Tropical Fruit Biotechnology in the Virgin Islands Thomas W. Zimmerman Biotechnology & Agroforestry Program Anegada ATLANTIC OCEAN BRTITISH VIRGIN hy, ISLANDS —. r ss, Tartola Mj p= PUERTO RICO . ou Virgin Sorda : St Tharnas § 4 so = , St. John US VIRGIN or | =r ISLANDS CARIBBEAN SEA ~ wie... Challenges to Tropical Fruit Production in the Virgin Islands Small Farms < 5 acres Semiarid Limited Water Calcareous Soils pH~8 High Supply Costs Hurricanes Focus on Traditional Caribbean Crops Papaya Passion Fruit Pineapple Cassava Papaya Variety Evaluation Sz ei Gs eg hh ee he er eS eee Fe ba ‘et oS sy See ean <—o~* a ee) ae, roeeiabagt he i; = x; imi Mf a! = TGs -~ . raf a. 1, . ace Ui} a hy ‘* i = @ nee 4 oh Sr we he. a i e 4 is a bts a. ¥ Pai | i. iz] + Find I Find II Soh I Fco RI ist I Sima | al | stu I caky Mae I co Meco I Eco RI mal | nid III Bam HI ha | PRY Sst I Hpa | NPT 1 Pst I Epn | Barn HI Cla | Bel II Sac I] on T BR mal | Sac I] pGA482G/cp PRV2-211-23 Fst I on VF ia Fst I sca l BL Eco EI mal ] Sac Il Tet Tra mal I Sima | (en Stu rf A mal I Papaya Varieties Selected Washington 5 Yuen Nong 1 or — ae el i ~ ar “4, as — te ™), “far ; - wi a \ ~ alee y [ it , -) ae = */ 1¢, sy vq 4 Pa > at A a “tinge ek ee ee tae, , a oy 4 a ibe. LT = —— R1 Segregating Yuen Nong 1 al cs be fale hy ae 7 i en “4 “ss —_>~ cA i i Ed Se) i. iat ag ee — ——s wai, ‘ib 4 i* —% Te 2 Bess Ld = x, Ne ) he meee ng ais Tal - oa = « me ee Vw a a = 7s oa Sy — 2 as a “ay * fis 4 ae a x + es "ee: —— = - e Ly § nme Poe 1 Pe ~~ > on = a eres al ~ # , eee ee, ht aad ca = ah =F, ~ . 7 ey, ay cpa, Wy pa oe _ ay \ = eae! ‘ ce ~ #2 as nent Ks —— oe Ve am. = ye ti = are] \ a tS =x .¢€ ¥ B ee * oA TS oA rs ca) i; 2. ay ta Ts a An a teal = uk <= + SS eed. / — | i as —~ “af > le jess fe r ro! —s nt ta. J — 4 “A + | * ad i “7 mo AT Fie Fad - 0 ad 4 > at eA A 4, a . —_ r4 we “e <= nd ae a * ex i ~ 45 «ak Sanat bo =a af re a ps. = ae — < es Trae aa Sah ae a i* Ee -® [ Es a i es ae 7% = ne —s ay 7 fal io ere Sey Me. ats ep —— SF i ae hel J =< SS We ces at Toe R1 Washington segregating for PRSV resistance ae it 7 \. pr i & ve rs fa Pe ane oS ‘af al =F 2 g F = oe ¥ se ah koe - © ee AY yd a fo Pn ie ty hee eal ~. F wid = Ay Abs “~~~ os Ler Tyily Y. a ee oe ™ . Poe ed pe ee 4 i #} = “i . aa —_ « Jd ey tg Be 0 5 ng Ss ad se i? “af q: 4 Lo F all ~ fe ey we ry. fs, i, = peg oe, 4—<— oat ag ! x. oS aj % at = a + ey g* 2% be = Met 3s ‘—_ =F alt ro ws © Pe rae ‘a vk a oF Le ’ eos = «= a pee —— ,£ “se Pe be a fat 7 | = > As : aealeill el > we = = Cc. = os — a a>, ‘i a \ | le § ~ ‘ay ae — aan CE gene * == ae a a - ail | a — =a ‘h or = - —_—_ Aare = Per ee) — a Pa. aie ——— 2 ie fa i Fine o a — hn a -— nar ome a — + i oto =e 4 a Pee | “Ss peat a ta ‘zy ior“ —- Se — _— a eb ot: = caper er a # — as or te = ee eed —.. a re 2a la air iy | 7: JF’ “- . AM om 7 i wi vt =f os ct “2 & i age A Af Pid. te ALY, 2 6* a) ems 3 =r AY) wh. eh a 4) oy uM a fee ies Sah = geil tf ram ~~ nif + a 4a = Fate wl OR Pe i Be r+. en bi — ae Vi “4 z E be — it Vy Brg sdk a « fal a Fn ae ee at 7) =% fe Fatt ~4 +. — & - > = 4 = =< "y bs: a oe i, io i eA aa ci Ss — _ ——#¥ pi uy Prk! | tay Say rhs Gi -~ ee Md ~ ff y. % - “ ar e ~~ i) = Yee 7 ee * net oo. tm a" = f. Ly <" > T ——. = — 75 * in y ik 4 > ' ya ak! te ¥, He ho a at La he. PRSVcp = — oe _ Ux ee > a r att =f I a! & ree Cd FF. — "at 4, ——_ a nt: “~AY a3 - ia =e AS 4 i; oo # 4 = tL a \ OO art wee Tytphytrh tat tt ces $4 t.t oe bh ie Stphittry th tatet ett eet + 4,4% coe erate aes shy * eae 5 it ho oy gNe5 ans oe) ately att ya Oe ox as S Ses + S OS ++ Oe ae wy te, 44 Hatetetetetty $y ce oo ees a Coe eee Eee SE Ne SOE MEN ESS * SO 4 Coe Snes +; Cee: = ates n> crap ae oe tt tet Ett at aS coe eee Zi at Ke EXOD Ke OOK) htt + +6) coe) es Oxy = = pe SEO 4 +4, et, 52% SEO eats ox Se ee ee ee oe we ata oe ett eSeNe Ne e524 ox tot Ce ee eee OOK + es Cm Cee Cee eee oe 5255 ata oe Sexe Os ~ cory ‘a ia = — 1G o> state steht g525 if On = — a7 : x Ns ri OAS atatetetetaty! +44 * a eters poet = Pesta > S SIR Pobitihch echt Tt Eat ++ Sy, va tatatatatitact abe bet <4 tt hth tt ata Oot +4 CROOKS hee tpt chhtsta tet eieetet srt s a 5 3 . tc sth tt ats te tet tt htt tt tt st fatty, a oteteteens hs + > ate OOK a + ant SoS oes Pasa es Meet o Cx RD COICO OG Ce re Oo CROSS ad oeae ae or oe oe x Ce Lt ttt eee et ee at oe OLD Cx ee +t we Re att “eh Ke ery. 2s, te ax x OS a +4 +4 Oo eee) XXX rate satetetet +t eet ND OOOX! ory as ttt Et CxO 53 eet Haterece Ce Settee Tibi tatttt atatataty ehh bbe cht SOS Te +d, Oo Soe +4, eo Cee ee tthe Tee, Cx ee OO ot, J ma + aes le SE a? ty, ox patty ttt, ae ox) bt, eee x? 274 tebe Stchited, ey + ee eta o> OK tote Ce eee ee Sth ttehht heh he ee5 Ce pats OO it hobth ht Sth os ee <> ee oe ee ttt tt <> it ttt ot S ~ = —_ Ss bi ot x oo tt het a ttt CxO OOO rs Oo — Soe oot ox tere rat Se Ree SESS ote “ bt ++ PASAT tatty oS x miehetetats ox ht SOO ote htt thet hte vee os Some es tet hhc Cee ese ty ~ + tt, on re eatery oe tt, e335 + oon thtcteh tc Oe OOOOOIOOS + és eats OOe z 5 arse +, OO OOO at + OOOO OOG tity tit Tithitt ts bet ttitititet, ONS x ti ttetithy +4, OOOO oe OS rept tt ttt titi XK Sec or + +. ttt +t ~ ~ =e COCO OD e ‘. OOS EM CO ml \ ee Cee eS Pettitt thet