associate, Dr. Caroline Rogers (Research Di rector for the National Biological Service stationed at the V.I. National Park in St. John) reports that she and colleagues found coral colonies at Lameshur Bay (continued HURRICANES, page 2) HURRICANES (continued from page 1) on the south side of the island smashed and overturned to depths of almost 50 feet after Marilyn. Park scientists estimate that the amount of living coral at this site had not yet returned to pre-hurricane Hugo (1989) levels when Marilyn struck. And because corals grow very slowly, it will probably take several decades for this reef to recover. Additionally, Rogers noted that in areas like Leinster Bay where boats broke loose and went up on shore, more damage was caused by the boats than by the storm itself. Following Hurricane Hugo, a fierce Category 4 storm which roared through the Eastern Caribbean in 1989, Island Resources Foundation carried out an assessment of coastal environmental dam age in the U.S. Virgin Islands. As part of the government's post- Hugo recovery strategy, the Foundation evaluated over 50 hurricane- damaged coastal sites and designed monitoring and impact mitigation plans for sites identified as "priority" areas. A territory-wide plan for further reducing damage in future natural disasters through public- sector acquisition of hazard-prone and environmentally sensitive areas was also developed, but never officially adopted by the Virgin Islands Government. Thus, the lessons of Hugo had minimal effect on alter ing the reality of Marilyn. The early months of 1996 will be a critical period for the islands impacted by the storms of '95. Island Resources Foundation took tentative steps to solicit donor community support for a post-Luis and Marilyn environmental recovery initiative in those Eastern Caribbean islands most affected. Unfortunately, the temporary displacement of IRF personnel following the storms and the demands of our own im mediate site recovery left both the St. Thomas and Antigua offices less than fully operational for many weeks after the storm. But it is not too late to assess long-term effects and design an intervention strategy to accelerate recovery. To this end, the Founda tion invites donors, regional institutions, Caribbean governments and NGOs interested in helping to design and promote such an initiative to contact IRF's president, Dr. Edward Towle, in St. Thomas. As Dr. Towle recently noted, "Many of the longer-term effects of the 1995 hurricanes — like Hugo in 1989 —will not be the result of the initial storms (whether Luis or Marilyn), but of ill-advised actions taken in the immediate response and recovery period following the natural disaster." A Letter To The Editor, Virgin Islands Doily News (Oct. 28. 1995) Some thoughts after Hurricane Marilyn. The sudden shock as the winds from this "little" hurricane started to tear things apart at 11 p.m. Friday night; the agonized cries for help on VHF from boats in the harbor; four adults, three children and a wet dog huddled in a bathroom with mattresses as the freight train winds shook and tore at our haven; finally collapsing on wet bed ding in a back room for an hour until dawn; the tentative venturing out as gray, windy light broke through the glass and debris of our home to the gallery looking over town, and absolute incredulity at the massive damage visible on all sides. Houses gone, trees twisted and downed, poles broken, the harbor swept clean of boats, seeing first one, then another and then another neighbor, taking joy in our survival and comfort in sharing the ordeal. The Bryan clan firing up their pickup and chain saws and clearing the road, top to bottom; finding the propane tank in tact — hot coffeel And breakfast for the kids; going out to find friends, fellow workers and survey the structure of our liveli hood — some with houses gone, some with only water damage, but nobody hurt.... People com ing together in small communities of common in terest to help and share. Anger over the looting, especially our government's failure to anticipate and prevent it, balanced by gratitude for the rapid and massive infusion of federal assistance; my Daily News delivered by 6 a.m., four days after the storm; the pleasure of watching the sudden blossoming of leaves on naked trees, balancing fatigue and occasionally the despair of wondering how to put everything back together again. The sweet and sour blessings of a generator. ... A Main Street landlord showing up on the door step demanding his rent for October. The curse of traffic and lines, the aftertaste of siphoned diesel fuel; and, finally one morning, a dawn of Homeric proportions, truly "rosy fingered," a poignant re minder of the beauty and potential of life. Charles Consolvo St. Thomas Charles Consolvo, a SI. Thomas businessman, is a member of the Board of Trustees of Island Resources Foundation and has served as the Foundation's legal counsel for almost 20 years.