o> oo ox one pete Stitt ttt tit yt i % cx tatett tthe bet CO Oe ee os. oth htt a oa +t = B. ROO ie a NO Nie CD Cex ~ sate et, SC i pth COC I IO MD Ft tthe tet ee, CxO Reh tte te ——— Sitctt htt, at 6 oe) ttt o> COs) tet rte, rae ttt ett +tphytyt = =a ——_—— == DE ee ee eS SO OO tthe os eee COO eS cot PRM Ce CO —— — ON ees Pitta t tt ttt te +a, rtghaty +9, Fttatats 7 OS +a, oD vty \er in ae oo ++; Oo CN Pat eee OC oe Pht +4, +4 tt bt FS tee > a tatratatat oo eS et tcheet Se ee ee Fb oes on at Se “ CHESS ce hits Hittite tet es Ceara eK On 5 tty + ce Htthptrt rt ttch tthe 4 Cee ee af tbe st rt Fh t = Enea te ¥ ate Oo ttttttes st Te Pht + CxO gs batt Cee ee af tbe st We bth oe rat ‘a Poe occ See eet eee Se OOo + 5 titctstoh ht ta$ +3 ttt, eye oc itchstobb ttt ty Ox hie OO eeschche OOOOOOOD bth tat LO S 525 OOOO ees OOo citer OOOO OOOOOOS Oo One week after spraying Kanamycin sensitive seedlings Ce al < ~e Re =~ __ & ern - rr A” qe = —_ PP « ren ~_s i oe ltd — Ne , > | 47 ‘er ~ = tees * a, oe So ee * *) © « =< =A, —— . a =® ae Ls ee as ea Farmers and the local public are shown the Transgenic Papayas sell at TPS RATES aE = ea —_ We r a 4, =a, aay he et = Wp wf eq SS y)* >t Yon Broo Pd i “ak. tr. ee oe “4 > “ prez * + we fe ‘Aa =. ue . a oo ff as ~~ / l, a, os at, \e) “a sy 7 i. ~ Fee ree “1 tan, ~ air thas is st 4 ae — + me ml Wale t« . “a So # oe, he 4 > — —: ye re #4 —— er pete i \s Ss —— Tai, a: sr | es ‘i ist —— eon gra “xi a oe ye ot es Y™. ~~ = ix ie) += =] Gen a = en 7 a 2 “hay ro a ee © — Woes, "4 oP of 77 rc AA me Pease aE © oe + —~ te, ae or — Tay = r= set sa reek = ye Ps rm i = te \e 6 hs Mass — ase / att ae | a i aye i Le = =e ie ra a ~ | oe t — ie pe Ly ae i, = ov tf _ rag a =i ae ot] he mat a AS a ae eee? al Thad Cd ~~ ah a Ss ati Cc Fe — = —— =) a? — a Tie i a ot a. oe ) el Ses o “3 =% AT & NN i= at = See ete a eS ais: sy 2 fa Fic re, - /\_ > 7 tay 28 st es im ‘O Nnsiome ers rs oi Ey) S SO e using = a viet ~~ ofl ot = ia ff, Fe art De la * Pee —— ft ae 1 ees a} — Ps fo i! "Oph e ait : i hy Ge faite | MP Poe ee me Pre Vy ae 4is! We wl) ; fi fla Ne ae Dh a ie ™ x. a a _ . Lt 7? — a, i ae =e ea | ‘er i are = ae og —— hk, = 2 ac é Ler et * —) —- re a iz = — ha : ws Pom 4 — raedahe snag, > > chee if 2. ‘ae ya é4 A fed ea Da hae a) he ja. + ra. = Ta at a | a a Lie a a i oF ~~ ; FA a eet “ = » of Poet Jt re ey. ee ae i yy mss) = All ae bat Ai er tly vir ys Be ' Pe ee =F gia Sock: ee LS ¥ | re. * el ae a a a iS fe hee © lle ed ere * rk fm ae es ce ekg he — a — a ye Fy “he ki bah te! a al os ay at = -S ae. < Pa a lie Pet rou yt & a4 _= of Ay id L* a) “g: 2. ee . 4 ect ss ae -— 5 - a ell Le yg ca i i= ~~, ! a so Bes = = 2 ll — FP ih a ees aa a PT he, re a, ra — acl a% be, cia — = Pr 2 ae ie a oe — i sel ih. == =, —._ *. a! a a a ie o> Pel ce “2 fs eT i ae a fe be hes ort v Ree . + = ae a: rhe, a a: eR Ct eck ~~ a are +. Tee ct yh ea 2 oo Cs 1 See tA i Fe FY a rs Pe ae #y ._= oe Pits in Pe: 3 pt 1 all a es ss Sa =. 7 a ~ gre =. ~ ts ee 7. — Si a ='s Lan = fe pty he Pe, ee , wy Bon — q>. ba des * = 2 > rr 2 ee "= at 7 at ie a + ' et ae A sg = ueliz rd Me cg — Les i io Ay a pe et, FI = “Ft erin — =e! A ee Ba aa” re cam) = | =~) oak ¥ Sa > Sl mur =i oo ye er * ts tel ha a. +" — es, a = Tey ae Se “eh ket &. he a rn ll ae Sl ing tn, ef “*y i all Peas: tf ie “ye rs © boy Ft a 5 Cn rae = => aa oa ah - J REA au a ay a iw = ae ie 7 ora 7 i. Ci ne + yt _ ia =, a bad Fruit for Seed Harvest \ ihe AS Ds a hae Af MC : Sie if a tix £9 ae = a What we want to see, a productive local farmer or backyard gardener A Passion for Passiflora « i Kc e ade ls ig “4 ca vt in Bee A ‘= * | i Ww, cs *, caf ‘* 3, pen a ee , a J és et Oe ) jae a ee if ethane - J 1 an v4 i *." ve - a = i? wen alla rma wf - 1 al = gee tL fe 2! ox oe 4 +b as | bs eh ar 5 ad - ste ee 4 oerere See Poe Spee et titty tte, the ee 5c Hat httit st ce 5 For nin, - ttt le teehee SOOO ity ee wets he ox ty So exe +4 SOC ttt tet em ig bby ¥ & ty vit. eae attatata tas +4 state oh che ptatate: 5% he eT ec EO Sees CK, ttt a eet ett Stitt CoS eae Ce the at Co ser ees eS ae ee: CR SI ot * Pan tt os + sete eae) He seta tht ate htt htt sete td ‘ca Tei eh phates tt, ates +44, => fy =" ae eS watts Ox PSE SE ES etatatatets Scere ee ese ae ere ett tee watts are be 7 a +4 Attest +t tte +4 +44, Sh ttt, ee crap on) tt tet St -a& *, pom OD OO) arenes CN exc CX pom x i le a 2 SO SOROS goes ttch th hdd te het coe) Ce Shhet +4 tht aba i. 7 +4 ese tht Cee ee oO OO ate OC Ox Oe eS x + KS ee ee OOo ox .- ad a oa | ox: ese5e5. ee eee + Woy Cs eg +, =, iy ae phate me ate 4, fx * CO Coe. CC IOS ate CE I SE SON TED ata see Pe ++ + Se505 ‘, Fi or ol ttt ht bh te EO oO? tt COOK OO! Co} oe on + tot etbet he x +t + tpt tee it + NS OCOD OO = t = td ia — 7) ) CO eS Sheep pte ett Cee rote tte Spbh + on rks tete tate! + ae 5 Oo 3 +e CO ee ote PIS in tt ee ate +e ox oe ox Seay — tf Pri = | de ats Sc ot at xx tattle 5 iat Kes at oe ae +99 Batty oO sso et ‘4 oe r >= a wn | ws Soe Cx % ee rete Cx thet ++ Ps he on PE OS +2) erate’ om te, Pee se oT el, St re 4 ¢ Ce ee oe mestetatetate See cues oe cee Ch ehh 44 i if ar < +4 CO Peet Ox Se ae the OOx> KD Cee me OOK? Oe 5 So Pe vie a oe cone ratits Stet, oe we on wm atte A? tht rat tah re, >" ™ Wat “ = 5 x ee oe Cox: oe Pb tt bh bt ttt Ce eee ee ttehht heh he ees thet eke, SO ttthbcb tht CRC Se | eee a amy a ot ie my a= { +t oxo htt ttt tht htt ttt ttt ne hi a4 +3 tte, Ox ox NOG oes ttt et OD Patt Pith, Ly tt eet ere ee bt ett CO eo ttt teh, oF; tea ; . " ;# i Tatptatch tat tet, ett es tihtatttatihittrtatitatatatcttatatatatattetatatattatetatatatatatctata tet toh es tty, Oe poy -" =| pr OO? te eet, OOOO SOOO OOD Se wie OOOO} Hott tte OOOOOOOO one ~~ so liewnd vk a ii +t ttittth et, Hrete titititettt ttt ttt het SOKO tt tt tt ee OOD ttt tt, COM 3 Stitt, Fs ae i atthe Se eS OOO OD oo Cote Oe o> oc ectatch pRN y as Ye A AS A tthe eh eee +4 titetitst ttt h ee, CC te i ate eM I I NN RK ICN OD 49) i ttstit tthe tthe, on titetts ttt Va ae Pt th ht CN Ox? thet t ttt On Rekha hat Ce eM tite, hebthat ttt tt et a -“V the ox SS) eee ox. Se tatstattettetatetettttattetttatate ta tttctb ttt ate ie — A a SOR ese es Sees ttatate Stet 3 Fite Stet +, oe MD ae Co Fttt a) ~~! Sse + a, 4 Ce SO ENO CN es arate Cn? sosecese Batts OS tet titcttct thet tee Mr - oF 1 ‘ rae + tte rapatetat Seo Stes eeeseaeeaeseazieses rae Strtt ty cy ;—_— wt Dei i= PP a +t Stet htt tithe tt, af tet tat that esi oe atctatatatetpttchtctytptteh * Se aS x Oo? ttt tat, £ retort Stat tet +4; tet Scat chih, te Oe Oy? ‘a. . DOOD OO " eSe5e5 Pettatitchet OODOOO Coe eee aac ter or goatee or gor COO ED SOS bbtok COED CxO Seteintea th eet RD Ooo Ore fe oY. ‘_ ah - ~~ * oe / #8 a" 2 ba} “it = cy, aK, . w te. ‘F tts nD ‘a Pur ae a to. 9, al a 14 f, ie * hy ns ae co io = = ‘4 et i " ‘la t*, 4 ts , <> f ail ye tat - “— ‘- lal — —. sm, — =a = fie me ————— —e —— — — oe —— af —— es —— SS ee | " , — 4 WV ve _ = af = >= oie. ho = * ip = rae ts A =a a i i440 ane a a i om an an EL —_—* a 2. q = : “we fF im ae eA —_ Ss fn ty ‘i, an ad cal ba ig ort =. Aa jad © a? aha, Pee ae 4 = ae re “a CF im a. =e wo ae = ay = _ don't ae 5 at er ate + Egress, ~ OS — ieee a tall = = eit Le ed hal i “tis. Mee Ht 2 i a. — ene a rs es ea “a od lon, lites, ng i, =a ey we , ave is a _— “pee ie be, Fie + a Se os 7 oh oe ‘ty a “th tye her rir oe wel al aa | a at he cd nu 4 beige": . on a mike 7 “a a = Yo" a? =o = mal fen 7 al a me if f TS a ad — A ETE er oes . ihe eS -, a ‘ a! (hi ee ~~ Poy sn, 7 o Pia ty 4 a, aap eee a | or ‘yh. rs A) es fi > +: Car al aS —4 foes *] < a ea I ry cy a, ity or 4 Sat PH in Lad “Ue hie i! hy t bad =k rx a mm hoe ye MLA = a (tet ly i el ty: ia, i Three wire system after one year (Lip! ket ( % i 7a A GR Mie? iA soa | “ phe! au Ae. Vx Saad ort Tee gts > # “a me Wa ea By git Sa A ey PL ah Bigs ‘sf wv re tA; in In 4 ify Gee << Ee i. bstaee “We bd ee “ i st ats fz a7, eee Pee Le fa: iat : He ~ 44 = “o aaa sony ee 2%, xe oh fg Pe rv Ne ~ 4a as Se wal . — ac PN, TF 2. 4 < ait 4/8 a Yaar ae “y = Ae Rs +43 % 72% as Sy < Me ~ 2 ee, Faw) a, * ain 2 a~* At vy er ite V5 on “a “a a a ea) is ad ny MG ‘y* 1H yaa rap AQ PEO Pua. cA K. we “sx oJ. "eM ary €5 idier i \g if Ny, Cay Af: ei Bs! bo, a ty cA s ee es WH Ne Hyde wt i . “ a, mek “hh oA ‘ O™% My eas 6 & wie 4d big me ae vo ‘ft ok Al, vem 8g +3 T)) a ae ide »* te | wy ¢ om +». ‘kes te 6A ay Bing “ fay o Tt fo v\ Wh. » ao, } i ¥, Sa BY pF Ww <

. oy A ae ke eet at x vom $i | - PS Coe 4,4 ,! at é ee As q a ae ge: w/ ¢; Se. bel 43 “ ¢ ge \! dan V avs. % 4 * we th ih, ber, S fe “yt * ay be he W) e ee ‘yt é “af | Soa oe” rg T i) BA pew Hehe ee ‘y » a) ris ~~ v7 aif Re oe Be. Ton’? vm 7 Sea soph Uns " tees \ ide oN me WA <4) XZ wy er: Tor fy re «3 ad ‘Pes ei Bed 4h by at Oo s My ye PT ¥f Wai he Vee 74 its od AS \h y As “& Sy Fi ie yy 2 ry. +5 SERN \ j vA] co ete f Aas g ate vis oe ee igs CRN sah ae’, eg ala * oh * by We ‘i = { nV? J% % Stes % ¢ ABNER Tate re uN ANG we we se i ah \ % at PRR Gp SAY is IN ea (Ts a = Stl BA cD ss cL), * teste! Bia ere mS EX ae Vy = One wire system after one year nr, ~ J Se8 on Pak eins, bs Ca or te FO ir “ 3 an a on pe “a ae Of aA 4 Ae RY Gh: 5 “ fw be ay Pr jal yA lo 4 Sk eree a poy ah > Dae thy t) ° Ya 4 Ja ai do | Sein 4 vie ee Lv ~4P 1n.4 e'¢ e: af 4. i, we fi, A) vy t.> ow 1 Be OXR6 Le A > @ ae | V/ a “ ~é ad oe } fe Hee 5 ( uf Hen €/ ¥7 ate. rY’ 7, tg te 4 R. v4 Va of re ’ i af AE (use, if] lA} > th) Oa 7 we ae; / ‘f ii fi Pe ny Za" der 2, vw AY 5 (oy Ce | 14 "ha A on ye ER! -, od / mal a0 A fi Ay hp) f& :) PA ND, ue / ae ¢ i} 4) | if KB a ae Yih) a ~ 7 wy of be ye in.) se WG he 2 ay / ye der 2] yt (ANY, os. (ar : to a de '? \x ee A fy oy ty i, ‘, {7% Uf 0 as Df 2 gi. ve "7 i Lh 1 “8 , rors at Ps . ; we # Lee I | bs 4% om * 16 ts ie _e he oA AS fd fs fy wh ms 4 % ” Sf fn —ty i V 4's Ae he atin, a? ~ 7a 4 he py eh ve ipl se “9 @ fp: =, bee = ‘in -< S BENE re ee ‘ee ite v4 | tty Sy vg z ole gay | %45 oe] we, kanal \ SF Sn a4 2 wt ‘ ee tz ey Ve = toes fqiit ws ay Wirt a r) >

fe oy te i i NAS, rt SND Wet Ni wl ube A | ~ wl ay fi +A Pe Ys sy Hast \ Ay e 4 “3 a4 ae he id wal ia “2 tak hie TPZ A DA Wh A ra’ ee 96S eo eo ee" ow ae 5 € Sees Pineapple 18 varieties from USDA Germplasm collection Old Caribbean varieties & newer Cayenne 7 iia 7 piss 1 pe + a) af oy Fe igs ea" fy i ih . 1's" Ue) ay al wily ay “ig igtta Bhs, Ps i vis Ct Salt rt) itn fi UF? ieee! 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